a. Pores of spring wood large, conspicuously so. White Elm.
b. Pores of spring wood small to minute.
a'. Lines of pores in summer wood fine, not as wide as the intermediate spaces, giving rise to very compact grain. Rock Elm.
b'. Lines of pores broad, commonly as wide as the intermediate spaces. Winged Elm.
c. Pores in spring wood indis
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