Chapter 8 No.8

Less peremptory uses of imperative, 257. Less vivid conditions, 243. Letters, names of, 4; double, pronunciation of, 6, e; see also Correspondence, 278. Limitation of third personal pronoun, 42.

Manner, expr. by kun, 76; expr. by. per, p. 53, ftn.; by adverbial participle, 222; advs. of, see Adverbs. Material, expression of, 197. Means, expression of, 64. Measure, ace. of, 139; expr. by je, 260. Measures, weights and, 284. Metric system, 284. Modifiers of impersonally used verbs, 141. Money system, The international, 285. Mood, defined, 241; inf., see Infinitive; conditional, 241; imperative, 254; indicative, see 267; in conditions, see Conditions. Moral obligation, 247. Motive or reason, advs. of, see Adverbs; expr. by clause, 83; expr. by prep., 86.

Names, of letters, 4; orthography of proper, 128. Necessity, expression of, 259. Negative, pronoun, (neniu) 220; (nenio) 233; adj., 224; advs., see Adverbs; conjunction, 31. "Nominative absolute," how rendered, p. 169, ftn. Nominative case, ending of, (for nouns) 10, (for adj.) 12; of predicate noun and adj., 25, 210; with prep., 36, (al, ?is, tra) 46. Noun, defined, 10, ending of, 10, plural of, 16; acc. of, 23; elision of, 280, b; feminine, 59; numeral, 157; participial, 205; predicate, 20, 211; possessive case of, 49; expressing motion, followed by acc., 263; expressing quantity, followed by da, 99, by de, 100; replacing inf., 218, b; replacing participial phrase, p. 193, ftn.; from adv., 171; from prep., 159. Noun roots, causative verbs from, 214, c; intrans. verbs from, 232, d. Number, see Plural. Numeral nouns, 157; advs., 158. Numerals, cardinal, 136; formation of, 142; fractional, 166; ordinal, 149; abbreviation of, p. 107, ftn.; followed by el, 138.

Object, see Direct object, Indirect object, Complement. Obligation, 247, (moral) 247. Opposites, formation of, 67; of pli and plej, 80. Opposition, distinguished from accompaniment, p. 49, ftn. Order, of word endings, p. 10, ftn.; see also Position. Ordinal numerals, 149; advs., 158; abbreviation of, p. 107, ftn. Orthography, of proper nouns, 128.

Part of the whole, expression of, (after noun) 99, (after adv.) 101. Participial nouns, 205; advs., 222. Participle, defined, 108; agreement of, 108; adverbial, 222, (translating "without") p. 193, ftn.; present, 108, (passive) 165; past, 119, (passive) 189; future, 152, (passive) 199. Particle, introductory, not needed, 50, 51. Partitive construction, p. 74, ftn. Passive voice, agent of, 169; participles of, see Participles; tenses of, see Tenses; of -ig- formations, 239; distinguished from -i?- formations, 232, b. Past tense, 35, (passive) see Imperfect; past participle, see Participles. Past periphrastic future, 153, (passive) 200. Past inception, present action with, 131. Peremptory commands and prohibitions, 256, 259. Perfect tense, 124, (passive) 190; perfect participle, see Past participle. Periphrastic futures, 153, (passive) 200. Permission, expression of, 269. Perplexity, expression of, 257, 259. Personal pronouns, 32; acc. of, 37; indefinite, 54; reflexive, 39, 40; limitation of third personal, 42; position of unemphatic, 274. Place, expr. by ?e, 125; advs. of, see Adverbs; expr. by -ej-, III; 128. Pluperfect tense, 135, (passive), 195. Plural, of nouns, 16; of pronouns, 56, 106, 203, 173, 220; of adj., 16; of unu, 137; none of article, 18; none of pronouns ending in -o, 233. Position, of attributive adj., 13; of adv., 66, a; of emphatic negative, 27; of unemphatic pronoun, 274; of interrogative adv., 30. Possession, expr. by de, 49. Possessive, adjective, 43; reflexive, 44; article for, 47; ftn., p. 221. Possessive case of nouns, 49; of pronouns, (ties) 62, (kies) 107, 147, (?ies) 174, (ies) 204, (nenies) 221; see also Possessive adjective, 43. Possessive compounds, 184. "Possessive pronouns," p. 24, ftn. Possibility, expression of, 270. Predicate, adj., 19, agreement of, 21; after trans, verbs, 210; noun, 20; agreement of, 21; after trans. verb, 211; clause as, 259. Prefixes, causative verbs from, 214, c; intrans. verbs from, 232, d; prep. as, 160, 248; adverb as, 71, 167, a, interjection as, p. 216, ftn.; bo-, 277; dis-, 245; duon-, 277; ek-, 206; eks-, 281; ge-, 271; mal-, 67; pra-, 282; re-, 223. Prepositions, defined, 36; with inf., 98; with adv., 87; with other preps., 87; case use with, 36, 46; expressing time relations, 89; as prefixes, 160; word derivation from, 159; advs. from, 120; causative verbs from, 214, c; intrans. verbs from, 232, d; making intrans. verbs trans., 264, b, c; see also references in Vocabulary. Prepositional phrase, acc. instead of, 265, 266. Present action with past inception, 131. Present periphrastic future, 153, (passive) 200. Present participle, 108, (passive) 165. Present tense, 14, (progressive) 110, (passive) 168. Primary adverbs, defined, 66; derivation of words from, 171. Probability, expression of, 270. Progressive tenses, present, 110, future, 114; passive, 200. Prohibition, expression of, 256, 259. Pronominal adjective, possessive adj. as, 45; pronoun as, (tiu) 57, 60, (kiu) 106, 146, (?iu) 173, (iu) 203, (neniu) 220, (amba?) 238. Pronouns, defined, 32; agreement with, 33; personal, 32; indefinite personal, 54; reflexive, 38, 39, 40, (in composition) p. 132, ftn.; possessive, p. 24, ftn.; possessive form of, see Possessive case; limitation of third personal, 42; position of unemphatic, 274; correlation of predicative or relative, 234; followed by el, 173, p. 115, ftn.; series in -o, 233; demonstrative, 56, 60, 233; distributive, 173, 233; indefinite, 203, 233; interrogative, 106, 233; negative, 220, 233; relative, 146; 233; summary, 235; amba?, 238; intensive, 219. Proper nouns, orthography of, 128. Protestations, use of je in, 260. Proximity, expr. by ?i, 60, 66, p. 229, ftn. Purpose, expr. by inf., 98; by imperative, 262; by prep., 95.

Quantity, construction with nouns expressing, 99, 100; construction with advs. expressing, 101; advs. of, (tiom) 104, (kiom) 140, 164, (?iom) 194, (iom) 217, (neniom) 231; comparison of advs. expressing, 81. Questions, 30; indirect, p. 38, ftn., p. 170, ftn.; of deliberation, perplexity, or for instructions, 257, 259. Quotations, indirect, 53, 58.

Reciprocal expressions, 180. Reference, expr. by al, 251. Reflexive pronouns, of first and second persons, 39; of third person, 40; with substantival inf., 130. Reflexive possessive adjective, 44. Reflexive verbs, 41; distinguished from verbs in -i?-, 232, b. Relative pronoun, (kiu) 146, (kio) 233; not omitted, p. 106, ftn. Relative adjective, 150; relative adverb, see Adverbs. Relative clause, see 146, 233, (temporal) 155, (of manner) 156, (quantitative) 164. Request, expression of, 257, 259; for instructions, 257, 259. Resolve, expression of, 255. Result, clauses of, 105. Root, defined, p. 42, ftn. Route, expression of, 191.

Salutations, 115. Separation, expr. by de, 170; expr. by al, 252; by for, 71; by dis-, 245. Situation, expr. by ?e, 125; by adverbial participle, 222. Source, expr. by de, 170. Statements, indirect, 53; tenses in, 58. Subject, defined, 15; preceded by verb, 51; inf. as, 130; clause as, 141, 259; of adverbial participle, 222. Subordinate clause, defined, 53; imperative in, 259, 262; conditional in, see Conditions, 243, 246. Subordinating conjunctions, ke, 53, 105, 259 (tial ke) 83, p. 222, ftn.; (por ke) 262; (not omitted) p. 34, ftn.; se, 240; kvaza?, 250; ?u, p. 38, ftn. Substantive, defined, p. 71, ftn.; inf. as, 98, 130; clause as, 53, 259. Substitution, expr. by prep., p. 63, ftn.; expr. by prep. with inf., 98; of noun for inf., 218, b, p. 193, ftn. Suffixes, causative verbs from, 214, c; intrans. verbs from, 232, d; -ad-, 218; -a?-, 272; -a?-, 227; -an-, 145; -ar-, 126; -?j-, 283; -ebl-, 161; -ec-, 202; -eg-, 122; -ej-, 111; -em-, 192; -er-, 276; -estr-, 253; -et-, 198; -id- 207; -ig-, 214, 239, 275; -i?-, 232, 239, 279; -il-, 63; -in-, 59; -ind-, 154; -ing-, 237; -ist-, 172, p. 154, ftn.; -nj-, 283; -obl-, 186; -on-, 166; -op-, 261; -uj-, 181; -ul-, 132; -um-, 268. Summary of conditions, 249. Superlatives, (adj.) 74, (adv.) 79; followed by el, 75. Syllables, 7. Synonyms, apparent, (diri: paroli: rakonti) 77, (koni: scii) 117, (tempo; fojo) 127, (lo?i: vivi) 133, (antikva: maljuna: malnova) p. 128, ftn., 67, (?iu: tuta) p. 130, ftn., (indiferenta: nezorga) p. 162, ftn., (provi: peni: ju?i) p. 228, ftn., (?uste: juste: ?us) p. 198, ftn., (ankora?: jam) p. 124, ftn., p. 112, ftn., (trovi?i: sin trovi: ku?i: sidi) p. 217, ftn. Synopsis of the verb, 267. System, correlative, 235; metric, 284; of money, 285.

Temporal clauses, 96, 155. Temporal adverbs, 66, (tiam) 73, (kiam) 123, 155, (?iam) 187, (iam) 212, (neniam) 226, (jam) p. 124, ftn. (ankora?) p. 112, ftn., (?us) p. 116, ftn. Tenses, aoristic, p. 78, ftn.; compound, 109; (of impersonal verbs) 179; in indirect quotations, 58; in conditions, 249; of inf., 267; of conditional, 241, 242; of imperative, 254; present, 14, (progressive) 110, (passive) 168, past, 35, (passive) 178; future, 55, (progressive) 114; (passive) 183; imperfect, 113, (passive) 178; perfect, 124, (passive) 190; pluperfect, 135, (passive) 195; future perfect, 148, (passive) 190; periphrastic, 153, (passive) 200; synopsis of all, 267. Terminations, see Endings. Terms of address, 163; affectionate, 283, p. 221, ftn. Time, of day, 185; expr. by prep., 89; expr. by acc., 91; expr. by clause, 96, 155; expr. by adverbial participle, 222; advs. of, see Temporal adverbs. Titles, 163; use of mo?to, 258. Transitive verbs, defined, 22; formed by -ig-, 214; from intrans. roots, 264, b, c; list of some, 275.

Unemphatic words, position of, (negative) 27, (pronoun) 274.

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