Chapter 7 No.7

ESTABLISHMENT OF THE GREAT COUNCIL OF KENTUCKY AND ITS RECORDS FROM 1895 to 1907.

In compliance with request of petitioners from various Tribes in Kentucky, Great Chief of Records of the Great Council of the United States, Charles C. Conley, acting Great Incohonee, and Past Great Sachem William C. Conley, of Pennsylvania, acting Great Chief of Records, appeared in the wigwam of Miantonomo Tribe, No. 1, hunting grounds of Lexington, on the 27th sun of Hunting Moon, G. S. D. 404, for the purpose of kindling the Great Council fire of Kentucky.

After appropriate remarks of instruction had been given by the two Great Chiefs, the following named Past Sachems, who responded to the call, were marked as present:

Miantonomo Tribe, No. 1-J. B. Mendenhall, John Armstrong, Oscar R. King, J. R. McConnell, Past Great Sachem T. A. Hornsey, Willie Walker, Henry Vogt, R. Eason, Frank L. Smith.

Onequa Tribe, No. 2-R. W. Jones, J. W. Holler.

Wyandotte Tribe, No. 3-T. M. Russell.

Winona Tribe, No. 4-W. B. Wilkerson, Wm. Metcalfe, J. Hull Davidson.

Paughcaughnaughsinque Tribe, No. 6-John I. Winter, W. E. Fite, J. W. Crumbaugh.

Hiawatha Tribe, No. 7-E. G. Van Zandt, J. H. Young, A. F. German.

Osceola Tribe, No. 19-W. C. Diederich.

As Past Sachems McConnell, Diederich and Mendenhall had been admitted to other State Great Councils, the acting Great Incohonee appointed Past Sachem McConnell as Great Guard of the Forest, pro tem.; Past Sachem Diederich as Great Guard of the Wigwam, pro tem.; and Great Sannap, pro tem., was filled by Past Sachem Mendenhall.

The acting Great Incohonee, assisted by the acting Great Chief of Records and Past Sachem Mendenhall proceeded to constitute the Great Council of Kentucky, which was consummated at 12 o'clock high sun.

The following named Great Chiefs were then elected or appointed and raised up:

J. B. Mendenhall, of No. 1 Great Sachem

J. R. McConnell, of No. 1 Great Senior Sagamore

W. E. Fite, of No. 6 Great Junior Sagamore

J. Hull Davidson, of No. 4 Great Prophet

Frank L. Smith, of No. 1 Great Chief of Records

A. F. German, of No. 7 Great Keeper of Wampum

J. B. Mendenhall, of No. 1 Gt. Rep. to G. C. U. for two great suns

The Great Sachem-elect appointed:

John I. Winter, of No. 6 Great Sannap

Thos. M. Russell, of No. 3 Great Mishinewa

W. C. Dienerich, of No. 19 Great Guard of Wigwam

R. W. Jones, of No. 2 Great Guard of Forest

The Great Sachem announced the following committees:

On Laws-P. G. S. Thos. A. Hornsey, Great Senior Sagamore J. R. McConnell and Great Junior Sagamore W. E. Fite.

On Credentials-Great Prophet J. Hull Davidson and Past Sachems E. G. Van Zandt and R. Eason.

The committee on Laws recommended that the laws of the Great Council of Pennsylvania be adopted by the Great Council of Kentucky, and after some slight amendments they were adopted.

The Committee on Credentials reported Past Sachems P. T. Farnsworth, of No. 1, John D. Walker, of No. 2 and Charles Scott, of No. 4 as being in the forest with proper credentials, and recommended they be admitted, and they were admitted and received the Great Council degree. It was voted that an appropriation of two hundred fathoms be made for the expense of the Great Chiefs for the ensuing term.

The Great Chief of Records was authorized to prepare an original design for a seal and to procure the seal as soon as possible.

The following resolution was unanimously adopted:

Resolved: That in expression of its appreciation of the invaluable services performed by the Great Chief of Records of the Great Council of the United States, Charles C. Conley, acting Great Incohonee, and Past Great Sachem William C. Conley, of Pennsylvania, acting Great Chief of Records, who have so ably and courteously assisted and instructed the Great Council of Kentucky during its course of organization, the records of the Great Council shall contain this resolution expressive of its gratitude for their distinguished services.

The various bills and expenses incident to institution were ordered paid, leaving a balance in the wampum belt of seven fathoms, six feet and two inches.

It was voted to kindle the next council fire in the wigwam of Paughcaughnaughsinque Tribe, No. 6, at Augusta.

Following are the statistics of the Order at the time of institution-Whole number of Tribes, 10; Tribes not reporting, 2; adopted, 265; admitted by card, 12; withdrawn by card, 4; suspensions, 10; rejections, 9; total membership, 638; Past Sachems, 71.

Council of the Degree of Pocahontas-Minneola, No. 1, at Ashland; Minnehaha, No. 2, at Lexington.

The Great Sachem announced the appointment of standing committees for the ensuing great sun, as follows-

Finance-J. Hull Davidson, No. 4; Thomas M. Russell, No. 3; John I. Winter, No. 6.

Law and Usage-W. E. Fite, No. 6; W. C. Diederich, No. 19; Willie Walker, No. 1.

Returns and Reports-R. Eason, No. 1; T. A. Hornsey, No. 1; John D. Walker, No. 4.

Board of Appeals-E. G. Van Zandt No. 7; W. C. Diederich, No. 19; J. W. Crumbaugh, No. 6.

The council fire was then quenched in ample form.

1896.

SECOND GREAT SUN COUNCIL.

The second Great Sun Council fire of the Great Council of Kentucky, Improved Order of Red Men was kindled in the wigwam of Paughcaughnaughsinque Tribe, No. 6, at the 10th run rising of the 12th sun of Flower moon, G. S. D. 405, with Great Sachem J. B. Mendenhall presiding. All of the elective Great Chiefs were present except A. F. German, Great Keeper of Wampum.

The Great Sachem appointed the following named brothers as a committee on Credentials-John I. Winter, of No. 6, John Armstrong of No. 1 and J. W. Crumbaugh, of No. 6.

The committee on credentials reported representatives present with proper credentials from Tribes, Nos. 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 9, 17, and 19, and recommended that they be recognized and seated as the representatives from their respective Tribes, which was concurred in.

The committee also reported the following named Past Sachems as being in the forest for the first time with proper credentials and recommended that they be admitted and receive the Great Council Degree, which was agreed to:

Miantonomo, No. 1-H. H. Wilson.

Onequa, No. 2-J. W. Scobee.

Wyandotte, No. 3-W. C. Pelham and D. P. Ort.

Winona, No. 4-L. E. Pearce.

Paughcaughnaughsinque, No. 6-J. W. McKibben, W. E. Hamilton, Thos. M. Gray and N. Feagan.

Cherokee, No. 8-Chas. A. Lang.

Osceola, No. 19-Conrad Gensler.

Past Sachem Michael Grau, of No. 17, having previously been admitted to the Great Council of Ohio, was also admitted to a seat in the Great Council of Kentucky.

The records of the last Great Council were approved as printed.

The Great Sachem then began reading his long talk, and we make the following extracts therefrom:

"I herewith submit the report of my official actions between 27th Hunting Moon, G. S. D. 404, at which time this G. C. was instituted, and 11th Flower Moon, 405.

The Order in this reservation has enjoyed a season of prosperity, and the membership has, through hard work, been greatly increased. The following new Tribes have been instituted:

Shawnee, No. 9, Louisville, on the 10th of Worm Moon; Mohican, No. 11, Bowling Green, on the 24th of Plant Moon, and three Tribes will be instituted before the close of this moon.

All of our Tribes, with the exception of Miami, No. 17, and Tecumseh, No. 5, have greatly increased their membership, as will be seen from the report of the G. C. of R.

I regret to say that some opposition on the part of some of the members of Cherokee Tribe, No. 8, has been manifested in regard to fee paid to organizers, and this matter will, in all probability, be presented by their representatives for your consideration at this session.

Hiawatha Tribe, No. 7, labored under the impression that no other Tribe could legally be instituted in the hunting ground of Louisville without first obtaining their consent, and it was necessary for me to summon the Great Chiefs to meet with that Tribe on the sleep of the 28th of Snow Moon, and after considerable discussion the matter was amicably adjusted, and they have since prospered."

The Great Sachem then recounted appointment of Deputies for each Tribe, dispensations granted, decisions rendered and visitations made.

Among his recommendations were the following:

"That the salary of the Great Chief of Records be increased to three hundred fathoms." This was approved by the finance committee and concurred in by the Great Council.

That the Great Sachem be allowed to draw on the Great Keeper of Wampum for the expenses of that stump, from time to time, as they may become necessary." This was agreed to after fixing the limit at one hundred fathoms.

GREAT COUNCIL OF KENTUCKY--SECOND SESSION, AUGUSTA, MAY 12-13, 1896.

Great Chiefs Seated--N. Feagan, G. of W. Frank L. Smith, G. C. of R. W. E. Fite, G. Sr. Sag. J. R. McConnell, Gt. Sachem. J. B. Mendenhall, Gt. Prophet. J. I. Winter, G. Jr. Sag. John Armstrong, G. K. of W.

The Great Chief of Records in his report said:

"The work of a full great sun has been crowded into the short space of four and one-half moons, owing to the peculiar time of kindling our first Great Council fire.

The placing of the Great Council upon a footing to transact business has required me to cause to be printed not only the records of the first Great Council, but also the laws, blanks for dispensations, reports, credentials, stationery, etc., that will not have to be done again for many great suns.

Having been authorized by the Great Council to prepare an original design for a seal, I set about the same, and caused a skillful draftsman to carry out my ideas in an India ink drawing, from which seals were engraved on wood in two sizes, and a die sunk and the seal properly prepared. The design proved a difficult one to execute and was quite expensive, yet when I considered that it was to last for all time as the Great Seal of the Great Council of Kentucky, I felt warranted in making the expenditure, as the design has been highly commended by the Great Chiefs to whom it was submitted.

I beg to submit for the consideration of the Great Council the system I have adopted for listing, by means of a card catalogue, the entire membership of the Order in this reservation. I have caused to be printed two thousand cards like sample filed herewith. These cards are filled out, one for each member, with all the information obtainable as to the history and rank in the Order, and are filed alphabetically. This system, started from the institution of the Great Council and kept up to date from the semi-great sun's reports from Tribes, will enable the G. C. of R. at a moment's notice, by referring to the catalogue, to tell the Tribe to which any brother named may belong, when and where he was adopted, advanced, raised and exalted; also whether or no he is a Past Sachem, and if he has been admitted to the Great Council of Kentucky. It will also show if he has ever been suspended, reinstated, withdrawn, readmitted, etc., with dates in every case. In the future, I am of the opinion this will prove to be of inestimable value. I now have the catalogue of the Order in a complete state up to the first of Plant Moon.

In order that this system may be carried out in every particular, I have prepared a special report blank, which, if the Chiefs of Records of Tribes will be particular to comply with, will enable the list to be kept complete and accurate.

I have been unable to obtain any report for the last term from Tecumseh Tribe, No. 5, or even an answer to any of my letters, though the last one was registered to insure its receipt by the C. of R."

The Great Chief of Records made the following recommendations:

1st. That the Card Catalogue system, as inaugurated by the G. C. of R., be approved and adopted.

2nd. That the report blank in connection therewith be approved and adopted, and Tribes be required to report in accordance therewith.

3rd. That each Tribe be required to place on file with the G. C. of R. a copy of their by-laws in printed form.

4th. That the price schedule of supplies as printed in the first records be approved and adopted.

5th. That the G. C. of R. be forbidden to furnish or supply any individual members of the Order with any supplies whatever, except it be a question book and necessary literature for the purpose of instituting new Tribes and charter supplies to new Tribes, and to Tribes only when ordered under the seal of the Tribe, and in no case unless paid for when ordered, in current funds.

These five recommendations were reviewed by the committee on the state of the Order, approved by them and were then adopted by the Great Council.

The following statistics are drawn from the report of the Great Chief of Records: Whole number of members at time of institution, 623; adopted since, 525; admitted by card, 3; reinstated, 2; suspended, 7; withdrawn, 4; number of members in Tribe failing to report, 17; whole number at present time, 1,125; rejected, 19; Past Sachems, 76; Past Great Sachems, 3; Tribes at institution, 10; Tribes instituted, 2; Tribes failing to report, 1; Tribes in good standing, 11; balance in hands of Great Keeper of Wampum, $117.02.

The Great Sachem appointed the following committees:

On State of the Order-H. H. Wilson, No. 1; J. W. McKibben, No. 6; W. C. Pelham, No. 3.

On Charters-Charles A. Lang, No. 8; R. Eason, No. 1; D. P. Ort, No. 3.

On Grievances-John I. Winter, No. 6; J. R. McConnell, No. 1; L. E. Pearce, No. 4.

The long talks of the various Great Chiefs were referred to the proper committees.

Telegrams of congratulation were ordered sent to the various Great Councils holding concurrent councils.

A special committee was appointed to make arrangements for having the Great Council photographed.

The Committee on Law and Usage recommended that the various dispensations granted by the Great Sachem be approved, and they also reported having approved of the by-laws of several Tribes, and the report of the committee was concurred in.

The Committee on Charters recommended that charters be issued to Shawnee Tribe, No. 9, at Louisville, and Mohican Tribe, No. 11, at Bowling Green, which was approved.

The Committee on Returns and Reports reported having examined the reports of the various Tribes, and finding them correct in the main, recommended that they be approved, and the report was concurred in.

The Finance Committee reported having examined the reports of the Great Chief of Records and the Great Keeper of Wampum and found them correct, and their report was concurred in.

The Mileage Committee reported the mileage account of the Great Chiefs and Representatives, and their report was approved and warrants for the payment of the same were ordered drawn.

The election of Great Chiefs resulted as follows:

J. R. McConnell, No. 1 Great Sachem

W. E. Fite, No. 6 Great Senior Sagamore

John I. Winter, No. 6 Great Junior Sagamore

J. B. Mendenhall, No. 6 Great Prophet

Frank L. Smith, No. 1 Great Chief of Records

John Armstrong, No. 1 Great Keeper of Wampum

Thos. M. Russell Gt. Rep. to G. C. U. S. for 1 great sun

The Great Sachem-elect made the following appointments:

R. Eason, No. 1 Great Sannap

W. C. Diederich, No. 19 Great Mishinewa

N. Feagan, No. 6 Great Guard of Wigwam

J. W. Scobee, No. 2 Great Guard of Forest

The foregoing were duly raised up at the proper time by Past Great Sachem J. Hull Davidson, of No. 4.

It was voted that the Great Council kindle its next council fire in the wigwam of Osceola Tribe, No. 19, at Ashland.

Great Sachem Mendenhall took occasion to officially thank Paughcaughnaughsinque Tribe, No. 6, for its munificent gift of a Past Great Sachem's jewel in a few well chosen words.

The matter of the solution of the financial problem for the ensuing six moons was referred to a special committee as follows: John D. Walker, of No. 4; Chas. A. Lang, of No. 8; R. Eason, of No. 1.

It was voted that the Great Representatives be instructed to vote for and use their influence in favor of the anti-saloon law before the Great Council of the United States. Rep. Chas. A. Lang, of No. 8, wished to be recorded as voting nay.

The Special Committee on Finance recommended that the Great Chiefs be instructed to borrow five hundred fathoms to meet the necessary demands upon the Great Council, and their recommendation was adopted.

It was ordered that the Great Chiefs take immediate steps to incorporate the Great Council of Kentucky.

Rep. Chas. A. Lang, of No. 8, presented a complaint from Cherokee Tribe, No. 8, regarding the disposition of the fees collected from charter members of that Tribe, and it was ordered that the whole matter of the investigation of the differences between the Louisville Tribes and the Great Council of Kentucky be referred to the incoming Committee on Appeals and Grievances.

The bonds of the Great Chief of Records and the Great Keeper of Wampum were presented and approved.

The following resolution was adopted:

Resolved: That organizers of Tribes in this reservation shall be allowed as commission and fee for services rendered in institution, one-half the fees collected from charter members, the said fee to be for his own use, and all other wampum collected, after deducting the necessary expenses of institution, such as traveling expenses of instituting chiefs, charter fee, etc., shall be paid into the wampum belt of the Tribe by the organizer, and he shall make an itemized statement of said expenses.

The following resolution was also adopted by a unanimous rising vote:

Resolved: That the thanks of the Great Council be extended to Paughcaughnaughsinque Tribe, No. 6, for the use of their wigwam for the meeting of this Great Council, for the very efficient manner in which its members have entertained the members of this body, and to the kind ladies and citizens of Augusta for the elegant banquet given, as well as for all the numerous courtesies which we have received at their hands. We beg leave to assure them, one and all, who have in any way contributed to our pleasure while in their midst, that we shall ever look back with pleasure to our meeting in their beautiful city.

Great Sachem McConnell announced the following appointments on standing committees for the ensuing great sun:

Finance-Conrad Gensler, No. 19; J. Hull Davidson, No. 4; John I. Winter, No. 6.

Law and Usage-W. C. Diederich, No. 19; W. E. Fite, No. 6; Willie Walker, No. 1.

Returns and Reports-Chas. A. Lang, No. 8; R. Eason, No. 1; Thos. Cassida, No. 19.

Appeals and Grievances-L. E. Pearce, No. 4; Thos. M. Russell, No. 3; R. W. Jones, No. 2.

The council fire was then quenched, to be rekindled in the wigwam of Osceola Tribe, No. 19, at Ashland, at the 10th run, rising of the 11th sun of Flower Moon, G. S. D. 406.

1897.

THIRD GREAT SUN COUNCIL.

The third Great Sun Council fire of the Great Council of Kentucky was kindled in the wigwam of Osceola Tribe, No. 19, on the 11th sun of Flower Moon, G. S. D. 406, at the 10th run, 30th breath, rising of the sun, Great Sachem J. R. McConnell presiding. All Great Chiefs were present except John Armstrong, Great Keeper of Wampum, and N. Feagan, Great Guard of Wigwam.

The Great Sachem made the following appointments, pro tem:

Great Guard of the Wigwam, John D. Walker, No. 4.

Great Keeper of Wampum, Mat. M. Gay, No. 18.

The Great Junior Sagamore reported the credentials of the following named Past Sachems as being in proper form, and they being in waiting were introduced and instructed in the Great Council Degree.

Miantonomo, No. 1-W. B. Eason.

Onequa, No. 2-J. W. Shearer.

Wyandotte, No. 3-Frank H. Bromley.

Winona, No. 4-C. M. Chasteen.

Paughcaughnaughsinque, No. 6-Geo. H. Bandle.

Hiawatha, No. 7-H. C. Rhodes, J. G. Sewell.

Cherokee, No. 8-Chas. D. Meyer, James Schrepper, Albert Spies, Herman V. Cohn.

Shawnee, No. 9-Wm. A. Crader, Louis Vissman.

Mohican, No. 11-T. B. Wright.

Totewa, No. 14-John Hafendorfer.

Calumet, No. 18-Matt. M. Gay.

Osceola, No. 19-C. E. Horrocks, J. F. Horstman, Thos. F. Cassida, M. A. Rodgers.

The records of the previous Great Council were approved as printed.

The Great Sachem then read his long talk. Therein he reported the institution of the following Tribes.

Iroquois Tribe, No. 12-at Hopkinsville, on the 28th of Flower Moon, G. S. D. 405.

Totewa Tribe, No. 14, at Owensboro, on the 4th of Buck Moon, G. S. D. 405.

Otego Tribe, No. 15, at Paducah, on the 21st of Sturgeon Moon, G. S. D. 405.

Seminole Tribe, No. 16, at Henderson, on the 25th of Sturgeon Moon, G. S. D. 405.

Calumet Tribe, No. 18, at Mt. Sterling, on the 14th of Hunting Moon, G. S. D. 405.

Choctaw Tribe, No. 20, at Corbin, on the 22nd of Plant Moon, G. S. D. 406.

A list of 128 questions had been propounded to the Great Sachem by Miantonomo Tribe, No. 1, to which he made answers in his long talk, and they were reviewed by the Committee on Law and Usage, approving the Great Sachem's decisions in most cases and altering and reversing them in some instances. These decisions formed the digest of the Great Council of Kentucky at that time.

The Great Sachem said: "Having received due notice that Brother J. B. Mendenhall, of Paughcaughnaughsinque Tribe, No. 6, had been expelled from all rights and privileges of said Tribe, I declared his office of Great Prophet and Great Representative to the G. C. U. S. vacant and appointed P. G. S. Thos. A. Hornsey, of No. 1, as Great Prophet, and Past Sachem Chas. A. Land, of No. 8, as Great Representative to the G. C. U. S.

On the 7th sun of Plant Moon I learned that Seminole Tribe, No. 16, had ceased to kindle its council fire, and was contemplating disposing of their rituals to pale faces. I therefore appointed Bro. G. B. Vargason, of Totewa Tribe, No. 14, as a special Deputy to visit Henderson and arrest their dispensation and secure all property of said Tribe, and to get possession of rituals at all hazards."

The Great Sachem also reported the expulsion of E. G. Van Zandt, of Hiawatha Tribe, No. 7.

He reported a list of dispensations granted, which were approved by the Great Council, after having been reviewed by the proper committee.

He also said: "On the second sun of Corn Moon, 405, I received appeal of E. G. Van Zandt from the action of Hiawatha Tribe, No. 7, in expelling him from the Order, which I have referred to the Board of Appeals. Also that of J. B. Mendenhall, from Paughcaughnaughsinque Tribe, No. 6, which is in the hands of the Board of Appeals for their consideration.

During the past great sun one Tribe has ceased to kindle its council fire, that of Tecumseh Tribe, No. 5. Heroic efforts were made by Great Chief of Records F. L. Smith to keep their council fire burning, but to no purpose."

Among the recommendations made by the Great Sachem were the following:

"That this Great Council define explicitly what is the legitimate expenses of organizer in instituting Tribes." This matter was referred to a special committee, who reported a code of rules to govern organizers for the ensuing great sun, and to come up for consideration as an amendment to the by-laws of the Great Council at the next Great Sun Council.

"That Section 1, Article XVII, of the Constitution of Tribes be amended so as to read as follows: 'No person shall be adopted into a Tribe of the Order, except a free white male, of good moral character and standing, and of the full age of eighteen great suns.'" This matter was discussed at some length, and the Great Sachem finally ruled that it must lay over one great sun and would be in order at the next Great Sun Council.

"That the Chiefs of Records of this reservation be more prompt in forwarding their six moons' reports and per capita tax to the Great Chief of Records, immediately after the 31st sun, Worm Moon, and 30th of Corn moon of each six moons." This recommendation was concurred in by the Great Council.

"That Past Sachems be required to procure and wear regalia according to their rank as Past Sachems in this Great Council," and this recommendation was adopted.

"That the decisions of this Great Council be adopted as a code and digest for the government of Tribes in this reservation," which was agreed to.

"As new Tribes, after being instituted, are so often left with but a faint idea of the workings of the Order, that the Great Sachem, or some one properly qualified, visit them at least within six moons after institution, to instruct them in the work, or designate some Past Sachem for this work when he cannot do it himself." The recommendation was adopted.

"I recommend that the dispensation issued to Seminole Tribe, No. 16, be revoked, and that the incoming Great Sachem take proper steps to receive and recover all books and paraphernalia belonging to the Tribe, and the same measure in regard to Iroquois Tribe, No. 12." The subject matter was referred to the incoming Great Sachem with instructions to endeavor to revive the council brands before arresting the dispensations.

The following extracts are made from the report of the Great Chief of Records:

"I am pleased to report that there has been a marked improvement in the matter of reports from Tribes, yet several of the reports received are neither complete nor correct. As the Tribes and chiefs become more accustomed to their duties I believe this matter will adjust itself. The card catalogue is now nearly complete, containing the names of members of every Tribe in the reservation to date except Iroquois, No. 12, and Choctaw, No. 20. No report has ever been received from No. 12 at Hopkinsville, and communications from brothers in those hunting grounds lead me to believe the Tribe is defunct. I received a report from Seminole Tribe, No. 16, of Henderson, for the term ending 30th of Corn Moon last, but no tax, there being none due from them at that time. Since then I have been unable to get any communication from their Chief of Records. Otego Tribe, No. 15, of Paducah, has made no report for the last six moons' term, and repeated speaking leaves to its C. of R. during the past moon have elicited no response. I have no other intimation that the Tribe is not in good condition.

At the last Great Sun Council I was empowered to have the Great Council incorporated, and the same has been done, and the articles legally recorded. Herewith I append the incorporation papers:"

Articles of Incorporation.

These Articles of Incorporation, formed and entered into to incorporate The Great Council of Kentucky of the Improved Order of Red Men, of the State of Kentucky, an order instituted for the purpose of affording relief to such of its members as may be suffering from sickness, distress or other causes, for the furtherance of the general welfare of the members thereof, for the better government of the Order, and for the more effectual accomplishment of the charitable objects which are to be furthered by the Order and this corporation.

1.-The name of the corporation shall be the Great Council of Kentucky of the Improved Order of Red Men.

2.-The object for which this corporation is formed is to perpetuate the legal existence of the Great Council of Kentucky of the Improved Order of Red Men, to have a corporation with the legal capacity to sue and be sued, to contract with and be contracted with, to pass the necessary laws for the government of the Tribes belonging to and under the jurisdiction of this Great Council, to purchase, hold, mortgage and sell real personal property, to incur debt sufficient to carry out its purposes, and to afford relief to such of its members as may be in distress, and to accomplish charitable aims as are consistent with the constitution and continued existence of the Improved Order of Red Men.

3.-Its principal office shall be located in the city of Lexington, county of Fayette, State of Kentucky.

4.-The private property of the members of the corporation shall not be subject to the debts of the corporation.

5.-No stock or shares shall be issued, and no dividends or profits shall be divided.

6.-The existence of the corporation shall commence from the signing of these articles and the filing of same in the office of the Secretary of State of Kentucky; and the corporation shall continue in existence for a period of 25 years.

7.-The officers of this corporation for the present shall be J. R. McConnell, of Lexington, Great Sachem; W. E. Fite, of Augusta, Great Senior Sagamore; John I. Winter, of Augusta, Great Junior Sagamore; J. B. Mendenhall, Great Prophet; Frank L. Smith, of Lexington, Great Chief of Records; and John Armstrong, of Lexington, Great Keeper of Wampum; and they shall hold their offices for such terms as the corporation may by by-laws determine, and until their successors are elected in accordance with the said by-laws.

8.-That the said corporation shall from time to time establish, make and put into execution such constitution, by-laws, rules and regulations as may be passed from time to time by the Great Council, and may revoke, annul, alter and amend them at pleasure, provided that they be not repugnant to the constitution and laws of the United States, or of the State of Kentucky, or to the provisions of this act.

9.-That these articles be formed and this corporation made for the benefit of all persons who are now members in good standing of the Great Council of Kentucky of the Improved Order of Red Men, in the State of Kentucky, and they shall be members of said corporation without any further act on the part of those who sign these articles, and for their benefit from this corporation.

Signed and acknowledged this 16th day of June, 1896.

J. R. McConnell, Great Sachem.

W. E. Fite, Great Senior Sagamore.

John I. Winter, Great Junior Sagamore.

J. B. Mendenhall, Great Prophet.

Frank L. Smith, Great Chief of Records.

John Armstrong, Great Keeper of Wampum.

The Great Chief of Records, continuing his report, said: "On the 24th of Hunting Moon, G. S. D. 405, I received the charter and effects of Tecumseh Tribe, No. 5, of Harrodsburg. At the last Great Council the Great Chiefs were authorized to borrow five hundred fathoms. No such loan was ever negotiated, and the G. C. of R. and the G. K. of W. were left to adjust matters as best they could. I issued Great Council notes to creditors to the total amount of $376.50, all of which are now paid, and the Great Council now has a small balance in its wampum belt, with all debts paid. Following are the statistics of the Order in this reservation to close of term ending 31st Worm Moon, G. S. D. 406:

Whole number of members as per last report, 1,142; adopted since last report, 468; reinstated, 2; admitted by card, 17; suspended, 204; expelled, 4; withdrawn, 24; deceased, 9; present membership, 1,388; gain, 246; rejected, 17; Past Sachems, 116; Past Great Sachems, 4; number of Tribes at last report, 11; Tribes instituted, 6; defunct, 1; whole number of Tribes, 16; Tribes making no report, 3; Tribes in good standing, 13; balance in Great Council Wampum belt, $73.04."

The Board of Appeals reported that they had carefully examined the appeal of E. G. Van Zandt from the action of Hiawatha Tribe in expelling him, and sustained the action of the Tribe. Also in the appeal of J. B. Mendenhall, from the action of Paughcaughnaughsinque Tribe, No. 6, in expelling him, the committee made the same finding.

A new law was proposed providing for the consolidation of two or more Tribes in the same hunting grounds.

The Finance Committee recommended, "That this Great Council issue mileage vouchers to the Representatives and Great Chiefs entitle to same, said mileage vouchers to be turned in as per capita tax by the Tribe of which the brother is a member," which was agreed to.

The Committee on Charters recommended that charters be issued to the following Tribes:

Calumet Tribe, No. 18, of Mt. Sterling.

Choctaw Tribe, No. 20, Corbin.

Totewa Tribe, No. 14, Owensboro.

The Great Council then proceeded to the nomination and election of Great Chiefs, which resulted as follows, and they were raised with impressive ceremonies at the proper time by Past Great Sachem Thomas A. Hornsey.

W. E. Fite, of No. 6 Great Sachem

John I. Winter, of No. 6 Great Senior Sagamore

W. C. Diederich, of No. 19 Great Junior Sagamore

J. R. McConnell, of No. 1 Great Prophet

Frank L. Smith, of No. 1 Great Chief of Records

John D. Walker, of No. 4 Great Keeper of Wampum

Great Sachem Fite announced the following as Appointive Chiefs:

J. W. Scobee, of No. 2 Great Sannap

H. C. Rhodes, of No. 7 Great Mishinewa

Fred J. Kramer, of No. 19 Great Guard of Wigwam

John Hafendorfer, of No. 14 Great Guard of the Forest

Thomas M. Russell, of No. 3 Great Rep. to G. C. U. S.

An amendment to the general laws was proposed providing for a penalty for Tribes failing to make reports in accordance with the law.

An amendment to the general laws was proposed to reduce the per capita tax.

Much time was taken in the discussion of the many decisions of the Great Sachem, and they were finally adopted with some changes.

The Finance Committee then made the following report: "We have carefully examined that portion of Frank L. Smith's report which properly comes to our committee, and find the same true and correct-all vouchers being attached. We find the books and accounts of this Great Chief in excellent shape and we tender him our thanks for his help rendered this committee by the simplicity and fullness of his books and accounts and vouchers. We recommend the adoption of the Great Chief of Records' report. We have carefully examined the books and vouchers of the Great Keeper of Wampum, and find the same correct, and recommend the adoption of his report with this exception: We advise that the note dated Jan. 20, 1897, payable to the Elite Stationery Co., for $135.25, and on which there appears a credit of $85.00, be referred to the incoming Finance Committee." Action on the foregoing report was deferred until after the report of the Committee on State of the Order had been received.

The Committee on State of the Order recommended that the reports of the Great Chief of Records and the Great Keeper of Wampum be referred to the incoming Finance Committee for careful investigation, which was agreed to.

The following resolution was offered, which was made a special act for the ensuing great sun, to be considered at the next Great Council as an amendment to the general laws:

Resolved: That the Great Sachem, and he for his Deputy, give a bond to the amount of $500.00 with three good signatures, for the faithful performance and settlement of all expenses in organizing Tribes in this reservation.

An amendment to the constitution governing Tribes was proposed reducing the minimum age for eligibility to membership to 18 great suns.

The point was raised that at the last Great Council the salary of the Great Chief of Records was raised to three hundred fathoms, and that the act was not regular, it requiring an amendment to the by-laws to apply, and that the resolution would not hold for the next great sun. The Great Sachem ruled the point well taken, and on motion it was voted that the salary of the Great Chief of Records for the ensuing great sun be one hundred fathoms.

An amendment was offered to increase the salary of the Great Chief of Records to two hundred fathoms.

A special dispensation was ordered issued to Miami Tribe, No. 17, permitting said Tribe to kindle its council fires once each moon.

A special committee was appointed to formulate a code of laws to govern the organization of new Tribes.

It was unanimously voted to accept the invitation of Onequa Tribe, No. 2, of Winchester, to kindle the next Great Sun Council fire in its wigwam.

A vote of thinks was extended to Osceola Tribe, No. 19, for its hospitality in entertaining the Great Council.

The special committee on formulation of laws governing organizers presented a report embracing a code of laws, which was adopted for the ensuing great sun, to be considered at the next Great Council as an amendment to the general laws.

The Great Sachem announced the following appointments of standing committees:

Finance-Chas. D. Meyer, of No. 8; C. M. Chasteen, of No. 4; L. E. Pearce, of No. 4.

Law and Usage-W. C. Pelham, of No. 3; C. E. Lyddane, of No. 2; O. R. King, of No. 1.

Returns and Reports-H. C. Rhodes, of No. 7; Willie Walker, of No. 1; Charles A. Lang, of No. 8.

Board of Appeals-T. B. Wright, of No. 11; Watt. M. Gay, of No. 18; Charles A. Lang, of No. 8.

The council fire was then quenched, to be rekindled in the wigwam of Onequa Tribe, No. 2, hunting grounds of Winchester, at the 10th run, rising of the 10th sun of Flower Moon, G. S. D. 407.

1898.

FOURTH GREAT SUN COUNCIL.

The fourth Great Sun Council fire of the Great Council of Kentucky was kindled in the wigwam of Onequa Tribe, No. 2, hunting grounds of Winchester, at the 10th run, rising sun of the 10th sun of Flower Moon, G. S. D. 407, all the elective Great Chiefs being present. Great Sachem W. E. Fite presided.

The Great Junior Sagamore reported the credentials of the following named Past Sachems as being correct, and they being in the forest were introduced and received the Great Council Degree:

Miantonomo, No. 1-H. A. Daniel.

Onequa, No. 2-M. E. Pearce, H. Lundberg.

Wyandotte, No. 3-J. Harry Richardson.

Winona, No. 4-F. M. Taylor, J. J. Finigan.

Paughcaughnaughsinque, No. 6-W. G. Knoedler.

Hiawatha, No. 7-J. W. Jarboe.

Cherokee, No. 8-G. W. Hinesley.

Shawnee, No. 9-B. W. Bierbaum.

Mohican, No. 11-J. C. Willett

Totewa, No. 14-Charles Oderman, H. W. Miller.

Calumet, No. 18-R. A. Chiles.

Osceola, No. 19-Ed Ballard.

Indianola, No. 21-W. A. B. McNutt.

Representatives' credentials were recognized from Tribes Nos. 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, 11, 18, 13, 21.

The Great Sachem appointed the following committees:

On Charters-Thos. A. Hornsey, of No. 1; H. V. Cohn, of No. 8; R. W. Jones, of No. 2.

State of the Order-Frank L. Smith, of No. 1; Ben C. Nunn, of No. 14; R. Eason, of No. 1.

The minutes of the previous Great Council were approved as printed.

The Great Sachem in his long talk said: "I have no flattering report to make; yet I thank the Great Spirit and many loyal brothers that the Order is in as good condition as it is, for Redmanship in Kentucky has had a fight for existence, instead of being buoyed up by the strong hand of co-operation and fraternal love."

He reported that on the 7th of Hunting Moon, 406, he received the resignation of Frank L. Smith as Great Chief of Records, which he accepted, and appointed Chas. D. Meyer, of No. 8, to fill out the unexpired term, and that Bro. Meyer qualified and was raised on the 11th sleep of Cold Moon in the wigwam of Cherokee Tribe, No. 8.

"While I have the honor of reporting to you but one new Tribe, yet I feel that one good Tribe is worth half a dozen that after a short time become a burden and a worry to the Great Council to keep them alive. On the sleep of the 9th sun, Buck Moon, G. S. D. 406, aided by our Great Senior Sagamore, Bro. John I. Winter, and the degree team of Paughcaughnaughsinque Tribe, No. 6, I instituted Indianola Tribe, No. 21, at Minerva, with 24 charter members."

The Great Sachem recounted a list of dispensations granted and visitations made, showing that he had sat around the council fire of nearly every Tribe in the reservation.

He made the following recommendations:

That a charter be granted to Indianola Tribe, No. 21, at Minerva. Agreed to.

That immediate and definite action be taken in regard to Otego Tribe, No. 15, at Paducah; Iroquois Tribe, No. 12, at Hopkinsville, and Seminole Tribe, No. 16, at Henderson, as it is possible to save one or more of these Tribes if this Great Council sees fit to take the steps necessary to do so. It was ordered that the incoming Great Sachem visit these Tribes and endeavor to relight their council brands, and that an appropriation of 90 fathoms be made to cover his expenses.

"That this Great Council take such steps as will in the future prevent the organization of new Tribes and leaving them bankrupt. Too much attention cannot be given to this." With reference to this recommendation the Great Council at the proper time passed a code of laws governing the organization of new Tribes.

The Finance Committee reported as follows:

"We have examined the books and accounts of the Great Chief of Records, Chas. D. Meyers, and the Great Keeper of Wampum, John D. Walker, and find the same correct up to date. We recommend that the Great Chief of Records have a new set of books gotten up at the expense of the Great Council." They also recommended the payment of current accounts and mileage of Representatives and Great Chiefs, all of which was concurred in.

The amendment proposed at the previous Great Council providing for the giving of a bond by the Great Sachem in the sum of five hundred fathoms was brought up by the Committee on Law and Usage and decided to be inexpedient and unnecessary.

Laws governing the organization of new Tribes were adopted, which are in force at the present time and a part of the general laws.

The Committee on Law and Usage reported favorably on the following amendment to the general laws, and recommended its adoption, but the records do not show that any action was ever taken in the matter: "That the Great Chief of Records shall receive for his services the sum of two hundred fathoms per great sun, to be paid monthly."

The Committee on Law and Usage reported adversely on the proposed amendment to admit pale faces of eighteen great suns of age, and their recommendation was adopted and the proposed law defeated.

It was moved and seconded that Councils of the Degree of Pocahontas be allowed representation in this Great Council, but that the Representatives must be Past Sachems and pay their own expenses, but the motion was tabled.

The Great Council was invited to kindle its next Great Sun Council fire in the hunting grounds of Louisville, and the invitation was unanimously accepted.

It was moved and seconded that "Our Representatives to the Great Council of the United States be instructed to vote against any liquor legislation," but the question was laid on the table.

The following amendment to the general laws was proposed to lay over one Great Sun for action: "Resolved: That the by-laws be changed by striking out Section 4, Article XX." This would have the effect of relieving Councils of the Degree of Pocahontas from paying per capita tax.

An amendment was proposed, to lay over one great sun for action, providing for the election of Great Chiefs on the second sun of the great sun session instead of the first.

It was voted that the Great Keeper of Wampum be authorized to borrow the necessary amount to pay the running expenses for the ensuing year.

Great Representative Thomas M. Russell, of No. 3, presented a report, from which we extract the following:

"The question of importance to our Great Council at the late session of the Great Council of the United States was the action of the Committee on Appeals in the Van Zandt case, which decision will be found in the records of the G. C. U. S. of G. S. D. 406, page 493, in which they sustain Mr. Van Zandt's appeal, giving as a reason for so doing that he did not receive the notices of the charges. I personally talked to Brother Gregory, chairman of the committee, and while he believed that Van Zandt had committed things unbecoming a Red Man, he said that the law was very plain and they could not deviate from it."

The following is extracted from the report of the Great Chief of Records:

Number of members at last report, 1,174. adopted, 76; admitted by card, 9; reinstated, 23; suspended, 109: withdrawn, 16; expelled, 1; deceased, 3; present membership, 1,209; gain since last report, 38; pale faces rejected, 1; amount in Great Council wampum belt, $252.42.

Brother C. C. Conley, Great Chief of Records of the Great Council of the United States, was then introduced and received with the usual honors. After an appropriate address he proceeded to raise the elective and appointive Great Chiefs as follows:

John I. Winter, of No. 6 Great Sachem

W. C. Diederich, of No. 19 Great Senior Sagamore

Willie Walker, of No. 1 Great Junior Sagamore

W. E. Fite, of No. 6 Great Prophet

C. E. Lyddane, of No. 2 Great Chief of Records

John D. Walker, of No. 4 Great Keeper of Wampum

H. V. Cohn, of No. 8 Great Sannap

Louis Vissman, of No. 9 Great Mishinewa

E. E. Bennett, of No. 11 Great Guard of Forest

John Hafendorfer, of No. 14 Great Guard of Wigwam

Enos Spencer, of No. 8 Great Rep. to G. C. U. S.

The Great Sachem announced the standing committees as follows:

Finance-W. S. Roberts, of No. 7; C. M. Chasteen, of No. 4; Louis Vissman, of No. 9.

Law and Usage-W. C. Pelham, of No. 3; E. E. Bennett, of No. 11; Ben C. Nunn, of No. 14.

State of the Order-G. A. Ellerkamp, of No. 9; George Hinesley, of No. 8; Samuel G. Dorr, of No. 11.

Returns and Reports-H. C. Rhodes, of No. 7; T. B. Wright, of No. 11; H. W. Ray, of No. 3.

Board of Appeals-L. E. Pearce, of No. 4; J. G. Sewell, of No. 7; George Dehler, of No. 8.

Appropriate resolutions of thanks were then adopted thanking Onequa Tribe, No. 2, for its hospitality and Brother C. C. Conley for his distinguished services and counsel during the burning of the council brand.

The council fire was then quenched, to be rekindled in the hunting grounds of Louisville, at the 10th run, rising of the 9th sun of Flower Moon, G. S. D. 408.

1899.

FIFTH GREAT SUN COUNCIL.

The fifth Great Sun Council fire of the Great Council of Kentucky, Improved Order of Red Men, was kindled in the wigwam of Cherokee Tribe, No. 8, in the hunting grounds of Louisville, on the 9th sun of the Flower Moon, G. S. D. 408.

Representatives were present from Tribes Nos. 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, 11, 14, 18, 19, 21.

Alonzo Walker was appointed official stenographer to report the proceedings of this Great Council.

The following named Past Sachems were admitted for the first time:

Hiawatha, No. 7-S. O. Knoche, W. B. Leatherman, J. W. Jarbee, M. M. Harbeson.

Cherokee, No. 8-L. S. Leopold, W. S. Marshall, H. W. Stockhoff, L. P. Rammers.

Shawnee, No. 9-J. C. Boardman, H. W. Bohmer, B. W. Bierbaum, W. M. Evans, G. A. Ellerkamp, E. M. Miller.

Mohican, No. 11-J. L. Small.

Totewa, No. 14-B. Rosenthall, H. W. Miller.

Osceola, No. 19-C. A. Malone.

The minutes of the previous Great Council were approved as printed.

The Great Sachem then presented his long talk, in which he said: "The Great Book says that whom the Great Spirit loves he chasteneth; the Red Men of Kentucky certainly stand very close to the big heart of the Great Spirit, having been greatly tried in the fires of ignorance, stupidity and greed. But, brothers, methinks I see behind the dark cloud that has long enveloped Kentucky Redmanship a silver lining, denoting the rising of the sun of prosperity. I believe the dross has been separated from the gold; I believe the day is not far distant when I shall see Kentucky Redmanship where it belongs numerically. To see my beloved Order on its proper plane in Kentucky will amply repay me for many weary day's labor in our vineyard."

The Great Sachem then recounted the appointments made and dispensations granted by him, as well as the decisions he had made, all of which were referred to the proper committees, as were also the long talks of the Great Chief of Records and the Great Keeper of Wampum.

The Committee on Law and Usage reported recommending that the Great Council concur in and adopt the recommendations of the Great Sachem, and the report was agreed to.

The amendment to the by-laws proposed at the last session, relieving Councils of the Degree of Pocahontas from taxation, was adopted.

The following proposed amendment was the cause of much discussion, but was finally defeated by a small margin:

"No brother shall be eligible to the Chieftaincy of Great Sachem unless he has served one term as an elective Chief of a Great Council; nor to the Chieftaincy of Great Prophet unless he has served in the Chieftaincy of Great Sachem."

An attempt was made to change the date for kindling the Great Sun Council fire, but without success.

The incoming Great Sachem was directed to take immediate steps to close up the affairs of Iroquois, Otego and Seminole Tribes, they each being reported defunct.

The Finance Committee made its report approving the accounts of the Great Chief of Records and Great Keeper of Wampum, and ordered mileage that was to be paid those entitled thereto. The committee strongly recommended that the Great Sachem visit every Tribe in the reservation.

Lexington was selected as the next hunting grounds in which to kindle the Great Sun Council fire.

A rising vote of thanks was extended to Great Chief of Records Lyddane for having waited until there was sufficient wampum in the belt before drawing his salary, in order that the per capita tax might be paid promptly.

The Committee on the State of the Order made its report, in which it noted the fact that there had been a diminution in the membership for the past great sun, but that, notwithstanding, the Order was in a healthy and vigorous condition. It recommended that the incoming Great Chiefs be more zealous in making official visitations.

Amendments to the general laws were offered, to lay over one great sun, to "admit pale faces 18 great suns of age," and also to grade the representation of Tribes according to their membership.

Bro. T. A. Hornsey, as the Senior Past Great Sachem present, raised the following named Great Chiefs:

W. C. Diederich, of No. 19 Great Sachem

Willie Walker, of No. 1 Great Senior Sagamore

Gustav A. Ellerkamp, of No. 9 Great Junior Sagamore

John I. Winter, of No. 3 Great Prophet

C. E. Lyddane, of No. 2 Great Chief of Records

John D. Walker, of No. 4 Great Keeper of Wampum

John Hafendorfer, of No. 14 Great Sannap

E. E. Bennett, of No. 11 Great Mishinewa

James Schrepper, of No. 8 Great Guard of Forest

R. A. Chiles, of No. 18 Great Guard of Wigwam

Bro. H. C. Rhodes, of No. 7, Great Representative to the G. C. U. S. for two great suns.

Great Keeper of Wampum Walker announced that after all bills payable at this Great Council had been settled the wampum belt would be empty, but that there would be no debt.

After the Great Prophet had invoked the Great Spirit, the council fire was quenched.

SIXTH GREAT SUN COUNCIL.

1900.

A special session of the Great Council was called at Louisville on the 5th sun of Hunting Moon, G. S. D. 408, and the Council fire was kindled by special dispensation from the Great Incohonee in the absence of the Charter of the Great Council. Great Senior Sagamore Willie Walker presided.

The special session had been called for two purposes. First, to investigate charges that had been preferred against Great Sachem W. C. Diederich, accusing him of having conspired with certain organizers to do illegal acts, and to have otherwise acted in violation of the law respecting the organization and institution of Tribes. Second, to adjust a dissention among the chiefs and members of Hiawatha Tribe.

Representatives were present from Tribes Nos. 1, 4, 7, 8, 9, and 14.

After due investigation of the charges against Great Sachem Diederich, it was ordered that they be withdrawn, and the same being done, Great Sachem Diederich was conducted to his stump amidst applause.

The commissions of J. B. VanZandt and W. E. Fite as organizers were revoked.

After a thorough investigation of the affairs of Hiawatha Tribe, the same were adjusted, and the council fire of this special session was quenched.

Regular Session.

The sixth Great Sun Council Fire was kindled in the Hunting Grounds of Lexington, at the 10th run, rising of the 8th Sun of Flower Moon, G. S. D. 409.

All Great Chiefs were present and the representatives of 27 Tribes. The gross attendance was 95 Past Sachems.

Great Sachem W. C. Diederich then read his long talk, in which he said, "I entered upon the duties of the office with a firm determination to devote my best endeavor to the upbuilding of our beloved Order in the Great Reservation. Finding I had not much time to devote to the upbuilding of our Order, I had the pleasure of appointing Brother John B. VanZandt as my Organizer, and the progress he has made will be seen in his report. I have, during my term, had some unpleasantness. It has not all been smooth sailing, but now peace and harmony reign once more. I have tried to fulfil my obligations to the best of my ability and the Great Spirit has safely guided me through."

The Great Sachem reported having visited nearly every Tribe in the reservation, the institution of a number of new tribes, a few dispensations granted and decisions made.

The State Organizer, J. B. VanZandt reported the institution of 19 new tribes, as follows:-Hiokatoo, No. 5, Louisville; Wahoo, No. 10, Louisville; Wabee, No. 13, Louisville; Choctaw. No. 15, Louisville; Montezuma. No. 16, Louisville; Tecumseh, No. 12, Louisville; Mohawk, No. 20, Louisville; Chippewa, No. 22, Louisville; Delaware, No. 23, Lebanon; Black Hawk, No. 24, Springfield; Matamora, No. 25, St. Matthews; Wyoming, No. 26, Danville; Seneca, No. 27, Stanford; Dakota, No. 28, Junction City; Onondaga, No. 30, Lancaster; Manitou, No. 31, Eminence; Iroquois, No. 32, Pittsburg; Massasoit, No. 33, LaGrange; Montauk, No. 35, East Bernstadt.

Great Chief of Records C. E. Lyddane in his long talk said:-"In no other reservation has Redmanship increased to such an extent during the past great sun as in Kentucky. Council Fires have been kindled in the metropolis, in the country towns and in the mining villages." From his report is gleaned the following: Number of members adopted, 1015; reinstated, 29; Admitted by card, 10; suspended, 176; withdrawn, 34; expelled, 3; deceased, 9; present membership, 2018; number of working tribes, 36; amount disbursed by tribes for relief, $1,525.36; for funeral benefits, $343.00; for other purposes, $7,386.80; total worth of tribes, $9,247.06.

The Great Council then went into the election for Great Chiefs.

W. C. Diederich, of No. 19, was elected Great Prophet, there being no other nominations.

Willie Walker, of No. 1 was elected Great Sachem, no others being nominated.

G. A. Ellerkamp, of No. 9 was elected Great Senior Sagamore, with no other nominations.

W. C. Pelham, of No. 3 was elected Great Junior Sagamore, with O. R. King, of No. 1, S. C. Moore of No. 7 and John Ropke, of No. 8 also in nomination.

C. E. Lyddane, of No. 2 was elected Great Chief of Records without opposition.

John D. Walker, of No. 4 was elected Great Keeper of Wampum by acclamation.

Louis Vissman, of No. 9 was elected Great Representative to the Great Council of the United States for two great suns, E. E. Bennett, of No. 11 and J. R. McConnell, of No. 1 being also in nomination.

Danville was selected as the place for the kindling of the next council fire, Maysville and Owensboro being also in nomination.

A resolution was introduced and adopted to elect a General State Organizer.

After one of the most spirited races of the session, John Hafendorfer, of No. 14, was elected over J. B. VanZandt, of No. 9.

This was the first time an official Organizer had been selected by the Great Council, heretofore it having been considered entirely within the power of the Great Sachem to regulate the matter to suit himself, the theory being that the Great Sachem was the official Organizer, and it was his privilege to appoint such deputies as he thought proper.

An amendment to the laws was adopted permitting membership of palefaces 18 great suns of age, with the proviso that such applications should bear the endorsement of parent or guardian.

A resolution was offered providing for representation of tribes in the Great Council according to membership, but the matter was laid on the table.

Charters were ordered issued to all Tribes instituted during the previous great sun.

On the recommendation of the Committee on Returns and Reports it was ordered that in the future the organizer of a new Tribe shall file a written report of its institution within one moon thereafter.

On the recommendation of the Committee on the State of the Order it was ordered that no "Supervisory District Deputy Great Sachems having authority over tribal Deputies be appointed."

The following resolution was unanimously adopted:-"The roll of Great Chiefs and Representatives shall be called at the close of each sun's session and no brother shall be entitled to mileage unless he shall answer thereto."

It was also ordered that the Great Sachem be required to visit every Tribe in the Reservation at least once during his term, and the finance committee was directed to set aside an amount sufficient to cover expenses incurred. This would be quite an expensive matter if followed in the present day, and the Great Sachem's term would have to be extended to cover more than one sun or it would be impossible for him to comply with the law.

Past Sachem Frank L. Smith was allowed a small fee for his services as Assistant Great Chief of Records, being the first recognition of such a sub-chieftaincy.

The Great Sachem ruled that representatives of Tribes not having been instituted two moons and not having paid tax were not entitled to mileage. The fiscal great sun at that time ended the 30th of Worm Moon, and the Great Sun Council was held then as now the second Tuesday in Flower Moon, and but few tribes were thus deprived of mileage for their representatives.

The Finance Committee recommended the allowance of mileage to 38 Great Chiefs and Representatives, amounting to $161.70, an average of $5.22 to each.

The Great Sachem's expense account of $97.37 for the great sun was allowed.

A controversy between Tippecanoe Tribe, No. 29 and Hiawatha Tribe, No. 7, regarding a claim of the latter against the former that certain Hiawatha members had taken membership in Tippecanoe without leave or license was adjusted by ordering that such members take cards from Hiawatha Tribe. It would seem that the matter should have been settled in a different manner, as it is not possible for dual membership to exist, and the brothers in question were members of either one tribe or another, and as membership of a Red Man in another Tribe is impossible without the depositing of a card, it should have been ruled that the brothers were still members of Hiawatha Tribe and subject to its laws in every respect.

Past Great Sachem J. R. McConnell raised the following named Great Chiefs:-

Willie Walker, of No. 1 Great Sachem.

G. A. Ellerkamp, of No. 9 Great Senior Sagamore.

W. C. Diederich, of No. 19 Great Prophet.

C. E. Lyddane, of No. 2 Great Chief of Records.

John D. Walker, of No. 4 Great Keeper of Wampum.

W. B. Eason, of No. 1 Great Sannap.

Wm. A. Crader, of No. 9 Great Mishinewa.

M. M. Harbeson, of No. 7 Great Guard of Wigwam.

Geo. W. Griffith, of No. 11 Great Guard of Forest.

Past Great Sachem McConnell appointed Thos. M. Russell and Henry W. Ray, of No. 3, to raise the Great Junior Sagamore elect, W. C. Pelham, to his stump in the council chamber of his Tribe.

Former organizer J. B. VanZandt presented petitions for charters for Irondequoit Tribe, No. 38, at Hardinsburg and Choctaw Tribe, No. 39 at Bardstown, and it was ordered that charters be granted the tribes as soon as instituted.

Great Sachem Walker announced the appointment of the following committees:-

On Finance.-John M. Shely, of No. 1; Chas. A. Hess, of No. 10; J. M. Martin, of No. 2.

On Laws and Usage.-Ben. C. Nunn, of No. 14; E. E. Bennett, of No. 11; Frank L. Smith, of No 1.

On Returns and Reports.-Henry W. Ray, of No. 3; W. E. Grubbs, of No. 28; Michael Grau, of No. 17.

On Appeals.-Wm. M. Evans, of No. 9; R. A. Chiles, of No. 18; H. V. Cohn, of No. 8.

On State of the Order.-John Ropke, of No. 8; W. A. Waters, of No. 24; J. W. Scobee, of No. 2.

After thanks had been given to Miantonomo Tribe for its courteous entertainment of the Great Council, and to Past Great Sachem Diederich for his services as Great Sachem, the Great Prophet said a prayer, and the Council Fire was quenched.

SEVENTH GREAT SUN COUNCIL.

1901.

Prior to the kindling of the council fire, the Great Council was called to order at the Opera House by Past Sachem V. Freeman, chairman of the local committee, and after an invocation by the Rev. J. O. Vaught, in a few well chosen remarks he introduced the Hon. William Jennings Price, who delivered an address of welcome, which was a beautiful word picture. This was appropriately responded to by Great Sachem Willie Walker, after which the guests were dismissed and the Seventh Great Sun Council Fire of the Great Council of Kentucky was kindled in the Wigwam of Wyoming Tribe, No. 26, Hunting Grounds of Danville.

All of the Great Chiefs were present and twenty-six Past Sachems. Frank L. Smith was appointed Assistant Great Chief of Records.

The Great Council Degree was conferred upon forty-one Past Sachems in waiting, and thus the total attendance at the session was 78.

Representatives were present from 42 Tribes and but two were unrepresented.

Great Sachem Willie Walker, in his long talk said-"The past great sun has wrought most magnificent results and shows what human desire and harmonious action can accomplish. Where the banner of thirty-six Tribes and one council of the Degree of Pocahontas hung in the breeze, there now triumphantly floats, kissed by the winds of heaven, thirty-one additional emblems, and one of the Degree of Pocahontas." He may well have been proud of his record, for not until five great suns had passed was it even equaled. He also said-"One of the most exalted things a man can do is to succor the distressed, feed the hungry and clothe the poor, and especially to care for the widows and orphans. We should by all means begin a fund for the establishment of a Widows' and orphans' Home for our Order. I suggest that a committee of five be appointed to formulate a plan by which we can establish this fund and that they report at this Council." This was the first mention in the Great Council of Kentucky of this subject, soon destined to be one of the most important objects of legislation, and Great Sachem Walker has the credit of its inception.

After having made several other important recommendations, given a list of his appointments of Deputies, a digest of decisions and opinions rendered, he closes with a glowing tribute to deceased Past Sachems John R. Shely, of No. 1; R. W. Jones, of No. 2 and Joe Gast, of No. 18.

The Great Chief of Records Lyddane reported as follows:-

Adopted since last report, 1564; reinstated, 38; admitted by card, 23; suspended, 266; withdrawn, 69; expelled, 22; deceased, 28; present membership, 3,196. Disbursed by Tribes for relief, $3,921.43; for burial of the dead, $1,065.00; for other purposes, $15,025.86; total worth of tribes, $13,478.09.

Great Keeper of Wampum John D. Walker reported there being $1,851.64 in the Great Council wampum belt.

The Great Sachem made appointments on the standing Committees as follows, to fill vacancies:-

Finance-W. S. Cramer, of No. 1; Lawrence Leopold, of No. 8; L. Vissman, of No. 9.

Law and Usage-D. N. Zimmerman, of No. 4.

Appeals-H. S. Chase, of No. 28.

State of the Order-Henry Schwieters, of No. 8; J. R. McConnell, of No. 1; Jas. R. W. Smith, of No. 63.

Charters-R. F. Arnett, of No. 1; L. W. Zweydorf, of No. 7; S. T. Noe, of No. 24.

The following named Great Chiefs were elected for the ensuing great sun:-

Willie Walker, of No. 1 was elected Great Prophet without opposition.

Gustav A. Ellerkamp, of No. 9, was elected Great Sachem, there being no other nominations.

W. C. Pelham, of No. 3 was unanimously elected Great Senior Sagamore.

H. J. McFarlan, of No. 33, was elected Great Junior Sagamore, other candidates being E. B. Ryan, of No. 4; Lee W. Zweydorf, of No. 7; O. R. King, of No. 1.

C. E. Lyddane, of No. 2 was re-elected Great Chief of Records without opposition.

John D. Walker, of No. 4 was unanimously re-elected Great Keeper of Wampum.

Willie Walker, of No. 1, Lawrence S. Leopold, of No. 8 and John Hafendorfer, of No. 14 were elected Great Representatives to the Great Council of the United States.

It developed later that Kentucky was entitled to only two of the three Great Representatives elected, and thus credentials were not issued to Past Sachem Hafendorfer, he being the last to be elected.

F. W. Jones was unanimously elected State Organizer.

Owensboro was selected as the next place for kindling the Great Council Fire, in the Wigwam of Totewa Tribe, No. 14.

Great Sachem Willie Walker announced that contributions had been received from Kentucky Tribes for the relief of the sufferers from the Galveston flood amounting to $242.50, which had been forwarded to the Relief Committee.

GREAT COUNCIL OF KENTUCKY-SEVENTH SESSION. DANVILLE, MAY 14-15, 1901.

The Committee on Law and Usage recommended that there be some means adopted to bring about more uniformity in Tribal by-laws, and suggested that a model code be prepared as a guide to new tribes especially.

A resolution to amend the laws so as to allow Tribes representation according to membership was defeated.

Great Mishinewa Wm. A. Crader, for the special Committee appointed at the last Great Council to adjust the differences between Tecumseh Tribe, No. 29 and Hiawatha Tribe, No. 7 reported that the matter had been amicably settled.

Past Sachem John Hafendorfer, who had been elected State Organizer at the previous Great Sun Council presented a report, in which he stated he had appointed F. W. Jones as Chief Deputy Organizer, and that credit was due to Bro. Jones for the work that had been accomplished, thirty-one new Tribes having been instituted.

The Finance Committee reported having found the books and accounts of the Great Chief of Records and Great Keeper of Wampum correct, and made the following recommendations, all of which were concurred:-

That fifty fathoms be appropriated for the relief of the Galveston flood sufferers.

That mileage be allowed all members of Standing Committees. This was the first time members of the Standing Committees had been paid.

That the Great Sachem be authorized to appoint a State Exemplifier, and that $500.00 be appropriated for the use of the Great Sachem and the Exemplifier. The Great Sachem appointed Past Sachem Frank L. Smith, of No. 1 to this position, which he has held by re-appointment each Great Sun to the present time, 1908.

That a special Committee of three Past Sachems be appointed to investigate the matter of a Widows' and Orphans' Fund and report at the next Great Council. The Great Sachem appointed on this Committee, O. R. King, of No. 1; W. M. Evans, of No. 9; and H. V. Cohn, of No. 8, together with the incoming Great Sachem, ex-officio.

The Committee on Charters recommended that charters be issued to the following named tribes, they having been instituted during the past Great Sun: Cataraugus, No. 36, Livingston; Red Hawk, No. 40, Falmouth; Shabbona, No. 46; Somerset; Oconee, No. 47, Bloomfield; King Phillip, No. 48, Hustonville; Shingawassa, No. 50, Bardfordsville; Comanche, No. 51, New Haven; Ta wa-wa, No. 52, Vine Grove; Minewa, No. 53, Beaver Dam; Kentucky, No. 54, McHenry; Tioga, No. 55, Sturgis; Huron, No. 56, Versailles; Standwaitee, No. 57, Earlington; Blazing Arrow, No. 58, Madisonville; Sagwa, No. 59, Lawrenceburg; Otego, No. 60, Paducah; Wichita, No. 61, Mayfield; Waukee, No. 62, Fulton; Pequod, No. 63, Louisville; Lotowana, No. 64, Midway; Maumee, No. 65, Paris; Sagamore, No. 66, Hickman; Black Foot, No. 67, Frankfort. Juanita Council, No. 3, D. of P., Louisville. No charter was issued to Minetonka Tribe, No. 49, it being reported defunct.

It was reported that Shawnee Tribe, No. 9 and Tecumseh Tribe, No. 12, both of Louisville, had consolidated, and it was ordered that a charter be issued to the new Tribe as Tecumseh Tribe No. 9.

A resolution to establish the minimum fee for adoption and degrees at ten farthoms ($10.00) was defeated.

Upon the recommendation of the Finance Committee, mileage was allowed to Great Chiefs, representatives and members of standing committees, sixty in number, amounting to $473.50, being an average of $7.89 per capita.

An amendment to the general laws fixing the minimum fee for adoption at eight fathoms was presented to be considered at the next Great Council.

The contract for printing proceedings was awarded to A. J. Domeck, of Louisville, at 75 cents per page.

An amendment to the general laws providing for the election of Great Chiefs by the "Australian Ballot", all Past Sachems to participate, the election to take place in the wigwams of the various Tribes was presented to lay over one Great Sun. This proposed law was styled by its opponents the "Goebel" law of Redmanship.

It was ordered that portraits of all deceased Past Sachems, members of this Great Council, be printed in the records, together with a memorial.

The Great Chief of Records was instructed to prepare a roster of all members of the Great Council, to be kept in a book provided for that purpose, and to have it present at each Great Council.

It was the sense of the Great Council that the Great Council of the United States be invited to kindle its next Great Sun Council Fire in the Reservation of Kentucky.

Past Great Sachem J. R. McConnell raised the Great Chiefs elect, as follows:-

Gustav A. Ellerkamp, of No. 9 Great Sachem.

W. C. Pelham, of No. 3 Great Senior Sagamore.

H. J. McFarlan, of No. 33 Great Junior Sagamore.

Willie Walker, of No. 1 Great Prophet.

C. E. Lyddane, of No. 2 Great Chief of Records.

John D. Walker, of No. 4 Great Keeper of Wampum.

Upon assuming his stump, Great Sachem Ellerkamp was presented with a handsome Great Sachem's regalia by Past Sachem F. L. Smith, in behalf of his many friends and Brothers.

The Great Sachem announced the appointment of Great Chiefs as follows, and they were raised in due form:

W. M. Evans, of No. 9 Great Sannap.

John W. Riley, of No. 11 Great Mishinewa.

Ed. L. Hays, of No. 26 Great Guard of Wigwam.

Harry F. Davis, of No. 15 Great Guard of Forest.

An amendment to the laws was offered providing that organizers should submit a list of all proposed charter members of a new Tribe, to all Tribes in the same hunting grounds where same was to be instituted in hunting grounds already containing one or more tribes. Consideration was deferred one great sun.

The Great Sachem announced the following standing committees for the ensuing great sun:-

Finance-Henry Schwieters, of No. 8; M. M. Harbeson, of No. 7; Henry W. Ray, of No. 3.

Law and Usage-Wm. A. Crader, of No. 9; Frank L. Smith, of No. 1; L. D. Owen, of No. 8.

Returns and Reports-N. G. Mothershead, of No. 57; C. S. Hill, of No. 23; E. E. Reno, of No. 41.

Appeals-M. H. McCorkle, of No. 43; F. A. Gould, of No. 10; D. R. Breeding, of No. 50.

State of Order-A. J. Domeck, of No. 16; C. A. Melone, of No. 9; Chas. A. Wheeler, of No. 48.

After extending a hearty vote of thanks to the Chiefs and members of Wyoming Tribe, No. 26 for the many courtesies shown the Great Council, the council fire was quenched.

EIGHTH GREAT SUN COUNCIL.

1902.

This Council Fire was kindled in the wigwam of Totewa Tribe, No. 14, Hunting Grounds of Owensboro, at the tenth run, 45th breath, rising of the 13th sun of Flower Moon, G. S. D. 411. All of the elective Great Chiefs were present.

Previous to the kindling of the Council Fire welcoming exercises were held in the Court House, where Past Sachem S. W. Bedford, of No. 14, as chairman, introduced Mayor Yewell and Bro. LaVega Clement, who delivered addresses of welcome responded to by Great Sachem Ellerkamp, when the meeting adjourned to the council chamber of Totewa Tribe.

The Great Sachem made appointments as follows to fill vacancies in the appointive Great Chiefs:-

George W. Griffith, of No. 11 Great Mishinewa.

Lee W. Zweydorf, of No. 7 Great Guard of Wigwam.

Chas. R. Brent, of No. 8 Great Guard of Forest.

The Great Sachem stated that he had been requested to appoint a Chief's Degree member of No. 14 as official stenographer of the Great Council, but the brother not being a Past Sachem, he could not be admitted. A motion being made that the Great Council Degree be conferred upon the Brother in question, the Great Sachem ruled the matter out of order.

It was then ordered that the Great Council go into the nomination and election of an Assistant Great Chief of Records. Prior to this session, the Assistant to the Great Chief of Records had been appointed by that Great Chief.

Frank L. Smith, of No. 1 and J. G. Sewell, of No. 7 were placed in nomination, but Past Sachem Sewell declining to serve if elected, the remaining candidate was elected by acclamation.

The following were appointed a Credential Committee-Great Junior Sagamore H. J. McFarlan, assisted by Con Trouth, of No. 7; H. H. Denhardt, of No. 11, and C. M. Chasteen, of No. 4. This Committee reported recommending the admission of 47 Past Sachems in waiting, and the recognition of the representatives of 37 Tribes. The total attendance at this Great Council was 101.

From the Great Sachem's Long Talk, the following is quoted:-

"To my regret I am compelled to say, that the growth of the Order is not as phenomenal as that of the two previous great suns when a gain of 1500 members was made, but still I am proud to state that, what a few moons ago seemed a probable loss in membership is reverted into a gain, and where the membership one year ago was 3269 we now have 3525 members. Since last Great Council Delaware Tribe, No. 23, at Lebanon, Ononga Tribe, No. 34 at Covington, Red Hawk No. 40 at Somerset, Tawawa, No. 52 at Vine Grove, Sagwa, No. 59, at Lawrenceburg, Wichita, No. 61, at Mayfield, Waukee, No. 62 at Fulton, and Black Hawk, No. 24, at Springfield have become defunct. After due investigation to ascertain the cause of so many Tribes quenching their council fires, I find that the most of the trouble can be found in the following three causes: First, lack of proper instruction; Second, the organizer did not exercise enough care when soliciting charter members for new tribes, placing therein members objectionable to a majority; Third, Tribes numerically and financially weak would overreach themselves in the matter of buying paraphernalia, then finding themselves involved would attempt to give a pow-wow, and instead of bettering themselves would plunge deeper in debt and dissolution would follow. To the credit of Bro. F. W. Jones it must be said that he exercised splendid judgement as to the character of the charter members of the tribes he instituted during the past great sun."

The Great Sachem enumerates his visitations, appointments of Deputies, and decisions rendered. From the recommendations offered by that Great Chief we quote the following:-

"The Articles of Incorporation need to be revised and I would urge immediate attention to this matter.

The minimum fee for the three degrees should be placed at ten fathoms.

The fee for adoption in Councils of the Degree of Pocahontas should be fixed. The laws are at present vague.

The Great Council should empower the Great Sachem to appoint an instructor or Exemplifier, and fix his compensation. A little wampum invested in this manner will materially enlighten and strengthen weak and tottering Tribes."

The Great Sachem recounted the memorial services held by the Louisville Tribes on the death by assassination of President Wm. McKinley, and paid tribute also to the memory of Past Sachems Wm. A. Metcalf, of No. 1 and Thos. Wendroth, of No. 17, who had passed to the great beyond since last Great Council.

The institution of fifteen new Tribes by State Organizer F. W. Jones is recounted, and also of two Councils of the Degree of Pocahontas.

The following consolidations are recorded:

Minewa, No. 53, of Beaver Dam with Kentucky, No. 54, of McHenry, the council fire of the former being quenched forever.

Pequod, No. 63, with Hiawatha, No. 7, both of Louisville, the Council fire of No. 63 being quenched forever.

Red Jacket, No. 44, with Hiawatha, No. 7, both of Louisville, quenching forever the council fire of Red Jacket, No. 44.

Tippecanoe, No. 29, with Cherokee, No. 8, both of Louisville, the former going of existence.

Tecumseh No. 9, which had already absorbed Shawnee No. 9 and Tecumseh No. 12, with Cherokee, No. 8, the former quenching its council fire forever.

An extended review is made of the efficient work done by Special Deputy Great Sachem Wm. A. Crader in visiting weak and defunct Tribes, endeavoring to revive where possible, and where not possible closing the Tribes by quenching their council fires forever.

The following were appointed to fill vacancies in Standing Committees:-

State of the Order-Ben C. Nunn, of No. 14; Edw. L. David, of No. 5.

Great Keeper of Wampum John D. Walker made his report showing balance in wampum belt of $2,537.37.

The Great Chief of Records presented his Long Talk, from which we make the following extracts: Members adopted since last report, 1221; admitted by card, 110; reinstated, 35; suspended, 513; expelled, 2; withdrawn, 55; deceased, 25; disbursed by Tribes for

relief, $5,247.45; for burial of the dead, $1,050.00; for other purposes, $17,152.19; amount invested by Tribes, $7,742.08; total worth of Tribes, $17,079.23.

The election of Great Chiefs was then entered into, with the following results:-

Gustav A. Ellerkamp was unanimously elected Great Prophet.

W. C. Pelham, of No. 3, being the only nominee for Great Sachem was elected by acclamation.

Horace J. McFarlan, of No. 33, was elected Great Senior Sagamore without opposition.

H. H. Denhardt, of No. 11, was elected Great Junior Sagamore on the third ballot, other candidates being W. A. Crader, of No. 8, L. L. Bebout, of No. 60, and O. R. King, of No. 1.

C. E. Lyddane, of No. 2, being the only candidate, was unanimously elected Great Chief of Records.

S. C. Moore, of No. 7 was elected Great Keeper of Wampum, there being no other nominee. John D. Walker, the former encumbent having served five great suns successively was given the honors of a Past Great Sachem, and he declined to be a candidate for re-election.

Past Great Sachems G. A. Ellerkamp and John D. Walker were elected Great Representatives for two great suns each. Other candidates in nomination being F. W. Jones, of No. 14 and John Hafendorfer, of No. 14.

The Great Sachem announced the following appointments to fill vacancies on Committees:-

Appeals-J. M. Clifford, of No. 10; Ben H. Schrader, of No. 5; W. B. Eason, of No. 1.

Charters-J. G. Sewell, of No. 7; C. A. Woolfolk, of No. 7; L. L. Bebout, of No. 60.

It was ordered that the matter of organization of new Tribes for the ensuing Great Sun be left in the hands of the Great Sachem, he to appoint such organizer or organizers as he might deem for the best interests of the Order.

Maysville was unanimously selected as the place for kindling the next Great Sun Council Fire.

The special Committee appointed at the last Great Sun Council to present a plan for the establishment of a Widows' and Orphans' Fund presented a report embodying the text of a law and recommended its adoption, but its consideration was deferred one great sun that the matter might be referred back to the tribes for thorough discussion therein. The bill, as recommended by this Committee was adopted four great suns later with some slight modifications.

The Committee on Law and Usage reported having prepared a model code of by-laws for the use of Tribes, and they having been promulgated by the Great Sachem were already in use by many Tribes.

A law was enacted establishing the minimum fee for adoption at eight fathoms, it formerly being three fathoms.

An amendment to the law was adopted requiring organizers to submit a list of all candidates for charter membership to all tribes in the same hunting grounds.

The Great Representatives to the Great Council of the United States made a written report, which was the first time this had been done.

State Organizer Jones reported having instituted fourteen new Tribes, and gave data in regard to each.

It was ordered that the Great Representatives invite the Great Council of the United States to kindle its Great Sun Council Fire in 412 in the hunting grounds of Louisville.

The bill proposed at the previous Great Sun Council, providing for the election of Great Chiefs in the Council Chambers of Tribes, by the "Australian" ballot, was reported on adversely by the Committee on Law and Usage, and thus the so-called "Goebel" bill was defeated.

On the recommendation of the Committee on Laws and Usage, it was ordered by the Great Council that Tribes must pay benefits to a disabled brother as long as his disability should continue. It had been the custom of Tribes to provide by a by-law to that effect that benefits should cease after a stated period. The ruling also provided that the minimum amount of benefits to be paid should be a sum equal to the dues of the brother that might accrue during his disability, or in other words, enough to keep the brother in good standing. Later the Great Council of the United States fixed the minimum amount at one fathom per seven suns.

A resolution was adopted requiring the financial Great Chiefs to give bond in an indemnity bonding company, and that the Great Keeper of Wampum should be paid a salary of fifty fathoms per Great Sun.

The Finance Committee, among other recommendations offered the following which were agreed to:-

That the Assistant Great Chief of Records be allowed fifty fathoms for his services.

That the printing for the ensuing Great Sun be awarded to the "American Red Man" at 95 cents per page.

That five hundred fathoms be appropriated for the use of the Great Sachem for the best interests of the Order.

The minimum fee for adoption in Councils of the Degree of Pocahontas was fixed at one fathom.

Charters were granted the following new Tribes:-Otawa, No. 68, Olive Hill; Powhatan, No. 69, Carrollton; Sioux, No. 70, Louisville; Little Ha Ha, No. 71, Owenton; Morning Star, No. 72, Fordsville; Warsaw, No. 73, Rockport; Floating Canoe, No. 76, Richmond; Shawnee, No. 77, Georgetown; Grand Glaze, No. 79, Monterey; Ptocawa, No. 80, Louisville; Yosemite, No. 81, Louisville; Appalachia, No. 82, Pineville; Passyunk, No. 83, Harrodsburg; Spotted Wolf, No. 84, Coalton; Red Cloud, No. 85, Warsaw; Big Eagle, No. 86, Sanders; Alfaretta Council, No. 4, Louisville; Prairie Flower, No. 5, Newport.

On the recommendation of the Finance Committee mileage was allowed the Great Chiefs, Representatives, and Members of Standing Committees, amounting to $610.47, being paid to 68 individuals, an average of $8.97 per capita.

An amendment was proposed to be considered at the next Great Sun Council advancing the minimum fee for adoption to fifteen fathoms.

A resolution was adopted instructing the Great Representatives to endeavor to have a change made in the grip.

An emblematic Tomahawk was ordered presented to Totewa Tribe, No. 14, in commemoration of the present session of the Great Council in its wigwam.

It was ordered that a committee of two be appointed to prepare new Articles of Incorporation, and the Great Sachem appointed Lawrence S. Leopold, of No. 8, and H. J. McFarlan, of No. 33.

Great Representative Lawrence Leopold presented a ring to Great Sachem Ellerkamp in behalf of the Past Sachem's Association of Louisville.

Past Great Sachem W. C. Diederich, senior Past Great Sachem present raised the Great Chiefs elect as follows:-

W. C. Pelham, of No. 3 Great Sachem.

H. J. McFarlan, of No. 33 Great Senior Sagamore.

H. H. Denhardt, of No. 11 Great Junior Sagamore.

Gustav A. Ellerkamp, of No. 8 Great Prophet.

C. E. Lyddane, of No. 2 Great Chief of Records.

S. C. Moore, of No. 7 Great Keeper of Wampum.

John Hafendorfer, of No. 14 Great Sannap.

J. H. Richardson, of No. 3 Great Mishinewa.

J. Robin Garr, of No. 7 Great Guard of Wigwam.

J. K. Moore, of No. 32 Great Guard of Forest.

GREAT COUNCIL OF KENTUCKY-EIGHTH SESSION, OWENSBORO, MAY 13-14, 1902.

The Great Sachem announced the following as members of Standing Committees for the ensuing great sun:-

Finance-Henry W. Ray, of No. 3; O. R. King, of No. 1; W. M. Evans, of No. 8.

Law and Usage-Frank L. Smith, of No. 1; W. A. Crader, of No. 8; Geo. C. Wolf, of No. 77.

Returns and Reports-Robert Lee Page, of No. 80; N. G. Mothershead, of No. 57; Forsee D. Lee, of No. 71.

Appeals-Louis Vissman, of No. 8; C. H. Bateman, of No. 50; Sebastian Stone, of No. 56.

State of the Order-L. L. Bebout, of No. 60; J. H. Kemper, of No. 18; L. E. Herrell, of No. 54.

After Past Sachem Frank L. Smith, of No. 1 had exemplified the unwritten work of the Order, the Council Fire was quenched to be rekindled in the wigwam of Wyandotte Tribe, No. 3, hunting grounds of Maysville, G. S. D. 412.

1903.

NINTH GREAT SUN COUNCIL.

Previous to the kindling of the council fire an excellent program of welcome was rendered, including musical selections by the Red Men's Band, and addresses by Past Great Sachem John I. Winter, Past Great Incohonee Thomas K. Donnalley, of Pennsylvania, and Great Sachem Pelham.

At the 10th run, rising of the 12th sun of Flower Moon, G. S. D. 412, the ninth Great sun council fire was kindled in ample form, all elective and appointed Great Chiefs being present, as well as 78 Past Sachems.

D. N. Zimmerman, of No. 4 and Thomas M. Russell, of No. 3, were appointed to assist Great Junior Sagamore Denhardt in the examination of credentials, which committee soon reported the presence of fifty-six Past Sachems in the forest for the first time, and they were admitted to seats in the Great Council, making the total attendance 134.

The roll call of representatives disclosed the presence of the representatives of fifty-seven Tribes out of sixty-three.

An election for Assistant Great Chief of Records was then entered into, and Past Sachem Frank L. Smith was chosen, the opposing candidate being P. P. Doll, of No. 8.

Great Sachem Pelham presented his long talk in print, the first time it had been done, which met with the approval of all.

The following quotations are from that document:-

"I am proud to say the condition of the Order in this Reservation is prosperous and progressive. Probably fifteen hundred names have been added to the roster of membership during the past great sun, and with few exceptions the Tribes and Councils are on the hunt for palefaces with that enthusiasm and energy that knows no such word as fail."

In regard to Councils of the Degree of Pocahontas he said:-"This branch of the Order appears to have been almost entirely neglected by former Great Councils of this Reservation. The tax formerly assessed against members of Councils was repealed by this Great Council at its fifth session, and I find no mention of them in the Records since.

Experience has shown that the Tribe and Council are each benefited by the presence of the other, and the membership of both are alike interested in the upbuilding of their local branches and in the advancement of the interests of the Order generally.

Under the care of this Great Council are five Councils who are entirely at sea in the matter of laws for their government; and it would surely be wise in this body to formulate a code for their benefit.

Diligent inquiry failing to furnish me with the name of any person who would undertake the business of organizing Tribes in this Reservation, I therefore tried to find some one in each locality who would undertake to organize a Tribe nearby. As a direct result, ten new Tribes were instituted, the organizers being in each case persons living in the near locality of the new Tribes."

The method thus inaugurated by Great Sachem Pelham has been pursued by his successors to the present, with results never equaled by any Reservation in the history of the Order.

As usual he recounts the dispensations granted, decisions made, and announces the inauguration by the Great Council of the United States of the Orphan's Guardian Fund.

"I appointed Past Sachem Frank L. Smith Exemplifier for the Reservation at large, and sent him on an extended trail, and he visited and exemplified the work to forty-one tribes in two moons. It is to be regretted that the amount of the appropriation for this purpose would not permit the visitation of every Tribe in the Reservation. That the visits and instructions were highly appreciated is attested by numerous letters from the Tribes, and they clearly remonstrate the great importance of following up the institution of a Tribe by proper instruction and encouragement, either by a neighboring Tribe or by a Great Chief or Exemplifier."

He reported the following tribes as being defunct:-Delaware, No. 23, Lebanon; Seneca, No. 27, Stanford; Narragansett, No. 43, Middlesboro; Shabbona, No. 46, Somerset; Sagamore, No. 66, Hickman; Nokomis, No. 74, Franklin.

Among the recommendations offered were the following:-

"That a code of laws be prepared for the government of Councils of the Degree of Pocahontas of this Reservation."

"That the horse be adopted as the Totem of this Reservation as recommended by our Great Representatives at Norfolk last Corn Moon."

The following appointments were made to fill vacancies:-

On Laws and Usage-C. P. Harding, of No. 5.

On State of the Order-Thos. O. Long, of No. 57.

On Charters-John H. Ropke, of No. 8; Chas. Wheeler, of No. 48; G. W. Griffith, of No. 11.

The Great Council then went into the election of Great Chiefs.

Horace J. McFarlan, of No. 33, was elected Great Sachem by acclamation.

H. H. Denhardt, of No. 11 was elected Great Senior Sagamore without opposition.

Lewis L. Bebout, of No. 60 was elected Great Junior Sagamore on the second ballot, O. R. King, of No. 1, L. D. Owen, of No. 8, and D. H. Russell, of No. 10 being also in nomination.

Henry W. Ray, of No. 3 was unanimously elected Great Chief of Records, Henry Schwieters, of No. 8 being also nominated but declined to make the race. C. E. Lyddane, who had held the chieftaincy for five consecutive great suns was not a candidate for re-election, and he was awarded the honors of a Past Great Sachem.

S. C. Moore, of No. 7 was re-elected Great Keeper of Wampum without opposition.

W. C. Pelham, of No. 3, Chas. A. Hess, of No. 10 and John H. Buschemeyer, of No. 8 were elected Great Representatives for two Great Suns each, other candidates in nomination being Lawrence S. Leopold, of No. 8; W. C. Diederich, of No. 19; Willie Walker, of No. 1; J. Robin Garr, of No. 7; John H. Ropke, of No. 8.

Great Keeper of Wampum S. C. Moore reported balance in the Great Council wampum belt as being $2,853.10.

It was agreed by unanimous vote to kindle the next Great Sun Council fire in the wigwam of Otego Tribe, No. 60, hunting grounds of Paducah.

An amendment to the laws was adopted fixing the minimum fee for adoption at four fathoms. It had been fixed at eight fathoms by the previous Great Council, and it was proposed at this time to increase it to fifteen fathoms, but with the result of fixing it at the first named figure where it has remained to the present. Much confusion was caused by the misunderstanding of the term "adoption fee" many supposing it to be the total fee for membership, including all three degrees. It was here defined as meaning the fee for the "adoption" or first degree of Redmanship.

The Great Chief of Records presented his long talk from which the following data is obtained:-Adopted, 2158; admitted by card, 133; reinstated, 44; suspended, 467; expelled, 16; withdrawn by card, 61; deceased, 40; present membership, 5,053; disbursed by Tribes for relief, $6,633.94; for burial of the dead, $1,604.00; for other purposes, $18,085.74; invested by Tribes, $6,705.10. total worth of Tribes, $28,280.65.

The Finance Committee reported having found the books and accounts of the Great Chief of Records and Great Keeper of Wampum in correct form, and made the following recommendations, which were concurred in:-

That Councils of the Degree of Pocahontas be assessed five in. per Great Sun for each female member, for the benefit of the Orphans' Guardian Fund of the Great Council of the United States.

That the Great Sachem and Exemplifier be allowed the sum of $1,000 for the ensuing great sun.

That the printing of the Record be awarded to the Louisville Anzeiger Co. at $1.10 per page.

That the Assistant Great Chief of Records be allowed fifty fathoms for services rendered.

Past Great Incohonee Thos. K. Donnalley, of Pennsylvania, representing the Great Incohonee of the Great Council of the United States, Thomas G. Harrison, of Indiana, addressed the Great Council and exemplified the unwritten work of the Order.

The Committee on State of the Order expressed the sentiments of all in the following:-"Throughout the entire reservation there is universal complaint at the carelessness and delay in getting the proceedings of the last Great Council in hands of the various Tribes." Although the copy had been furnished promptly to the printer, the book in question had not been delivered until just prior to the present session.

The Committee on Returns and Reports, of which Robert Lee Page was chairman paid the following tribute to Great Sachem Pelham:-"Under his guidance and administration the Order has prospered and grown in strength. His advice and decisions have been fair and impartial and his conduct such as to meet with the approbation of the entire membership. His administration is one that will ever be remembered, and we feel that we cannot give him the praise he so richly deserves. We could with greater ease add beauty to the lily or fragrance to the rose than we could adequately express our appreciation of Bro. Pelham."

The following resolution was adopted:-That the Horse's Head on an Indian Shield as recommended by the Great Council of the United States be adopted as the totem of this Great Council, and that this Great Council reserve unto itself the right to control the manufacture and disposal of the said Totem or jewel.

The Committee on Charters recommended that charters be granted to the following new Tribes, which was agreed to:-Kabo, No. 78, Petra; Eyota, No. 87, Ball's Landing; Swift Foot, No. 88, Campbellsburg; Tallalu, No. 89, Callaway; War Eagle, No. 90, Bedford; Idaho, No. 91, Four Mile; Tallapoosa, No. 92, Milton; Mingo, No. 93, Newport; Sago, No. 94, Germantown; Wissahickon, No. 95, Lockport; Iona Council, No. 6, D. of P., Pittsburg.

Great Prophet Ellerkamp offered the following suggestions, which were adopted:-

That memorial page or pages be printed in each great sun's record containing the names of all brothers deceased during the previous great sun.

That at the opening of each Great Council every representative be handed a copy of the last record and a copy of the manual.

That the Asst. Great Chief of Records prepare a page or pages containing all new laws and resolutions enacted and also all unfinished business.

It was ordered that the Great Chief of Records prepare and have printed a suitable form upon which Deputy Great Sachems shall hereafter make their reports.

That matter of deferred business, consisting of the report of the special Committee on Widow's and Orphan's Home Fund was taken up, and on motion of Past Sachem H. C. Yunker, of No. 7 was laid on the table.

An amendment to the laws was offered to lay over one great sun providing a penalty for electioneering.

Another to take the same course was offered providing for holding the Great Sun Council in Hot Moon instead of Flower Moon.

The Finance Committee recommended the payment of mileage to 78 Representatives, Great Chiefs and members of Committees, amounting to $753.53, being an average of $9.66 per member.

Past Great Incohonee Thomas K. Donalley proceeded to raise the Great Chiefs elect, appointing as Great Tocakon Past Great Sachem Willie Walker.

Horace J. McFarlan, of No. 33 Great Sachem.

H. H. Denhardt, of No. 11 Great Senior Sagamore.

Lewis L. Bebout, of No. 60 Great Junior Sagamore.

W. C. Pelham, of No. 3 Great Prophet.

Henry Wood Ray, of No. 3 Great Chief of Records.

S. C. Moore, of No. 7 Great Keeper of Wampum.

A. C. Prewitt, of No. 33 Great Sannap.

Geo. W. Griffith, of No. 11 Great Mishinewa.

J. H. Kemper, of No. 18 Great Guard of Wigwam.

J. K. Moore, of No. 32 Great Guard of Forest.

The following Standing Committees were announced for the ensuing Great Sun:-

Finance-W. M. Evans, of No. 8; Henry Schwieters, of No. 8; O. R. King, of No. 1.

Law and Usage-L. D. Owen, of No. 8; W. C. Morgan, of No. 90; H. J. Northcutt, of No. 37.

Returns and Reports-Robert Lee Page, of No. 80; Forsee D. Lee, of No. 71; N. G. Mothershead, of No. 57.

State of the Order-Thos. M. Russell, of No. 3; C. H. Bateman, of No. 50; Louis Vissman, of No. 8.

Appeals-J. Robin Garr, of No. 7; C. A. Melone, of No. 8; John Hafendorfer, of No. 14.

Thanks of the Great Council were tendered Wyandotte Tribe, No. 3 for its hospitality, and after the Great Prophet had said a prayer, the Council Fire quenched in ample form.

1904.

TENTH GREAT SUN COUNCIL.

The Tenth Great Sun Council Fire of the Great Council of Kentucky was kindled in the wigwam of Otego Tribe, No. 60, at Owensboro, at the 11th run rising of the 10th sun of Flower Moon, G. S. D. 413.

Prior to the kindling, introductory exercises were held as follows:-Addresses by Mayor Yeiser, and Judge R. V. Lightfoot, with responses by Bros. R. L. Page, S. C. Moore, and Great Minewa, Thos. J. Smith, representing the Great Incohonee.

At the kindling of the council fire there were present all the Great Chiefs, except Great Prophet, three Past Great Sachems and 75 Past Sachems.

Lee W. Zweydorf, of No. 7 and Ben H. Schrader, of No. 5 were appointed to assist the Great Junior Sagamore in the examination of Credentials.

Past Great Sachem Willie Walker of No. 1 was appointed Great Prophet for the session, Great Prophet Pelham being unable to be present.

Upon the recommendation of the Credential Committee fifty-seven Past Sachems were admitted to seats in the Great Council, and the representatives of sixty-two Tribes were recognized. The attendance this session was 136.

It was agreed that Representatives of Tribes instituted so recently as not to be legally entitled to representation be allowed mileage.

The Great Sachem announced the following appointments on committees to fill vacancies:-

State of the Order-C. P. Harding, of No. 5; L. H. Roberts, of No. 10.

Charters-Claude B. Terrell, of No. 90; J. M. Clifford, of No. 10; Hugh Johnson, of No. 81.

A communication was read from Great Incohonee Thomas G. Harrison, expressing his regret at not being able to be present and appointing Great Minewa, Thomas J. Smith as his representative.

The Deputy or Acting Great Incohonee was announced in the Forest and Past Great Sachems Willie Walker, Ellerkamp and John D. Walker were appointed as escorts, when he was admitted with the usual honors.

Great Sachem McFarlan presented his long talk in print, from which the following extracts are made:-

"We have much for which to extend thanks to the Great Spirit who has so kindly 'blessed us with plenty' and 'rewarded our labors two-fold'; at least have we not to be content with present conditions which everywhere indicate that the affairs of the Order are in splendid condition; that the affairs of the Great Council are in safe hands and that the rank and file is made up of indefatigable and competent workers, who are filled with enthusiasm and an earnest desire to advance the Order to that high and prominent position which it must eventually occupy and which every Red Man wishes it to attain. From every source comes to me good tidings of noble work being carried on; of palefaces being adopted; of a search for a better understanding of the fundamental principles and laws of the Order; Peace and harmony; good fellowship and brotherhood. I believe we can safely say that during the next Great Sun our membership will be increased to the extent that we shall have a larger representation in the Great Council of the United States. I wish that I could say my administration was one of perfection.

'It surely was my profit had I known,

It would have been my pleasure had I seen.

"There have been sent to me words of encouragement; words of discouragement; words of hope; words of despair; words of praise; words of censure; but through all, gathering to himself the flowers of love, patience, kindness and sympathy, he has pressed on, giving to you his sincerest and best efforts, and now, extending to his brothers his thanks for these flowers, he greets you in truth, in Freedom, Friendship and Charity."

The Great Sachem recounted the institution of ten new Tribes and two new Councils of the Degree of Pocahontas, as well as the relighting of the council brand of Sagwa Tribe, No. 69, at Lawrenceburg.

He recited a long list of decisions, nearly all of which met with approval.

Concerning the Degree of Pocahontas he said:-"My report would be both inadequate and insufficient, indeed, should I fail to make some mention of the Degree of Pocahontas, now an important factor in our great American Order, and whose members are actuated and inspired to noble work by those cardinal principles we as Red Men hold so dear, Freedom, Friendship and Charity. The auxiliary is certainly becoming popular, and is now in a prosperous condition, and from information I can advisedly say that wherever it is established properly will prove a valuable adjunct to our work. I might add by way of suggestion or recommendation that it would be a wise move to establish as soon as practicable in this Reservation a Great Council of the Degree of Pocahontas, believing it is due them, and that much more good can come from this branch of the Order if they have the right and privilege extended them to counsel and legislate. * * * I note that the Great Incohonee in his report very pertinently remarks: 'This Degree deserves from the Great Council its wisest consideration, and no pains should be spared in any matters which may effect the interests and increase the usefulness of our Councils.'"

Cherokee Tribe, No. 8 and Hiawatha Tribe, No. 7, both of Louisville met with the misfortune to lose their charters and effects in the burning of the Masonic Temple on the 20th of Beaver Moon, G. S. D. 412, and the Great Sachem granted both Tribes dispensations to work without a charter until the Great Council should grant then new Charters.

On the 18th of Worm Moon, G. S. D. 413, by invitation of Great Sachem McFarlan, Great Incohonee Thos. G, Harrison made a visit to Kentucky, and a reception and banquet was given in his honor at the Louisville Hotel. More than two hundred guests were entertained, and the occasion was one of particular moment to Redmanship in this Reservation. In his Long Talk, the Great Sachem records extracts from many of the addresses, words of wisdom, encouragement and commendation.

From the Long Talk of Great Chief of Records Ray, the following statistics of the Order are taken:-Adopted since last report, 1152; admitted by card, 60; reinstated, 11; suspended, 594; expelled, 19; withdrawn, 50; deceased, 41; disbursed for relief, $9,015.29; for burial of the dead, $1,969.89; for other purposes, $14,396.12; invested by Tribes, $17,895.60; Total fund of Tribes, $35,589.28; number of working tribes, 73; number of Councils Degree of Pocahontas, 7.

The Great Keeper of Wampum reported the cash balance on hand as being $2,191.95.

An election for Assistant Great Chief of Records was then entered into with the result that Past Sachem Frank L. Smith, of No. 1 was re-elected, Past Sachem J. Robin Garr, of No. 99 being also in nomination.

A committee was appointed, Acting Great Incohonee Thos. J. Smith, presiding, to draft resolutions of sympathy and condolence on account of the recent death of the infant son of Great Sachem McFarlan, the following serving in that capacity:-N. G. Mothershead, of No. 57; C. P. Harding, of No. 5 and Claude B. Terrell, of No. 90.

The Great Council then went into the election of Great Chiefs with the following results:-

Horace J. McFarlan, of No. 33, was unanimously elected Great Prophet.

H. H. Denhardt, of No. 11 was elected Great Sachem without opposition.

Lewis L. Bebout, of No. 60 was elected Great Senior Sagamore, there being no other nominations.

Dan H. Russell, of No. 10 was elected Great Junior Sagamore, other nominees being Robert Lee Page, of No. 80, and Ben C. Nunn, of No. 14, the latter asking that his name be withdrawn.

Henry W. Ray, of No. 3 was elected Great Chief of Records for the second time, without opposition.

S. C. Moore, of No. 7 was unanimously elected Great Keeper of Wampum for the third time. Dr. Harry J. Phillips was nominated for this position, but he refused to become a candidate.

Horace J. McFarlan, Robert Lee Page and Lawrence S. Leopold were elected Great Representatives for two great suns each, the other candidates in nomination being G. A. Ellerkamp, of No. 8; Ben H. Shrader, of No. 5; John D. Walker, and Willie Walker, of No. 1.

At the request of Acting Great Incohonee Thos. J. Smith, State Exemplifier, Frank L. Smith, the recognized custodian of the work in Kentucky exemplified the unwritten work of the Order.

Frankfort was unanimously accepted as the hunting grounds in which the next Great Sun Council fire should be kindled.

The Great Council of the United States having adopted a new Code of laws embracing a new Constitution governing State Great Councils, it was ordered that the incoming committee on Law and Usage be augmented by the addition of two members, and they to prepare a new code of laws governing the Great Council of Kentucky and the Tribes under its jurisdiction, to report in print to the various Tribes, and their report to be reviewed at the next Great Sun Council.

The contract for the printing for the ensuing Great Sun was let to the Louisville Anzeiger Co. at $1.10 per page.

The amendment to the law laid over from last Great Council making electioneering a penal act was adopted.

The Great Council refused to change the time for holding the Great Sun Council from Flower Moon to Hot Moon.

It was ordered that each Past Great Sachem of the Great Council be presented with Past Great Sachem's Jewel, to cost no more than 25 fathoms each.

The Committee which had been previously appointed to prepare new Articles of Incorporation not having reported, the Great Sachem was authorized to appoint another Committee.

The Finance Committee recommended the payment of mileage to Great Chiefs, Representatives and members of standing committees, 82 in number, amounting to $1,403.19, averaging $17.11 each.

The Great Council then went into the Committee of the Whole for the consideration of amendments to the laws.

Upon the recommendation of the Finance Committee the following appropriations were made:-

To the Tribe entertaining the Great Council each Great sun, $150.00.

To the Assistant Great Chief of Records for services, $75.00.

To the Great Sachem for the use of himself and State Exemplifier, $1,250.

A new code of laws governing the organization and institution of Tribes was adopted. Up to this time the matter of organization had been conducted much upon the "go as you please" plan, each Great Sachem using his own judgment in the matter. The adoption of definite laws governing this matter was a boon to following Great Sachems.

A regulation was adopted requiring financial chiefs of the Great Council and Tribes and Councils of the Degree of Pocahontas to be bonded in such indemnity company as might be selected by the Finance Committee from time to time.

An amendment was offered to be considered at the next Great Sun Council providing for the nomination and election of Great Chiefs on the second sun of the session instead of the first.

An amendment was offered defining the bounds of Deputy Great Sachems, providing for districts, and for the holding of district meetings for the purpose of exemplification, but same was laid over for one great sun.

Upon the recommendation of the Committee on Charters the following named Tribes and Councils of the Degree of Pocahontas were granted charters:-Niagara, No. 96, Orangeburg; Kenawha, No. 97, Vanceburg; Pontiac, No. 98, Louisville; Wauneeka, No. 99, Louisville; Buffalo, No. 100, Sardis; Raritan, No. 101, Worthville; Modoc, No. 102, Louisville; Ute, No. 103, Torrent; Lackawanna, No. 4, Salt Lick; Catawba, No. 105, Prestonville; Tamina, No. 106, Jennings; Ramona Council, No. 7, Augusta; Hiawatha Council, No. 8, Fourmile; Mojave Council, No. 9, Maysville; Charters were also ordered issued to Cherokee, No. 8, and Hiawatha, No. 7, both of Louisville, both having been lost by fire.

It was ordered that a special committee be appointed to take charge of any orphan matters, to investigate, and take the proper steps to secure them the benefits of the Orphans' Guardian Fund. The Great Sachem appointed Ben C. Nunn, of No. 14; O. R. King, of No. 1; A. C. Fahrenberg, of No. 10.

Acting Great Incohonee Thomas J. Smith proceeded to raise the elective and appointive Great Chiefs, with the assistance of Past Great Sachem Willie Walker, of No. 1, Acting Great Tocakon.

H. H. Denhardt, of No. 11 Great Sachem.

L. L. Bebout, of No. 60 Great Senior Sagamore.

Dan. H. Russell, of No. 10 Great Junior Sagamore.

H. J. McFarlan, of No. 33 Great Prophet.

Henry Wood Ray, of No. 3 Great Chief of Records.

S. C. Moore, of No. 7 Great Keeper of Wampum.

Harry J. Phillips, of No. 10 Great Sannap.

Lee W. Zweydorf, of No. 7 Great Mishinewa.

J. K. Moore, of No. 32 Great Guard of Wigwam.

J. Robin Garr, of No. 99 Great Guard of Forest.

The special committee on Orphans reported they had performed the duties intrusted to them and asked to be discharged, which was done, and it was ordered that the Great Sachem appoint another committee to continue the work ad interim.

The following committees were announced to serve the ensuing Great Sun:-

Finance-H. J. Northcutt, of No. 37; Henry Schwieters, of No. 8; J. H. Kemper, of No. 18.

Law and Usage-George W. Hinesley, of No. 8; John W. Riley, of No. 11; Gustav A. Ellerkamp, of No. 8; O. R. King, of No. 1; J. W. Matthews, of No. 67.

Returns and Reports-T. J. Tierney, of No. 80; J. H. Adams, of No. 83; Hugh Johnson, of No. 81.

State of the Order-J. J. Freundlich, of No. 60; N. G. Mothershead, of No. 57; J. M. Clifford, of No. 10.

Appeals-C. H. Morris, of No. 33; C. P. Harding, of No. 5; John Hafendorfer, of No. 14.

After tendering a rising vote of thanks to Otego Tribe No. 60 for their more than hospitable treatment of the Great Council and its members while in their hunting grounds, and when the Great Prophet had said a prayer, the council fire was quenched.

1905.

ELEVENTH GREAT SUN COUNCIL.

The eleventh Great Sun Council fire of the Great Council of Kentucky was kindled in the Council Chamber of Blackfoot Tribe, No. 67, Hunting Grounds of Frankfort, at the 11th run, 30th breath, rising of the 9th Sun of Flower Moon, G. S. D. 414. Previous to the kindling of the Council Fire addresses of welcome, with responses, interspersed with music, were delivered by Hon. James Darnell, Mayor; Great Sachem H. H. Denhardt; Bro. T. H. Crockett, of No. 67; Great Senior Sagamore L. L. Bebout. When the friends and guests had departed, the regular session began, all the elective Great Chiefs being present, and 90 Past Sachems.

The Great Sachem appointed the following to fill vacancies for the session:-

Ben. C. Nunn, of No. 14, Great Sannap.

M. M. Harbeson, of No. 7, Great Mishinewa.

Chintz Royalty, of No. 38, Great Guard of Wigwam.

To assist the Great Junior Sagamore in the examination of credentials the Great Sachem appointed W. M. Toomey, of No. 83; and Frank Wagner, of No. 14.

A communication was received from Great Incohonee J. W. Cherry, announcing that Great Guard of the Forest Jas. H. Cook had been commissioned to represent him at this session, and he being announced as being in the forest, Great Representatives Louis Vissman, John H. Buschemeyer and Robt. Lee Page were appointed to escort him into the Council Chamber.

Acting Great Incohonee James H. Cook was formally introduced and greeted with the honors of the Order.

It was agreed that the representatives of Tribes so recently instituted as not to be legally entitled to representation be admitted and allowed mileage.

Upon the recommendation of Great Junior Sagamore D. H. Russell, 66 Past Sachems in waiting were introduced and received the Great Council Degree.

Upon the recommendation of the same Great Chief, the credentials of the representatives of 67 Tribes, and they being present were accorded seats as such in the Great Council.

The total attendance at this session was 145.

The following were appointed to fill vacancies on Committees:-

Judiciary-M. B. Wallerstein, of No. 60.

Orphans-E. M. Wallace, of No. 5 and J. G. Renaker, of No. 37.

Charters-J. C. Lykins, of No. 113; M. M. Redding, of No. 64; W. H. McDonald, of No. 111.

Great Sachem H. H. Denhardt, as was now the custom, presented his Long Talk in print, and the following extracts will be of interest:-

"As the members of the Great Council of Kentucky assemble in peace and harmony around this Great Sun's Council fire, we can congratulate ourselves upon the close of the most prosperous year in the history of the Order in Kentucky. From Paducah our runners swiftly to their Tribes returned spreading the spirit of true fraternity there engendered into every wigwam in our Reservation, and as a result the council fires of the various Tribes have been kept brightly burning; discord has been banished from their midst; and the braves and warriors have become accustomed to assemble not for the purpose of wrangling among themselves, of gaining some petty advantage over another brother or over another Tribe, but plans for the capturing of palefaces were discussed and as a result at least two thousand palefaces' scalps are dangling at the belts of our warriors and braves.

This Great Sun has been one fraught with many blessings and pleasures. The propitious sky has occasionally been obscured by a fleeting cloud, but the passing shadow only intensified the brightness that followed.

Through the sunshine and the shadows, the pleasures and trials, our beloved Order has grown until now it has taken rank as one of the most prosperous fraternal societies in Kentucky.

I have brought to the performance of the duties devolving upon me my best energies, my untiring efforts and all the zeal and industry I could command. It, no doubt, is true that I have not measured up to the full requirements of the high and important Chieftaincy to which your over-kindness has elevated me; I have, however, labored with an eye single to the advancement of our Order. I have tried to be diligent, sought to be impartial and endeavored to be zealous and faithful."

Concerning Councils of the Degree of Pocahontas he said:-"I have done what I could to promote the welfare of this most excellent branch of our order. Some progress has been made, but still there is need of encouragement being given those who are striving to push forward the cause of this Degree."

He reported the institution of twenty-one new Tribes and two Councils of the Degree of Pocahontas, as well as the resuscitation of four Tribes and one Council D. of P.

Concerning the Widows' and Orphans' Home Fund he said:-"It seemed to be almost the unanimous opinion of those to whom I talked concerning this matter that the time for the creation of this fund had arrived even at the last Great Council; however, no action was taken. I believe that the movement to establish a Home for the Widows and Orphans of Kentucky Red Men is the greatest work ever undertaken by our beloved Order in Kentucky. When we establish a Home of this sort we are doing some real good in the world and that is what our Order exists for, and that is, or should be, the aim of every member of the Order."

After publishing a list of subscriptions to the Home Fund amounting to $438.30, and having recounted a long list of visitations, he said-

"The Angel of Death has laid his hand heavily on our Order during the past Great Sun. Mary McFarlan, wife of Horace J. McFarlan, Great Prophet of the Great Council of Kentucky, died on the 15th Sun of Buck Moon, G. S. D. 413.

Thomas Alden Hornsey, Past Great Sachem of the Great Council of Kentucky died on the 12th Sleep of Beaver Moon, G. S. D. 413.

Thomas H. Watts, Great Incohonee of the Great Council of the United States, died on the 29th Sun of Worm Moon, G. S. D. 414.

Past Sachem M. J. Madden, member of the Widows' and Orphans' Committee of this Great Council died on the 17th Sun of Worm Moon, G. S. D. 414."

After an account of dispensations granted, decisions made, and details of minor transactions, the Great Sachem closes with thanks to his associates and to the Great Council.

The Great Chief of Record's Long Talk affords the following information:-Adopted since last report, 1,994; admitted by card, 118; reinstated, 13; suspended, 643; expelled, 14; withdrawn, 81; deceased, 72; present membership, 6,993; disbursed for relief, $10,958.09; for burials, $3,436.31; for other purposes, $25,326.71; invested, $24,107.60; total fund of Tribes, $46,302.86; Tribes instituted since last report, 21; number of working Tribes 91.

The Great Keeper of Wampum reported the cash balance in the Great Council wampum belt as being $1,886.30; in the Widows' and Orphans' Home Fund, $438.30.

The election for Great Chiefs resulted as follows:-

Lewis L. Bebout, of No. 60 was elected Great Sachem unanimously.

Dan. H. Russell, of No. 10 was elected Great Senior Sagamore without opposition.

H. H. Denhardt, of No. 11 was elected Great Prophet, by acclamation, there being no other nominees.

Robert Lee Page, of No. 80 was elected Great Junior Sagamore, Past Sachem J. W. Matthews, of No. 67 being also in nomination. J. H. Kemper of No. 18 had been nominated, but desired his name to be withdrawn.

Henry Wood Ray, of No. 3 was unanimously elected Great Chief of Records for the third consecutive term.

S. C. Moore, of No. 7 was, upon motion of O. R. King, of No. 1, who had been placed in nomination against him, unanimously re-elected Great Keeper of Wampum for the fourth consecutive term. Past Sachem King declined to be a candidate.

Gustav A. Ellerkamp, of No. 8; John H. Buschemeyer, of No. 8; W. A. Crader, of No. 8, and M. B. Wallerstein, of No. 60 were elected Great Representatives to the Great Council of the United States for two Great Suns each. Other candidates in nomination were Lawrence S. Leopold, of No. 8; Frank L. Smith, of No. 1 and C. P. Harding of No. 5.

The Great Council agreed unanimously to return to Frankfort one Great Sun hence and again kindle its Great Sun Council fire in the Capitol City.

Past Sachem Albert Miller of No. 1 presented the Great Council with a magnificent Great Sachem's Stump, carved from the solid wood in representation of a Chieftain's bust, decorated with feathers and emblems of the Order.

The Committee on Revision of the Laws, which had been appointed at the previous Great Council, now presented its report in print. Shortly after the adjournment one great sun ago, the committee had met, and realizing the magnitude of the work before them, expressed its belief that one brother could accomplish the desired result with less difficulty and in a shorter time than a number, and agreed to employ Past Sachem Frank L. Smith, of No. 1, to do the work, if he would undertake it. That chief accepting the commission, submitted his report to the full committee in Sturgeon Moon, G. S. D. 413, and with slight changes was adopted by the committee.

This report, embracing an entirely new code of law, founded upon the general plan outlined by the Great Council of the United States, making an entire separation of the legislative, executive and judicial departments, was now before the Great Council, which went into the Committee of the Whole for its consideration. Upon the rising of the committee, the laws as presented by the Revision Committee were adopted, with the exception of that article relating to the establishment of the Widows' and Orphans' Home Fund. This article was made a special order of business, and was the subject of earnest debate.

Those opposing the adoption of the law were not adverse to the principle, but to the method of applying relief to the needy, their plan, which they wished to substitute for a Widows' and Orphans' Home, was the establishment of an Endowment Fund, the income from which should be used to defray the expenses of its beneficiaries in private homes rather than in an institution. After protracted debate, the law as presented by the Committee on Revision, establishing the Widows' and Orphans' Home Fund, with some slight technical alterations, was adopted by an almost unanimous vote. The law as finally adopted was almost identical with that presented at the previous Great Council and which was then tabled.

The Committee on Incorporation of the Great Council presented a verbal report, stating that articles had been prepared and would be submitted when properly recorded. The articles prepared by this committee, while published as preface to the new code of laws, were never recorded, and consequently never were in operation.

Upon the recommendation of the Committee, charters were ordered issued to the following named Tribes: Juanita, No. 107, Ghent; Kenton, No. 108, Artemus; Wautauga, No. 109, Bosworth; Wabash, No. 110, Nicholasville; Tchoupitoulas, No. 111, Barbourville; Winnebago, No. 112, Henderson; Ocono, No. 113, Campton; Tonawanda, No. 114, Grayson; Minnehaha, No. 115, Cropper; Saco, No. 116, West Liberty; Neponset, No. 117, Jackson; Akkeewassa, No. 118, Cannel City; Ganoga, No. 119, Gratz; Navajo, No. 120, Sandy Hook; Tacoma, No. 121, Hazel Green; Oseetah, No. 122, Redwine; Kinniconick, No. 125, Bowen; Seminole, No. 126, Denniston; Apache, No. 127, Robbins; Indianola Council, No. 10, D. of P., Carrollton. A new charter was also granted Calumet Tribe, No. 18, theirs having been destroyed by fire.

The Committee on Appeals rendered several decisions, which were approved, but it is not thought best to here record them, they being of a personal nature.

The Finance Committee recommended the payment of mileage to 100 Great Chiefs, Representatives and members of Standing Committees, amounting to $661.32, being an average of $6.6123 per member paid.

That committee recommended a Bonding Company; that the printing be awarded to the Louisville Anzeiger Co.; that the salary of the Assistant Great Chief of Records be increased to $150.00; all of which were approved.

The Assistant Great Chief of Records now being an appointee of the Great Chief of Records, G. C. of R. Ray appointed Frank L. Smith, of No. 1, to that position.

The Great Chief of Records presented to the Great Council the set of jewels said to have been in use by the old Great Council of Kentucky at the time of its demise, they having been secured through the efforts of the members of Miami Tribe, No. 17, and Mingo Tribe, No. 93, both of Newport, and it was agreed they should be worn by the Chiefs of the present Great Council. The jewels, however, proved not to be Great Council Jewels, being of silver, but the regulation Tribal Jewels.

Acting Great Incohonee Jas. H. Cook, having appointed Past Great Sachem G. A. Ellerkamp as Great Tocakon, raised the following elective and appointive Great Chiefs:

Lewis L. Bebout, of No. 60 Great Sachem

Dan H. Russell, of No. 10 Great Senior Sagamore

Robert Lee Page, of No. 80 Great Junior Sagamore

H. H. Denhardt, of No. 11 Great Prophet

Henry Wood Ray, of No. 3 Great Chief of Records

S. C. Moore, of No. 7 Great Keeper of Wampum

C. P. Harding, of No. 5 Great Sannap

W. E. Buck, of No. 60 Great Mishinewa

Val. J. Baader, of No. 17 Great Guard of Wigwam

G. Michael, of No. 22 Great Guard of Forest

The Great Sachem announced the following appointments:

Board of Appeals-Geo. W. Hinesley, of No. 8, three great suns; J. J. Freundlich, of No. 60, two great suns; O. R. King, of No. 1, one great sun.

Trustees of Widows' and Orphans' Home Fund-Henry C. Yunker, of No. 7, three great suns; G. W. Griffith, of No. 11, two great suns; C. Royalty, of No. 38, one great sun.

Finance-H. J. Northcutt, of No. 37; J. H. Kemper, of No. 18; T. J. Tierney, of No. 80.

Judiciary-J. W. Mathews, of No. 67; Jos. C. Lykins, of No. 113; N. G. Mothershead, of No. 57.

State of the Order-Sebastian Stone, of No. 56; W. H. McDonald, of No. 111; Ben C. Nunn, of No. 14.

Returns and Reports-J. M. Clifford, of No. 10; Duke White, of No. 3; C. F. Melton, of No. 70.

State Exemplifier-Frank L. Smith, of No. 1.

Past Great Sachem's Jewels were presented to the following Past Great Sachems: Thos. A. Davis, of No. 3; John I. Winter, of No. 3; W. C. Diederich, of No. 19; Willie Walker, of No. 1; Gustav A. Ellerkamp, of No. 8; John D. Walker, of No. 1; W. C. Pelham, of No. 3; C. E. Lyddane, of No. 2; H. J. McFarlan, of No. 33; H. H. Denhardt, of No. 11.

After appropriate resolutions of thanks, and when the Great Prophet had invoked the Great Spirit, the council fire was quenched.

* * *

The Code of Laws as adopted at the Eleventh Great Sun Council was approved by the Judiciary Committee of the Great Council of the United States, entire, yet when that Great Council met in Great Sun Council in Corn Moon, G. S. D. 414, the committee recommended that its action be reversed in approving that part of the Laws of the Great Council of Kentucky relating to the establishment of the Widows' and Orphans' Home Fund. Appeal was taken to the Great Board of Appeals of the Great Council of the United States, and that Great Board ruled the whole matter in conflict with the Constitution of the Great Council of the United States, which Great Council reserved unto itself the exclusive right to legislate concerning the maintenance of orphans.

The effect of this ruling was to make nul and void all legislation by the Great Council of Kentucky concerning the Widows' and Orphans' Home Fund. The laws as enacted at the eleventh Great Council were again submitted to the Judiciary Committee of the Great Council of the United States, minus any reference to a Widows' and Orphans' Home Fund, and were then approved and published.

1906.

TWELFTH GREAT SUN COUNCIL.

The Twelfth Great Sun Council fire of the Great Council of Kentucky was kindled in the Legislative Hall of the State Capitol, hunting grounds of Frankfort, by courtesy of Blackfoot Tribe, No. 67, at the 11th run, 40th breath, rising of the 8th sun of Flower Moon, G. S. D. 415.

Prior to the kindling of the council fire, addresses of welcome and responses were delivered by Gov. J. C. W. Beckham, Mayor E. E. Hume, Col. G. B. Harper, Great Sachem L. L. Bebout, Great Senior Sagamore D. H. Russell, Representative T. Hiter Crockett, Great Junior Sagamore Robert L. Page, Past Great Sachem H. H. Denhardt, and Wilson Brooks, Great Chief of Records of the Great Council of the United States.

After the visitors had retired, the council fire was kindled in ample form, all elective Great Chiefs being present, seven Great Representatives, five Past Great Sachems and 112 Past Sachems.

Great Chief of Records Ray appointed F. L. Smith as Assistant Great Chief of Records.

Great Sachem Bebout appointed Claude B. Terrell, of No. 90, and Con. Trauth, of No. 7, to assist the Great Junior Sagamore in the examination of credentials. He also appointed Harry J. Richardson, of No. 3, to fill a vacancy on Committee on Returns and Reports, all other members of Standing Committees being present.

Upon the recommendation of the Credential Committee, 102 Past Sachems were admitted for the first time. The total attendance at this session was 204.

The roll call of representatives revealed the presence of a representative from each of 83 Tribes out of 109 entitled to representation.

Great Sachem Bebout presented his long talk in print, as usual, and the following extracts reveal the general condition of the Order at that time:

"Our runners have been busy in paying visitations to the various hunting grounds in this reservation, and from each hunting ground where a Tribe of our Order exists comes the glad tidings that our brothers are dwelling in peace and harmony.

No longer does the pale face nation look with distrust upon our warriors, but truly the "tomahawk has been buried" and the Red Men and pale face meet as friends.

I desire first of all to recall to your minds the motto of our beloved "Old Kentucky", "United we stand, divided we fall," and trust this may be adopted in our deliberations. The Improved Order of Red Men has a mission to perform among our fellow men that we alone can perform.

We are now permited to report the establishment and institution of more tribes within our borders, since the quenching of our last Great Sun Council fire than during any Great Sun since our Order has been in existence."

Great Sachem Bebout is in error. He reports the institution of 29 new Tribes, while during Willie Walkers administration (G. S. D. 409-410) 32 new Tribes were organized.

"Our representatives at our last Great Sun's Council placed upon the pages of our speaking book a law, in accordance with the fundamental teachings of our Order, which provided for the creation of a fund to be used in the establishment of a Home within our borders, which should be a shelter for the unfortunates of our Tribes, who may not be able to withstand the trials and hardships which attend the unprotected in this busy, hustling commercial age in which we live.

In the Great Book of Life we find this expression, 'And a little child shall lead them.' How true this is in this instance. The little children of the membership of Irondequoit Tribe, No. 38, located at Hardinsburg, were the first contributors to this fund.

After the enactment of this law, with the other laws enacted by us, the whole was presented to the Judiciary Committee of the Great Council of the United States for their approval, and having received the approval of that committee were promulgated to the Tribes."

The fate of this measure has already been recorded on these pages, and the Great Council at this time found itself with an overwhelming sentiment in favor of the law as previously passed or a similar one, but without the power of enactment.

Continuing, the Great Sachem said: "Realizing that the desire of our membership is as strong, nay stronger than ever before, for the establishment of a Red Men's Widows' and Orphans' Home in our beloved State, I beg to suggest that your Representatives to the Great Council of the United States be instructed to request that Great Council to pass an enabling act which will permit you to put your desires into execution. This request, properly presented, will, in my opinion, appeal to our brothers, members of our noble order in other reservations, in such a way that your request will be unanimously granted."

After recounting a list of appointments, visitations made, decisions and opinions, the Great Sachem again speaks as follows:

"The members of the Great Council are perhaps aware of the organization of the Great Chief of Records Association of the United States. This organization meets annually at the same time and place of the Great Council of the United States, and is composed of the Great Chiefs of Records of the several reservations. It must be apparent to all that such an organization will be of material advantage to the Order, and I desire to recommend that the Great Council of Kentucky make an allowance and request our Great Chief of Records to attend and become a member of this organization.

Conforming to the organization of the Great Chief of Records Association of the United States, I would recommend the organization of a State Association of Chiefs of Records, to be composed of the Chiefs of Records of all the Tribes in the Reservation, and urge upon all Tribes the importance of such an organization, and to make proper appropriation of wampum for the expense of their Chief of Records in attending these meetings."

Regarding Councils of the Degree of Pocahontas, he said: "I feel that this branch of our work is neglected, and that we should make more effort to assist our sisters in their noble work. I would recommend that a permanent committee to be known as the 'Committee on Degree of Pocahontas' be appointed by the Great Sachem, and the matter of organization and other duties relating to this branch of our order be referred to this committee."

The following statistics are taken from the long talk of Great Chief of Records Henry W. Ray: Adopted since last report, 2,440; admitted by card, 62; reinstated, 45; suspended, 1,336; expelled, 11; withdrawn, by card, 67; deceased, 79; present membership, 7,651; number of Tribes instituted since last report, 29; number of working tribes, 109; disbursed by Tribes for relief, $13,508.73; for burial of dead, $3,513.55; for other purposes, $48,095.02; amount invested by Tribes, $35,472.24; total worth of Tribes $59,569.00.

The Great Council by a unanimous vote instructed its Great Representatives to apply to the Great Council of the United States for an "enabling act" or to so modify its laws as to permit State Great Councils to found Homes for their widows' and orphans. The resolution was offered by Great Senior Sagamore Russell.

A Committee, consisting of Past Great Sachems Willie Walker, Ellerkamp and McFarland was appointed to escort to the Council Chamber Great Chief of Records Wilson Brooks, who had been delegated to represent the Great Incohonee at this session. The committee performed its duties, and Acting Great Incohonee Wilson Brooks was received with due honors.

The Great Sachem appointed the following as a committee on Charters: H. H. Denhardt, of No. 11; D. A. Cross, of No. 60; J. G. Renaker, of No. 37.

Mention had been made by the Great Sachem in his long talk of the terrible disaster to the hunting grounds of San Francisco by earthquake, and of an appeal for aid for sufferers from same. The Great Chief of Records reported that subscriptions to the amount of $295.45 had been received and forwarded to the Great Sachem of the reservation of California.

As at the previous Great Sun's Council an entirely new Code of laws had been adopted, the Judiciary Committee (formerly Committee on Law and Usage) had been instructed to continue as a Committee on Revision, and at this session, quite a number of amendments were reported by that committee, tending to improve and "smooth up" the laws, and were adopted.

Another attempt was made to change the time for kindling the Great Sun Council fire from Flower Moon to Hot Moon but without success.

It was claimed that the Articles of Incorporation as printed in the new Code were faulty, and never having been recorded were not in force. The Great Representatives to the Great Council of the United States were appointed a Committee to prepare new Articles and to have them recorded.

A resolution was offered to amend the laws in such a manner that the voting franchise should be limited to Representatives of Tribes only. This resolution was laid over for one Great Sun, but caused great commotion, as heretofore all Past Sachems had been qualified to vote upon all questions and in the election for chiefs, except when the representative vote might be demanded on a measure of legislation.

The representatives to the Great Council of the United States were instructed to endeavor to have the laws of the G. C. U. S. amended so as to provide for biennial instead of annual sessions.

The Great Council went into the election of Great Chiefs with the following results:

Dan H. Russell, of No. 10 was elected Great Sachem by acclamation.

Robert L. Page, of No. 80 was elected Great Senior Sagamore without opposition.

Joe H. Kemper, of No. 18 was elected Great Junior Sagamore on the first ballot, W. H. McDonald, of No. 111 being also in nomination.

Lewis L. Bebout was unanimously elected Great Prophet.

Henry Wood Ray, of No. 3 was elected Great Chief of Records for the Fourth consecutive term, Ben. C. Nunn, of No. 14, being also in nomination.

Herman V. Cohn, of No. 8 was elected Great Keeper of Wampum, S. C. Moore, of No. 7, who had filled the chieftaincy for four consecutive terms being defeated for re-election by a narrow margin.

L. L. Bebout, of No. 60, Lawrence S. Leopold, of No. 8 and H. J. McFarlan, of No. 33; were elected Great Representatives, the others in nomination being R. L. Page, of No. 80 and Willie Walker, of No. 1.

The Charter committee recommended the issuing of charters to the following named Tribes and Councils: Shawnee, No. 77, Georgetown; Tuscarora, No. 124, Tyrone; Antigo, No. 128, Claysville; Mendota, No. 131, Corinth; Oneida, No. 132, Cherokee; Paduke, No. 133, Murray; Logan, No. 134, Ewing; Wahbee, No. 135, Yocum; Wamsutta, No. 136, Dan; Tuscola, No. 137, Warfield; Connewago, No. 138, Fallsburg; Uppowoc, No. 139, Maytown; Uchees, No. 140, Rockdale; Tonnuluka, No. 141, Millers Creek; Nevada, No. 142, Flat Gap; Chickasaw, No. 143, Paintsville; Algona, No. 144, East Bernstadt; Algonquin, No. 145, Berry; Shawnese, No. 146, Cave City; Elkatawa, No. 147, Ford; Natchez, No. 148, Glenwood; Oniska, No. 149, Middlesboro; Cohota, No. 150, Louisa; Ocono, No. 113, at Campton, to replace one destroyed by fire; Collo Kene Council, No. 11, D. of P.; Chanzeck, No. 129, of Lee City, and Lechawa, No. 130, of Mize, were not granted charters, their council fires having become extinct.

The Finance Committee reported mileage paid to 111 members, amounting to $752.38 being an average of $6.771/2 per member.

Lexington was selected as the next place for kindling the Great Sun Council fire, Newport and Frankfort being in nomination.

The question on the limitation of franchise to representatives only was taken up and lost by a Tribal vote of 47 ayes to 16 nays, it requiring a four-fifths vote to pass the resolution.

The bill to limit the franchise was again offered to be considered at the next Great Suns Council.

Acting Great Incohonee Wilson Brooks then raised the Great Chiefs, appointing Past Great Sachem G. A. Ellerkamp as Great Tocakon.

Dan H. Russell, of No. 10 Great Sachem.

Robert Lee Page, of No. 80 Great Senior Sagamore.

Joe H. Kemper, of No. 18 Great Junior Sagamore.

Lewis L. Bebout, of No. 60 Great Prophet.

Henry Wood Ray, of No. 3 Great Chief of Records.

Herman V. Cohn, of No. 8 Great Keeper of Wampum.

A. Englehardt, Jr., of No. 8 Great Sannap.

L. H. Roberts, of No. 10 Great Mishinewa.

Val. J. Baader, of No. 17 Great Guard of Wigwam.

M. L. Levin, of No. 22 Great Guard of Forest.

Great Sachem Russell announced his appointments on Standing Committees as follows:

Member of Board of Appeals for three great suns-T. Hiter Crockett, of No. 67.

Trustee of Widows' and Orphans' Home Fund, for three Great Suns-Chintz Royalty, of No. 38.

Finance-Henry Schwieters, of No. 8; T. J. Tierney, of No. 80; Chas. A. Hess, of No. 10.

Judiciary-W. H. McDonald, of No. 111; R. A. Chiles, of No. 18; A. J. Steele, of No. 10.

State of the Order-Ben C. Nunn, of No. 14; Frank Hartman, of No. 5; L. Rosenfield, of No. 98.

Returns and Reports-Jacob Gross, of No. 5; Hugo Schultz, of No. 25; S. T. Rabold, of No. 11.

The appointments of the Great Sachem on Board of Appeals and Trustee of Widows' and Orphans' Home Fund were unanimously approved.

After appropriate resolutions of thanks to Blackfoot Tribe, and when the Great Prophet had said a prayer, the Great Council fire was quenched.

1907.

THIRTEENTH GREAT SUN COUNCIL.

The Thirteenth Great Sun's Council fire of the Great Council of Kentucky was kindled in the Auditorium at Woodland Park, Hunting Grounds of Lexington, under the auspices of Miantonomo Tribe, No. 1, at the 11th run, 30th breath, rising of the 14th sun of Flower Moon, G. S. D. 416.

Before the council fire had been kindled addresses of welcome and response were delivered by Hon. Thos. H. Clay, acting for Mayor Combs, Great Sachem D. H. Russell, Chief Wallace Muir, of No. 1, and Past Sachem T. Hiter Crockett, of No. 67.

All of the Great Chiefs were present, eight Great Representatives, eight Past Great Sachems, and 153 Past Sachems.

Great Chief of Records Henry W. Ray appointed Frank L. Smith, of No. 1 as Assistant Great Chief of Records.

Great Sachem Russell appointed Past Sachem Sam Marcus, of No. 8 as a member of the Committee on Returns and Reports to fill a vacancy.

The same Great Chief appointed the following to constitute a Committee on Charters:-Con. Trouth, of No. 7; H. J. McFarlan, of No. 33; Geo. S. Wiemer, of No. 6.

Great Junior Sagamore Joe H. Kemper reported the presence of 131 Past Sachems in the Forest with proper credentials, and they were admitted and received the Great Council Degree. The total attendance at this Great Council was 268.

The roll call of representatives revealed the presence of the representatives of 110 Tribes out of 145 eligible to representation.

Great Incohonee W. A. S. Bird of the Great Council of the United States was admitted and received with the Grand Honors of the Order.

Great Sachem Russell presented his long talk in print, and the following quotations will be found of interest, revealing the condition of the Order at that time:-

"Our membership now numbers over eleven thousand, with forty-five new Tribes and three new Councils. Redmanship stands in Kentucky unchallenged as one of the greatest benevolent fraternities of modern times, commanding the respect of all acquainted with its accomplishments, the admiration of all who know its purpose and the affection of all who participate around the council brands of our Tribes.

The oldest truly American fraternity has grown greater, stronger and better in our Reservation and its present position fills with pride those who have assisted in its marvelous growth during the past Great Sun, and every member must rejoice in his affiliation with such a powerful thoroughly American organization.

The Great Sachem, assisted by the brothers of all the Tribes in Jefferson County, organized a mammoth class adoption of 500 palefaces, and on the sleep of the 28th of Beaver Moon, G. S. D. 415, in the presence of Great Incohonee W. A. S. Bird, more palefaces were adopted than at any one time in the history of the Order in Kentucky."

The Great Sachem offered many recommendations for the consideration of the Great Council, in the nature of amendments to the laws, particularly regarding the matter of sick and funeral benefits, and among these recommendations the following:-concerning the clause forbidding electioneering:-"This portion of Kentucky Laws is unreasonable, inasmuch as it does not give to the members of our Order the privileges usually accorded to an American citizen. No harm can be done, and no wrong committed by the publicity of the personal wishes of a brother of our Order."

Great Sachem Russell records a vast amount of business transacted, decisions made, appointments, etc., and concludes the records of a remarkable administration as follows:-

"We come to this Great Council with every Tribe having reported and paid its per capita tax, and when the great number of Tribes in this reservation is considered, it is a remarkable condition, and it is due to the enthusiastic fraternal spirit that exists in the hearts of every Red Man in our Reservation.

The American Flag, the emblem of Freedom, renews in every Red Man's heart the true American spirit that was breathed into the souls of the Sons of Liberty and which later proclaimed for them their Independence.

The spirit of Liberty was the foundation of the greatest fraternity of modern times and this same spirit of freedom that prompted the Sons of Liberty has been given additional force by the presence of the Stars and Stripes in the council chambers of the various Tribes, and engenders more thorough fraternal and patriotic feeling than any one emblem. I suggest that the Great Council of Kentucky give each and every Tribe on the night of institution this emblem of freedom, so this same spirit will be injected into the hearts of all the newly adopted brothers."

From the long talk of the Great Chief of Records the following statistics are taken:-adopted since last report, 2,853; admitted by card, 81; reinstated, 145; suspended, 1,623; expelled, 14; withdrawn by card, 95; deceased, 65; present membership, 8,933; Number of tribes last report, 109; new tribes, 31; tribes resuscitated, 5; tribes extinct since last report, 17; whole number of tribes Jan. 1st, 1907, 128. Disbursed for relief, $13,721.55; for burial of the dead, $2,941.50; for other purposes, $41,566.25; invested by Tribes, $49,872.96; Total worth of Tribes, $78,001.86.

The Great Council of the United States had, since the last session of the Great Council of Kentucky, adopted an enabling act, permitting State Great Councils to legislate for the care and maintenance of Widows, Orphans and Aged Red Men, and a bill was now introduced with the following title, being quite similar to the one previously enacted by the Great Council of Kentucky, but which had been declared unconstitutional by the supreme authority:-

"A bill, to provide for the support of Widows and Orphans of deceased Red Men, and of Aged Red Men, and the ultimate establishment of a Home for the same."

In one respect the bill was quite different from the former, in that it provided for the immediate relief of beneficiaries, a portion of the tax proposed to be levied to be set aside for that purpose.

As has been recorded on these pages, there were two factions in the Great Council, each eager for the adoption of relief laws, but with different ideas as to the application of the same. On the one side were those who desired the immediate establishment of a Home or Institution, while on the other was the party desiring the care and support of its beneficiaries within the homes of individuals. The bill now presented provided for the trial of the latter plan, while a fund was being accumulated for the adoption of the former in the future. After discussion in the Committee of the whole and protracted debate on the floor of the Great Council the bill was adopted by a Tribal vote of 85 ayes to 11 nays.

The per capita tax was increased from 60 inches per great sun to 80 inches, fifteen inches of which to be set aside for the relief fund, and 5 inches of this to be devoted to immediate relief if required.

Great Sachem Russell immediately appointed the three members of the Board of Trustees of the Widows', Orphans' and Aged Red Men's Relief Fund, as provided in the enactment, as follows:-H. C. Yunker, of No. 7 for one Great Sun; Ben Rosenthall, of No. 14 for two Great Suns and Sam Marcus, of No. 8 for three Great Suns, the Great Sachem and Great Chief of Records being also members of the Board ex-officio.

A bill was presented providing for the reduction of the commission to be paid to organizers of new Tribes, but it failed to pass.

The contract for printing for the ensuing great sun was awarded to the Louisville Anzeiger Company of Louisville.

Upon the recommendation of the Finance Committee mileage was paid to 147 Great Chiefs, Representatives and members of Standing Committees, amounting to $970.86, being an average of $6.771/2 to each.

The old committee on Widows and Orphans reported having in its possession the sum of $472.68.

A bill was presented for future consideration providing for a maximum amount to be paid for benefits when the dues of the beneficiary are paid in advance, and a minimum when not so paid.

Great Sachem Russell was presented with a beautiful emblematic ring, on behalf of his many friends in the Order.

The famous "Disfranchisement Bill" was withdrawn and thus came to an end a measure which promised to cause much dissension.

The Committee recommended that charters be issued to the following named forty-five Tribes and three Councils of the Degree of Pocahontas, which was the largest number of Tribes ever instituted under the administration of any Great Sachem of Kentucky, and the only list excelling in number that under the administration of Willie Walker, in 1901. This record also excelled any record ever made by any other State Great Council.

Minnewa, No. 151, Whitehouse; Ontario, No. 152, Flat Lick; Black Eagle, No. 154, Gray; Rowena, No. 155, Hopkinsville; Stillwater, No. 156, Russellville; Delaware, No. 157, Blanche; Metacom, No. 158, Corbin; Shenandoah, No. 159, Logmont; Saranac, No. 160, Richardson; Iron Star, No. 161, Trosper; Yazoo, No. 162, Boston; Chicora, No. 163, Shepherdsville; Tuskeno, No. 164, Hellier; Ouray, No. 165, Oakdale; Geronimo, No. 166, London; Silver Arrow, No. 167, Lebanon Junction; Susquehanna, No. 168, Inez; Spotted Elk, No. 169, Island; White Bear, No. 170, Williamsburg; Red Crow, No. 171, Rockhold; Kill Buck, No. 172, Elizabethtown; Choctaw, No. 173, Wilton; Washtella, No. 174, Fonde; Wanalanset, No. 175, Sadieville; Cheyenne, No. 176, Chenoa; Kiowa, No. 177, Osie; Lackawaxen, No. 178, Borderland; Pewakee, No. 179, Luzerne; Uncas, No. 180, Bolts, Fork; Piute, No. 181, Culbertson; Maumee, No. 182, Graham; Cahoosic, No. 183, Leitchfield; Scioto, No. 184, Covington; Kickapoo, No. 185, Big Clifty; Potomac, No. 186, Glasgow; Sequepah, No. 187, Drakesboro; Ohio, No. 188, Hartford; Conanchet, No. 189, Halsey; Tawawa, No. 190, Centertown; Owasso, No. 191, Cleaton; Bogohama, No. 192, Princeton; Mashingomisha, No. 193, Blaine; Oklahoma, No. 194, Chambers; Trade Water, No. 195, Dawson Springs; Wenonah Council, No. 12, Tyrone; Wahneta, Council, No. 13, Blanche; Nenemoosha Council, No. 41, Bell Jellico.

New Charters were also granted Petewa Tribe, No. 41, at Central City and Mohawk, No. 20, at Shelbyville.

The election for Great Chiefs resulted as follows:-

Robert Lee Page, of No. 80 was unanimously elected Great Sachem.

Joe H. Kemper, of No. 18 was elected Great Senior Sagamore without opposition.

W. H. McDonald, of No. 111 was elected Great Junior Sagamore on the second ballot, other candidates being H. J. Northcutt, of No. 184 and Harry J. Phillips, of No. 10.

Dan H. Russell, of No. 10 was unanimously chosen Great Prophet.

Henry W. Ray, of No. 3 was unanimously elected Great Chief of Records for the fifth consecutive term.

Herman V. Cohn, of No. 8 was elected Great Keeper of Wampum without opposition for the second consecutive term.

Dan. H. Russell, of No. 10, W. A. Crader, of No. 8, John H. Boschemeyer, of No. 8 and H. H. Denhardt, of No. 11 were elected Great Representatives for two Great Suns each, and Chas. A. Hess, of No. 10 and H. J. McFarlan, of No. 33 for one Great Sun each, other candidates being Willie Walker, of No. 1; H. C. Rhodes, of No. 60; Louis Vissman, of No. 8.

Frankfort was selected as the place for kindling the next Great Sun Council fire, though the Finance Committee recommended St. Matthews.

Great Sachem Russell appointed members of the new Committee on Degree of Pocahontas, which had been created by an enactment, as follows: L. H. Roberts, of No. 10; Christ Schwitzer, of No. 17; Warren Wilson, of No. 91.

Great Sachem elect Page announced that he should consider the term of the appointees as having expired with his being raised to the Chieftaincy of Great Sachem, and would then appoint a new Committee.

Great Incohonee W. A. S. Bird, being obliged to leave, authorized Past Great Sachem G. A. Ellerkamp to raise the newly elected Great Chiefs.

The question of quorum was then raised, and it being found that not a quorum was present, further business could not be entertained, and Past Great Sachem Ellerkamp proceeded to raise the Chiefs, first appointing Past Great Sachem Willie Walker as Great Tocakon.

Robert Lee Page, of No. 80 Great Sachem

Joe H. Kemper, of No. 18 Great Senior Sagamore

W. H. McDonald, of No. 111 Great Junior Sagamore

Dan H. Russell, of No. 10 Great Prophet

Henry Wood Ray, of No. 3 Great Chief of Records

Hermann V. Cohn, of No. 8 Great Keeper of Wampum

P. J. Nelligan, of No. 80 Great Sannap

Lee W. Zweydorf, of No. 7 Great Mishinewa

L. H. Roberts, of No. 10 Great Guard of Wigwam

Val. J. Baader, of No. 17 Great Guard of Forest

The Great Sachem announced the following appointments of Standing Committees:-

Board of Appeals for three Great Suns-D. A. Cross, of No. 60.

Finance-T. J. Tierney, of No. 80; Henry Schwieters, of No. 8; S. C. Moore, of No. 7.

Judiciary-Sebastian Stone, of No. 56; Joe C. Lykins, of No. 113; R. A. Chiles, of No. 18.

State of the Order-John M. Clifford, of No. 10; Wm. Stoeckel, of No. 93; Geo. S. Weimer, of No. 6.

Degree of Pocahontas-Warren Wilson, of No. 91; H. J. Northcutt, of No. 184; W. E. Coleman, of No. 78.

Returns and Reports-Claude B. Terrell, of No. 90; G. Michael, of No. 22; Chas. Stout, of No. 19.

State Exemplifier-Frank L. Smith, of No. 1.

After suitable resolutions of appreciation of the courtesies shown by Miantonomo Tribe, No. 1, and when the Great Prophet had said a prayer, the council fire was quenched.

1908.

FOURTEENTH GREAT SUN COUNCIL.

At the tenth run, rising of the 12th sun of Flower Moon, G. S. D. 417, there gathered in the Legislative Chamber of the State Capitol, the Past Sachems of the Kentucky Tribes, visiting and local Red Men, when, under the auspices of Blackfoot Tribe, No. 67, of Frankfort, addresses of welcome to the Great Council of Kentucky were delivered by Hon. Jas. T. Buford, in behalf of Mayor Hume, Past Sachem T. Hiter Crockett, of No. 67, and Lieut. Governor Cox, responded to by Great Prophet D. H. Russell, and Great Junior Sagamore W. H. McDonald, of Barbourville.

At the close of the introductory ceremonies, and when the visitors had departed, the Great Sun Council fire was kindled in ample form, all Great Chiefs being present and all Great Representatives, eight past Great Sachems and two hundred and five Past Sachems.

Great Sachem Robert Lee Page appointed Past Great Sachem L. L. Bebout and Past Sachem Henry Yunker to assist Great Junior Sagamore W. H. McDonald in the inspection of credentials.

It being evident that the Legislative Hall was to small to accommodate the Great Council, it already being crowded with the old members, and the new not having been introduced, it was decided to adjourn to the Skating Rink, where the future sessions were held.

The record of the previous Great Council was approved as printed, when the Great Sachem presented his Long Talk, the Credential Committee not being ready to report. The document being in print was distributed and much interest was manifested in its perusal. The following extracts will be of especial interest:-

"My work is done-my labors over. It has been a Great Sun of labor, but a labor of love, and one that has the best efforts of my mind and heart.

I have sought to render efficient and faithful service, and, while the year has not been free from perplexities and responsibilities, I trust that I can return unsullied the regalia you bade me wear. It is an honor to wear the insignia of our Brotherhood-of the Fraternity which has done and is doing so much for man and country, but with power and influence come responsibilities, and this Great Order needs the care, support and helping hand of all who constitute its household.

To your efforts am I able to report the largest gain in membership and the largest number of new Tribes organized than ever before in the history of this Reservation. In fact, it has been said that Kentucky has made the best record of any Reservation in the United States. The Order has prospered beyond precedent or prophecy.

Pure religion and undefiled before the Great Spirit is this-To visit the fatherless and widows in their affliction, and to keep himself unspotted from the world."

"Inspired by this Spirit, animated by this faith, exemplifying these noble precepts by acts of helpfulness, Redmanship has, for many Great Suns, been a living power within this land, and at the close of this Great Sun has the confidence of, and dwells in honor among a free, enlightened people.

We honor a wonderful past, and rejoice in a prosperous present, yet we know that the work of the Order has not ended, and that so long as time shall last, and the enemies of society endure, it will be necessary for this and similar Orders to exist. The need of good men, honest men, men who believe in manhood and in brotherhood, who know responsibilities and can assume them, was never greater than today. This Order has given us men who have lifted human burdens and have lived to help, aid and assist their fellow man.

We have a strong, vigorous and constantly expanding organization. The past with its lessons, its struggles, its successes, is ours. We live in sunlight now; fortune has favored us; the skies are bright with promise; surely at the close of this Great Sun, we can sincerely and honestly repeat:

Oh Great Spirit from out whose hands,

The Great Suns fall like grains of sand,

We meet today, united, free,

And loyal to our land and Thee,

To thank Thee for the era done

And trust Thee for the opening one."

Concerning the Long House, the Great Sachem said: "As yet, the manner of raising wampum for this purpose has not been decided upon. The location of the Long House in this Reservation means far more for the Kentucky Redman than we realize. It means that each Great Sun Louisville will be the Mecca for a large number of the most influential members of our Order. In addition to this, it will be of great financial benefit to the Red Men and paleface merchants of Kentucky's metropolis, and, while more directly beneficial to them, is indirectly beneficial to you. This, however, should not be considered in comparison to the good that will result to the Order here."

Among the recommendations of the Great Sachem were the following:-

That a tax be levied for the purpose of raising a fund for the erection of a Long House in Louisville by the Great Council of the United States.

That some action should be taken whereby each member of the Order can be supplied with a copy of the laws.

That the time of holding the Great Sun Council should be changed from Flower Moon to Cold Moon.

That the law requiring the Chiefs of Tribes to be bonded through the chieftaincy of the Great Chief of Records be abolished.

That the salary of the incoming Great Chief of Records be increased from five hundred fathoms to nine hundred fathoms.

That a code of laws governing the Trustees of the Widows', Orphans' and Aged Red Men's Relief Fund be adopted.

After reciting a long list of opinions and decisions rendered, the Great Sachem enumerates the sixty-five Tribes and three Councils of the Degree of Pocahontas instituted during his administration, with dates, and names of Organizers and Instituting Chiefs.

After recounting the dispensations granted by himself and his Deputies, Great Sachem Page closed his admirable Long Talk as follows:

"In discharging my duties I have been made a better Red Man and a better man. I love my fellow-man more to-day than I did one Great Sun ago. I shall never cease to lend my humble aid and assistance to the cause of this great fraternity.

In conclusion I trust that in passing judgment upon my efforts and work you may be able to say: 'He hath done what he could, and in the best manner he knew how.'"

The following statistics are from the Long Talk of Great Chief of Records Henry W. Ray:-

Membership last report, 8,933; adopted, 4,486; admitted by card, 122; reinstated, 227; suspended, 1,647; expelled, 21; withdrawn by card, 109; deceased, 91; present membership, 11,950; number of Tribes last report, 128; tribes instituted, 58; extinct since last report, 6; whole number of Tribes Jan. 1, 1908, 180; gain in tribes, 52; disbursed by Tribes for relief, $16,904.12; for burial of dead, $4,103.30; amount invested by Tribes, $70,500.79; amount in wampum belts of Tribes, $33,075.79; total worth of Tribes, $103,576.78; expenses of Great Council for great Sun, $9,611.46; balance in Great Council wampum belt, $2,208.01.

The Great Representatives to the Great Council of the United States presented a report of the transactions of the Great Council of particular interest to the Great Council of Kentucky, and particularly as to the legislation in regard to the proposed Long House. The following was reported as having been adopted by the Great Council of the United States:

"Be it resolved by this Great Council of the United States: That a committee of three of its members be appointed to devise ways and means for the erection of the Long House, to be erected at Louisville, Kentucky, and to report at the next session of this Great Council. Be it further resolved, that said Committee shall consist of the present Great Incohonee as Chairman and two Past Great Incohonees to be selected by the Great Incohonee and to serve at no expense to this Great Council."

The Credential Committee then reported having approved of the credentials of 175 Past Sachems who were in waiting in the Forest, the same were admitted and instructed in the Great Council Degree. The same Committee also approved of the Credentials of the representatives of 143 Tribes. The total attendance was 343 Past Sachems.

A speaking leaf was then read from Great Incohonee W. A. S. Bird, announcing the appointment of Past Great Sachem D. H. Russell as his special representative, and the credentials were acknowledged. Acting Great Incohonee Russell was then received with the usual honors.

Great Sachem Page announced the following appointments to fill vacancies on Standing Committees:-

Degree of Pocahontas-Henry Lyons, of No. 166, Vice W. E. Coleman, of No. 78.

State of the Order-W. E. Buck, of No. 60, vice Wm. Stoeckel, of No. 93.

Past Sachem Albert Miller, of No. 1 presented the Great Council with two emblematic Tomahawks his own handiwork.

Great Sachem Page appointed the following as a Committee on Charters:-N. G. Mothershead, of No. 57; Joe Woodruff, of No. 195; J. W. DeHart, of No. 8.

The Finance Committee reported the following recommendations which were concurred in:

That the books and accounts of the Great Chief of Records, the Great Keeper of Wampum and the Trustees of the Widows', Orphans' and Aged Red Men's Relief Fund, having been audited and found correct, be approved.

That the sum of two thousand fathoms be appropriated from the funds of this Great Council for the use of the Great Sachem in the performance of his duties.

That the Kentucky Red Man and American Red Man be declared to be the official journals of this Great Council, and that the sum of one hundred and fifty fathoms be appropriated to each.

That no appropriation be made for salary of Assistant Great Chief of Records for the ensuing great sun.

That Mileage be paid to the Great Chiefs, Representatives and Members of the Standing Committees, amounting $1,457.01, an average of $8.18 to each of 178 individuals.

The Judiciary Committee reported having approved of the by-laws of 53 Tribes and Councils.

The following amendment to the laws was unanimously adopted it being mandatory, in conformity to a requirement of the Great Council of the United States:-No paleface following the occupation of saloon keeper, bar tender, liquor dealer or professional gambler shall be eligible to membership in a Tribe of the Improved Order of Red Men.

Great Senior Sagamore J. H. Kemper, who until this time had been absent, entered the Council Chamber and was given a fraternal reception.

The Great Chief of Records was authorized to have printed in convenient form the Constitution governing Tribes.

The Great Chief of Records was authorized and instructed to attend the sessions of the Great Chief of Records Association, at the expense of the Great Council.

A model code of by-laws was authorized, under which new Tribes are required to work at least six moons after instituted.

The law requiring the Great Chief of Records to notify all Tribes of all suspensions was repealed.

The law requiring the financial chiefs of Tribes to be bonded in a specified bonding company was repealed, leaving it to each Tribe to make its own selection of a Company.

The salary of the Great Chief of Records was increased from 500 to 900 fathoms per great sun.

An amendment was presented to provide for additional revenue for the purpose of erecting a Widows' and Orphans' Home, but action on same was deferred for one great sun.

An attempt to provide for the appointment of official organizers was defeated.

The Board of Trustees of the Widows', Orphans' and Aged Red Men's Relief Fund reported a code of laws to govern that Body, and the disbursement of relief, which was unanimously adopted.

The report of the Secretary of that Board, Bro. Sam Marcus, shows, total amount in the Home Fund $1,122.51; total amount disbursed for relief, $73.00; total balance in relief fund, $312.07.

A bill was presented reducing the amount to be paid organizers to $2.00 for each paleface, but was defeated.

Lexington was selected as the place for the kindling of the next great sun council fire, Bowling Green and Elizabethtown being also in nomination.

Past Great Sachem L. L. Bebout in a characteristic speech presented Great Sachem Robert Lee Page with a beautiful and costly silver service, the joint gift of many Tribes and individuals. Great Sachem Page responded, expressing his heartfelt appreciation of the handsome tribute.

Great Junior Sagamore W. H. McDonald presented a Great Representative's sash to Acting Great Incohonee D. H. Russell, which that Great Chief accepted in appropriate terms.

Great Prophet Russell, in behalf of Past Sachem N. Bierman, of Cherokee Tribe, No. 8, offered as a reward for faithful work for the Order an emblematic Ring to the member of the Order who shall bring into his Tribe the greatest number of new members in each Great Sun, counting from each Great Council.

The contract for the printing for the ensuing great sun was let to The Louisville Anzeiger Company, the Record being the base, at $1.00 per page.

The run having arrived for the election of Great Chiefs, the Great Sachem announced that when tellers were required to receive and count ballots, each candidate in nomination for Chieftaincy should have the privilege of appointing one of the tellers in his race.

Past Great Sachem H. H. Denhardt presiding, the election took place, resulting as follows:

Robert Lee Page was unanimously elected Great Prophet.

Joe H. Kemper, of No. 18 was elected Great Sachem by acclamation.

W. H. McDonald, of No. 111 was elected Great Senior Sagamore, there being no other candidates in nomination.

Homer J. Northcutt, of No. 184 was elected Great Junior Sagamore, Wm. A. Grader, of No. 8, being also in nomination, and lost by small margin.

Frank L. Smith, of No. 1 was elected Great Chief of Records, other candidates in nomination being T. J. Tierney, of No. 80; J. M. Holstner, of No. 10 and C. F. Melton, of No. 81. Henry W. Ray, the retiring Great Chief of Records, having served for five consecutive great suns, was awarded the honors of a Past Great Sachem and declined to be a candidate for re-election.

Herman V. Cohn, of No. 8, was elected Great Keeper of Wampum for the third term, M. M. Redding, of No. 64 being also in nomination.

Four Great Representatives to the Great Council of the United States were elected, each to serve for two great suns as follows:-Past Great Sachem Robert Lee Page, of No. 80; L. L. Bebout, of No. 60; G. A. Ellerkamp, of No. 8 and Henry Wood Ray, of No. 3. Other candidates in nomination were Past Great Sachem H. J. McFarlan, of No. 33; Past Sachem Lawrence S. Leopold, of No. 8; Past Great Sachem John D. Walker, of No. 1; Past Sachem Chas. A. Hess, of No. 10.

A bill was presented and passed increasing the per capita tax to be levied upon Tribes to five feet each six moons, the additional ten inches to be set aside as a special fund to aid the Great Council of the United States in the erection of a Long House, or permanent headquarters in the hunting grounds of Louisville.

Great Sachem Page announced the appointment of Henry C. Yunker as a member of the Board of Trustees of the Widows', Orphans' and Aged Red Men's Relief Fund for three great suns.

Upon the recommendation of the Committee, charters were granted to the following named New Tribes and Councils:-Ogallala, No. 196, Polsgrove Landing; Nipsit, No. 197, Pilgrim; Suwanee, No. 198, Trinity; Shawmut, No. 199, Jattie; Merrimac, No. 200, Hammond; Adirondack, No. 201, Clifford; Walla Walla, No. 202, Calhoun; Creek, No. 203, Dayton; Arapahoe, No. 204, Providence; Brule, No. 205, Clay; Naugatuck, No. 206, West Naugatuck; Monon, No. 207, Stamping Ground; Saginaw, No. 208, Denton; Pewawbeek, No. 209, Hopper; Sangamon, No. 210, Manchester; Emahaka, No. 211, Morganfield; Weshaway, No. 212, Wofford; Agawam, No. 213, Catlettsburg; Manhattan, No. 214, Jellico; Wahnahton, No. 215, McCarr; Kearsarge, No. 216, Aberdeen; Tuscahoma, No. 217, Charley; Chicotah, No. 218, Dekoven; Incas, No. 219, Fletcher; Petaluma, No. 220, Lily; Samoset, No. 221, Majestic; Canonicus, No. 222, Gallup; Kennebec, No. 223, Meek; Watstika, No. 224, Marion; Santana, No. 225, Pikeville; Itaska, No. 226, Rumsey; Monadnock, No. 227, Slick Rock Creek; Ozark, No. 228, Elkhorn City; Tuskaloosa, No. 229, Benton; Ioka, No. 230, South Carrollton; Ninegret, No. 231, Elk Lick; Anawan, No. 232, Big Creek; Napanee, No. 233, Muddy Branch; Pocasset, No. 234, Uniontown; Waco, No. 235, Oneida; Kokomo, No. 236, Danleyton; Tonkawa, No. 237, Sebree; Tecumseh, No. 238, Tannery; Pokonoket, No. 239, Bush; Erie, No. 240, Fork Ridge; Kiowon, No. 241, Slaughtersville; Ramona, No. 242, Sawyer; Chicopee, No. 243, Bonanza; Washoan, No. 244, Onton; Horicon, No. 245, Morgantown; Alleghan, No. 246, Burnwell; Nokonan, No. 247, Ashbyburg; Beaver, No. 248, Allen; Kewanee, No. 249, Greenville; Genesee, No. 250, Hunnewell; Chessapeake, No. 251, Dixon; Tonikan, No. 252, Madisonville; Kenaway, No. 253, Harlan; Casco, No. 254, Beaver Dam; Canadawa, No. 255, Barnetts Creek; Atabaska, No. 256, Cromwell; Waukesha, No. 257, Teague; Cayuga, No. 258, Maplesville; Dekorra, No. 259, Ingram; Catawissa, No. 260, St. Charles. Councils of the Degree of Pocahontas:-Aletah, No. 15, Middlesboro; Minnewawa, No. 16, Jennings; Leola, No. 17, Georgetown.

A bill was presented, to lay over one great sun, providing for a reduction in the fee for admission by withdrawal card.

Acting Great Incohonee D. H. Russell, assisted by Past Great Sachem G. A. Ellerkamp, as Great Tocakon, raised the Great Chiefs as follows:-

Joe H. Kemper, of No. 18 Great Sachem

W. H. McDonald, of No. 111 Great Senior Sagamore

Homer J. Northcutt, of No. 184 Great Junior Sagamore

Robert Lee Page, of No. 80 Great Prophet

Frank L. Smith, of No. 1 Great Chief of Records

Hermann V. Cohn, of No. 8 Great Keeper of Wampum

Ben C. Nunn, of No. 14 Great Sannap

A. Englehard, Jr., of No. 8 Great Mishinewa

W. E. Buck, of No. 60 Great Guard of Wigwam

L. H. Roberts, of No. 10 Great Guard of Forest

Great Sachem Kemper announced the appointment of Past Sachem Geo. W. Hinesley, of No. 8 as a member of the Board of Appeals for three great suns.

Following were the appointments on Standing Committees:

Finance-Henry Schwieters, of No. 8; R. F. Arnett, of No. 1; Roy C. Scott, of No. 18.

Judiciary-Robert T. Crowe, of No. 33; Claude B. Terrell, of No. 90; Chas. A. Davis, of No. 111.

State of the Order-W. B. Dillon, of No. 166; R. S. Hunter, of No. 11; John J. Sandmann, of No. 70.

Degree of Pocahontas-J. M. Clifford, of No. 10; W. Fred Thomas, of No. 3; T. J. Tierney, of No. 80.

Returns and Reports-Sebastian Stone, of No. 56; V. M. Hainline, of No. 18; T. H. Sanders, of No. 89.

The thanks of the Great Council were extended to Robert Lee Page, for his dignified, fair and impartial rulings, and to Blackfoot Tribe for its hospitality.

Past Great Sachem's Jewels were presented to Henry Wood Ray and Robert Lee Page, and when the Great Prophet had said a prayer, the council fire was quenched.

* * *