Chapter 3 No.3

VHF very-high-frequency

VSAT very small aperture terminal

W

WADB West African Development Bank

WAEMU West African Economic and Monetary Union

WCL World Confederation of Labor

WCO World Customs Organization; see Customs Cooperation Council

Wetlands Convention on Wetlands of International Importance Especially

As Waterfowl Habitat

WEU Western European Union

WFC World Food Council

WFP World Food Program

WFTU World Federation of Trade Unions

Whaling International Convention for the Regulation of Whaling

WHO World Health Organization

WIPO World Intellectual Property Organization

WMO World Meteorological Organization

WP Warsaw Pact

WTO see WToO for World Tourism Organization or WTrO for World Trade

Organization

WToO World Tourism Organization

WTrO World Trade Organization

Y

YAR

Yemen Arab Republic [Yemen (Sanaa) or North Yemen]; used for information dated before 22 May 1990 or CY91

Z

ZC Zangger Committee

______________________________________________________________________

@Appendix B: United Nations System

[Appendix B of the 1998 CIA World Factbook is a graphic depiction of the structure of the United Nations. It is not included in the Project Gutenberg edition.]

______________________________________________________________________

@Appendix C: International Organizations and Groups

advanced developing countries another term for those less developed countries (LDCs) with particularly rapid industrial development; see newly industrializing economies (NIEs) _________________________________________________________________

advanced economies a new term used by the International Monetary FUND (IMF) for the top group in its hierarchy of advanced economies, countries in transition, and developing countries; recently published IMF statistics include the following 28 advanced economies: Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hong Kong, Iceland, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan, South Korea, Luxembourg, Netherlands, NZ, Norway, Portugal, Singapore, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Taiwan, UK, US; note - this group would presumably also cover the following seven smaller countries of Andorra, Bermuda, Faroe Islands, Holy See, Liechtenstein, Monaco, and San Marino which are included in the more comprehensive group of "developed countries" _________________________________________________________________

African, Caribbean, and Pacific Group of States (ACP Group) address - Avenue Georges Henri 451, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium telephone - [32] (2) 743 06 00 FAX - [32] (2) 735 55 73 established - 6 June 1975 aim - to manage their preferential economic and aid relationship with the EU members - (71) Angola, Antigua and Barbuda, The Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Benin, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Congo, Cote d'Ivoire, Djibouti, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Fiji, Gabon, The Gambia, Ghana, Grenada, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Jamaica, Kenya, Kiribati, Lesotho, Liberia, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mozambique, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, Papua New Guinea, Rwanda, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Samoa, Sao Tome and Principe, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Solomon Islands, Somalia, South Africa Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland, Tanzania, Togo, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Tuvalu, Uganda, Vanuatu, Zambia, Zimbabwe _________________________________________________________________

African Development Bank (AfDB) note - also known as Banque Africaine de Developpement (BAD) address - 01 BP 1387, Abidjan 01, Cote d'Ivoire telephone - [225] 20 44 44 FAX - [225] 21 77 53 established - 4 August 1963 aim - to promote economic and social development regional members - (53) Algeria, Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Congo, Cote d'Ivoire, Djibouti, Egypt, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Gabon, The Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Kenya, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Mauritius, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda, Sao Tome and Principe, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Somalia, South Africa, Sudan, Swaziland, Tanzania, Togo, Tunisia, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe nonregional members - (25) Argentina, Austria, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, China, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, India, Italy, Japan, South Korea, Kuwait, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Saudi Arabia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, UAE, UK, US _________________________________________________________________

Agence de Cooperation Culturelle et Technique (ACCT) see Agency for the French-speaking Community (ACCT) _________________________________________________________________

Agence de la francophonie (ACCT) see Agency for the French-speaking Community (ACCT) _________________________________________________________________

Agency for Cultural and Technical Cooperation (ACCT) see Agency for the French-speaking Community (ACCT); acronym from Agence de Cooperation Culturelle et Technique _________________________________________________________________

Agency for the French-Speaking Community (ACCT) note - formerly Agency for Cultural and Technical Cooperation address - 13 Quai Andre-Citroen, F-75015 Paris, France telephone - [33] (1) 44 37 33 00 FAX - [33] (1) 45 79 14 98 established - 20 March 1970 name changed - 1996 aim - to promote cultural and technical cooperation among French-speaking countries members - (41) Belgium, Benin, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Congo, Cote d'Ivoire, Djibouti, Dominica, Equatorial Guinea, France, Gabon, Guinea, Haiti, Laos, Lebanon, Luxembourg, Madagascar, Mali, Mauritius, Moldova, Monaco, Niger, Romania, Rwanda, Sao Tome and Principe, Senegal, Seychelles, Switzerland, Togo, Tunisia, Vanuatu, Vietnam associate members - (5) Egypt, Guinea-Bissau, Mauritania, Morocco, Saint Lucia participating governments - (2) New Brunswick (Canada), Quebec (Canada) _________________________________________________________________

Agency for the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons in Latin America and the Caribbean (OPANAL) note - acronym from Organismo para la Proscripcion de las Armas Nucleares en la America Latina y el Caribe (OPANAL) address - Temistocles 78, Col Polanco, CP 011560, Mexico City 5 DF, Mexico telephone - [52] (5) 280 4923, 280 5064, 280 2715 FAX - [52] (5) 280 2965 established - 14 February 1967 under the Treaty of Tlatelolco effective - 25 April 1969 on the 11th ratification of the treaty aim - to encourage the peaceful uses of atomic energy and prohibit nuclear weapons members - (32) Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, The Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Grenada, Guatemala, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, Uruguay, Venezuela _________________________________________________________________

Andean Community of Nations (CAN) note - formerly known as the Andean Group (AG), the Andean Parliament, and most recently as the Andean Common Market (Ancom) address - c/o General Secretariat of the Andean Community, Paseo de la Republica 3895, Casilla 18-1177, Lima 18, Peru telephone - [51] (1) 221 2222 FAX - [51] (1) 221 3329 established - 26 May 1969; present name established 1 October 1992 effective - 16 October 1969 aim - to promote harmonious development through economic integration members - (5) Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Venezuela associate member - (1) Panama _________________________________________________________________

Andean Group (AG) see Andean Community of Nations (CAN) _________________________________________________________________

Arab Bank for Economic Development in Africa (ABEDA) note - also known as Banque Arabe de Developpement Economique en Afrique (BADEA) address - Abdel Rahman El Mahdi Avenue, P. O. Box 2640, Khartoum, Sudan telephone - [249] (11) 770498, 773646, 773709 FAX - [249] (11) 770600 established - 18 February 1974 effective - 16 September 1974 aim - to promote economic development members - (17 plus the Palestine Liberation Organization) Algeria, Bahrain, Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Libya, Mauritania, Morocco, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Sudan, Syria, Tunisia, UAE, Palestine Liberation Organization; note - these are all the members of the Arab League excluding Comoros, Djibouti, Somalia, Yemen _________________________________________________________________

Arab Cooperation Council (ACC) established - 16 February 1989 aim - to promote economic cooperation and integration, possibly leading to an Arab Common Market members - (4) Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Yemen _________________________________________________________________

Arab Fund for Economic and Social Development (AFESD) address - P. O. Box 21923, Safat 13080, Kuwait telephone - [965] 4844500 FAX - [965] 4815750, 4815760, 4815770 established - 16 May 1968 aim - to promote economic and social development members - (21 plus the Palestine Liberation Organization) Algeria, Bahrain, Comoros, Djibouti, Egypt (suspended from 1979 to 1988), Iraq (suspended 1993), Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Libya, Mauritania, Morocco, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Somalia (suspended 1993), Sudan (suspended 1993), Syria, Tunisia, UAE, Yemen, Palestine Liberation Organization _________________________________________________________________

Arab League (AL) note - also known as League of Arab States (LAS) address - Midan Attahrir, Tahrir Square, P. O. Box 11642, Cairo, Egypt telephone - [20] (2) 750 511 FAX - [20] (2) 740 331 established - 22 March 1945 aim - to promote economic, social, political, and military cooperation members - (21 plus the Palestine Liberation Organization) Algeria, Bahrain, Comoros, Djibouti, Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Libya, Mauritania, Morocco, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Somalia, Sudan, Syria, Tunisia, UAE, Yemen, Palestine Liberation Organization _________________________________________________________________

Arab Maghreb Union (AMU) address - 27 Avenue Okba Agdal, Rabat, Morocco telephone - [212] (7) 77 26 82, 77 26 76, 77 26 68 FAX - [212] (7) 77 26 93 established - 17 February 1989 aim - to promote cooperation and integration among the Arab states of northern Africa members - (5) Algeria, Libya, Mauritania, Morocco, Tunisia _________________________________________________________________

Arab Monetary Fund (AMF) address - P. O. Box 2818, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates telephone - [971] (2) 215000, 328500 FAX - [971] (2) 326454 established - 27 April 1976 effective - 2 February 1977 aim - to promote Arab cooperation, development, and integration in monetary and economic affairs members - (20 plus the Palestine Liberation Organization) Algeria, Bahrain, Djibouti, Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Libya, Mauritania, Morocco, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Somalia, Sudan, Syria, Tunisia, UAE, Yemen, Palestine Liberation Organization _________________________________________________________________

Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) address - APEC Secretariat, 438 Alexandra Road, 14-00 Alexandra Point, 14th Floor 01/04, Singapore 119958, Singapore telephone - [65] 276 1880 FAX - [65] 276 1775 established - 7 November 1989 aim - to promote trade and investment in the Pacific basin members - (21) Australia, Brunei, Canada, Chile, China, Hong Kong, Indonesia, Japan, South Korea, Malaysia, Mexico, NZ, Papua New Guinea, Peru, Philippines, Russia, Singapore, Taiwan, Thailand, US, Vietnam observers - (3) Association of Southeast Asian Nations, Pacific Economic Cooperation Conference, South Pacific Forum _________________________________________________________________

Asian Development Bank (AsDB) address - 6 ADB Avenue, Mandaluyong, 0401 METRO Manila, Philippines telephone - [63] (2) 711 3851 FAX - [63] (2) 741 7961, 631 6816 established - 19 December 1966 aim - to promote regional economic cooperation regional members - (41) Afghanistan, Australia, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Burma, Cambodia, China, Cook Islands, Fiji, Hong Kong, India, Indonesia, Japan, Kazakhstan, Kiribati, South Korea, Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Malaysia, Maldives, Marshall Islands, Federated States of Micronesia, Mongolia, Nauru, Nepal, NZ, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Samoa, Singapore, Solomon Islands, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Tajikistan, Thailand, Tonga, Tuvalu, Uzbekistan, Vanuatu, Vietnam nonregional members - (16) Austria, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, UK, US _________________________________________________________________

Asociacion Latinoamericana de Integracion (ALADI) see Latin American Integration Association (LAIA) _________________________________________________________________

Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) note - the ASEAN Regional Forum (ARF) consists of the 9 ASEAN members, 2 observers, 2 consultative partners, and 8 dialogue partners: Australia, Canada, EU, India, Japan, South Korea, New Zealand, US address - 70 A Jalan Sisingamangaraja, Jakarta 12110, Indonesia telephone - [62] (21) 7262991, 7243372 FAX - [62] (21) 7398234, 7243504 established - 8 August 1967 aim - to encourage regional economic, social, and cultural cooperation among the non-Communist countries of Southeast Asia members - (10) Brunei, Burma, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, Vietnam observer - (1) Papua New Guinea consultative partners - (2) China, Russia _________________________________________________________________

Australia Group established - 1984 aim - to consult on and coordinate export controls related to chemical and biological weapons members - (28) Argentina, Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Luxembourg, Netherlands, NZ, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, UK, US; note - may now include only 23 countries observer - (1) Singapore _________________________________________________________________

Australia-New Zealand-United States Security Treaty (ANZUS) address - c/o Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, Bag 8, Queen Victoria Terrace, Canberra ACT 2600, Australia telephone - [61] (6) 261 91 11 FAX - [61] (6) 261 21 51 established - 1 September 1951 effective - 29 April 1952 aim - to implement a trilateral mutual security agreement, although the US suspended security obligations to NZ on 11 August 1986; Australia and the US continue to hold annual meetings members - (3) Australia, NZ, US _________________________________________________________________

Banco Centroamericano de Integracion Economico (BCIE) see Central American Bank for Economic Integration (BCIE) _________________________________________________________________

Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo (BID) see Inter-American Development Bank (IADB) _________________________________________________________________

Bank for International Settlements (BIS) address - Centralbahnplatz 2, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland telephone - [41] (61) 280 80 80 FAX - [41] (61) 280 91 00, 280 81 00 established - 20 January 1930 effective - 17 March 1930 aim - to promote cooperation among central banks in international financial settlements members - (45) Australia, Austria, Belgium, Brazil, Bulgaria, Canada, China, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hong Kong, Hungary, Iceland, India, Ireland, Italy, Japan, South Korea, Latvia, Lithuania, The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Mexico, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia, South Africa, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, UK, US, Yugoslavia (suspended) _________________________________________________________________

Banque Africaine de Developpement (BAD) see African Development Bank (AfDB) _________________________________________________________________

Banque Arabe de Developpement Economique en Afrique (BADEA) see Arab Bank for Economic Development in Africa (ABEDA) _________________________________________________________________

Banque de Developpement des Etats de l'Afrique Centrale (BDEAC) see Central African States Development Bank (BDEAC) _________________________________________________________________

Banque Ouest-Africaine de Developpement (BOAD) see West African Development Bank (WADB) _________________________________________________________________

Benelux Economic Union (Benelux) note - acronym from Belgium, Netherlands, and Luxembourg address - Rue de la Regence 39, B-1000 Brussels, Belgium telephone - [32] (2) 519 38 11 FAX - [32] (2) 513 42 06 established - 3 February 1958 effective - 1 November 1960 aim - to develop closer economic cooperation and integration members - (3) Belgium, Luxembourg, Netherlands _________________________________________________________________

Big Seven note - membership is the same as the Group of 7 established - NA 1975 aim - to discuss and coordinate major economic policies members - (7) Big Six (Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, UK) plus the US _________________________________________________________________

Big Six note - not to be confused with the Group of 6 established - NA 1967 aim - to foster economic cooperation members - (6) Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, UK _________________________________________________________________

Black Sea Economic Cooperation Zone (BSEC) address - Istinye Cad Musir Fuad Pasa Yalisi Eski Tersame, Istinye 80860, Istanbul, Turkey telephone - [90] (212) 229 6330 FAX - [90] (212) 229 6336 established - 25 June 1992 aim - to enhance regional stability through economic cooperation members - (11) Albania, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bulgaria, Georgia, Greece, Moldova, Romania, Russia, Turkey, Ukraine observers - (7) Austria, Egypt, Israel, Italy, Poland, Slovakia, Tunisia _________________________________________________________________

Caribbean Community and Common Market (Caricom) address - Caricom, P. O. Box 10827, Bank of Guyana Building, 3rd floor, Avenue of the Republic, Georgetown, Guyana telephone - [592] (2) 69281 through 69289 FAX - [592] (2) 66091, 67816, 57341 established - 4 July 1973 effective - 1 August 1973 aim - to promote economic integration and development, especially among the less developed countries members - (14) Antigua and Barbuda, The Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Dominica, Grenada, Guyana, Jamaica, Montserrat, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago associate members - (3) Anguilla, British Virgin Islands, Turks and Caicos Islands observers - (10) Aruba, Bermuda, Cayman Islands, Colombia, Dominican Republic, Haiti, Mexico, Netherlands Antilles, Puerto Rico, Venezuela _________________________________________________________________

Caribbean Development Bank (CDB) address - P. O. Box 408, Wildey, St. Michael, Barbados telephone - [1] (246) 431 1600 FAX - [1] (246) 426 7269 established - 18 October 1969 effective - 26 January 1970 aim - to promote economic development and cooperation regional members - (20) Anguilla, Antigua and Barbuda, The Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, British Virgin Islands, Cayman Islands, Colombia, Dominica, Grenada, Guyana, Jamaica, Mexico, Montserrat, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Trinidad and Tobago, Turks and Caicos Islands, Venezuela nonregional members - (6) Canada, China, France, Germany, Italy, UK _________________________________________________________________

Cartagena Group see Group of 11 _________________________________________________________________

Central African Customs and Economic Union (UDEAC) note - acronym from Union Douaniere et Economique de l'Afrique Centrale address - BP 969, Bangui, Central African Republic telephone - [236] 61 09 22, 61 45 77 FAX - [236] 61 21 35 established - 8 December 1964 effective - 1 January 1966 aim - to promote the establishment of a Central African Common Market members - (6) Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Republic of the Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon _________________________________________________________________

Central African States Development Bank (BDEAC) note - acronym from Banque de Developpement des Etats de l'Afrique Centrale address - BDEAC, Place du Gouvernement, BP 1177, Brazzaville, Republic of the Congo telephone - [242] 81 18 85 FAX - [242] 81 18 80 established - 3 December 1975 aim - to provide loans for economic development members - (9) Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Republic of the Congo, Equatorial Guinea, France, Gabon, Germany, Kuwait _________________________________________________________________

Central American Bank for Economic Integration (BCIE) note - acronym from Banco Centroamericano de Integracion Economico address - Apartado Postal 772, Tegucigalpa DC, Honduras telephone - [504] 228 2243 FAX - [504] 228 2185 established - 13 December 1960 signature of Articles of Agreement; 31 May 1961 began operations aim - to promote economic integration and development members - (5) Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua nonregional members - (4) Argentina, Colombia, Mexico, Taiwan _________________________________________________________________

Central American Common Market (CACM) address - c/o SIECA, Apartado Postal 1237, 4a Avenida 10-25, Zona 14, Guatemala 01901, Guatemala telephone - [502] (2) 682151, 682152, 682153, 682154 FAX - [502] (2) 681071 established - 13 December 1960, collapsed in 1969, reinstated in 1991 aim - to promote establishment of a Central American Common Market members - (5) Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua; note - Panama, although not a member, pursues full regional cooperation _________________________________________________________________

Central European Initiative (CEI) note - evolved from the Quadrilateral Initiative and the Hexagonal Group address - European Bank for Reconstruction and Development, One Exchange Square, London EC2A 2EH, UK telephone - [44] (171) 338 6152 FAX - [44] (171) 338 7472 established - 11 November 1989 as the Quadrilateral Initiative, 27 July 1991 became the Hexagonal Initiative, NA 1992 present name adopted aim - to form an economic and political cooperation group for the region between the Adriatic and the Baltic Seas members - (16) Albania, Austria, Belarus, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Hungary, Italy, The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Moldova, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Ukraine _________________________________________________________________

centrally planned economies a term applied mainly to the traditionally communist states that looked to the former USSR for leadership; most are now evolving toward more democratic and market-oriented systems; also known formerly as the Second World or as the communist countries; through the 1980s, this group included Albania, Bulgaria, Cambodia, China, Cuba, Czechoslovakia, GDR, Hungary, North Korea, Laos, Mongolia, Poland, Romania, USSR, Vietnam, Yugoslavia _________________________________________________________________

Colombo Plan (CP) address - Colombo Plan Bureau, P. O. Box 596, 12 Melbourne Avenue, Colombo 4, Sri Lanka telephone - [94] (1) 581813, 581853, 581754 FAX - [94] (1) 581754 established - NA May 1950 proposal was adopted; 1 July 1951 commenced full operations aim - to promote economic and social development in Asia and the Pacific members - (24) Afghanistan, Australia, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Burma, Cambodia, Fiji, India, Indonesia, Iran, Japan, South Korea, Laos, Malaysia, Maldives, Nepal, NZ, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Thailand, US _________________________________________________________________

Commission for Social Development note - formerly Social Commission address - General Assembly and ECOSOC Affairs Division, Department of General Assembly Affairs and Conference Services, United Nations, Room S-2950, New York, NY 10017, US telephone - [1] (212) 963 1234 FAX - [1] (212) 963 5935 established - 21 June 1946 as the Social Commission, renamed 29 July 1966 aim - to deal, as part of the Economic and Social Council, with social development programs of UN members - (46) selected on a rotating basis from all regions _________________________________________________________________

Commission on Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice address - Center for International Crime Prevention, Vienna International Center, P. O. Box 500, A-1400 Vienna, Austria telephone - [43] (1) 21345, extension 4272 FAX - [43] (1) 21345 5898, 21345 5841 established - 6 February 1992 aim - to provide guidance, as part of the Economic and Social Council, on crime prevention and criminal justice members - (40) selected on a rotating basis from all regions _________________________________________________________________

Commission on Human Rights address - c/o Secretariat, United Nations Office of the High Commissioner of Human Rights, United Nations Office at Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva 10, Switzerland telephone - [41] (22) 917 90 00, 907 92 60 FAX - [41] (22) 917 90 11 established - 18 February 1946 aim - to assist, as part of the Economic and Social Council, with human rights programs of UN members - (53) selected on a rotating basis from all regions _________________________________________________________________

Commission on Narcotic Drugs address - c/o United Nations Drug Control Programme, Treaty Implementation and Legal Affairs Branch, P. O. Box 500, A-1400 Vienna, Austria telephone - [43] (1) 213450 FAX - [43] (1) 21345-5885 established - 16 February 1946 aim - Economic and Social Council organization dealing with illicit drugs programs of UN members - (53) selected on a rotating basis from all regions with emphasis on producing and processing countries _________________________________________________________________

Commission on Population and Development address - Division for Policy and Coordination and ECOSOC Affairs, Department for Policy Coordination and Sustainable Development, United Nations, Room 2963, New York, NY 10017, US telephone - [1] (212) 963 1234 FAX - [1] (212) 963 5935 established - 10 August 1948 aim - to deal with population matters of importance to the UN, as part of Economic and Social Council members - (47) selected on a rotating basis from all regions _________________________________________________________________

Commission on Science and Technology for Development address - General Assembly and ECOSOC Affairs Division, Department of General Assembly Affairs and Conference Services, United Nations, New York, NY 10017, US telephone - [1] (212) 963 1234 FAX - [1] (212) 963 5935 established - 20 July 1992 aim - to promote international cooperation, as part of the Economic and Social Council, in the field of science and technology members - (33) selected on a rotating basis from all regions _________________________________________________________________

Commission on Sustainable Development address - Division for Sustainable Development, United Nations Department for Policy Coordination and Sustainable Development, Room DC2-2274, New York, NY 10017, US telephone - [1] (212) 963 0902 FAX - [1] (212) 963 4260 established - 12 February 1993 aim - to monitor, as part of the Economic and Social Council, implementation of agreements reached at the UN Conference on Environment and Development members - (53) selected on a rotating basis from all regions _________________________________________________________________

Commission on the Status of Women address - Division for the Advancement of Women, Department for Economic and Social Affairs, United Nations, Room DC2-1200, New York, NY 10017, US telephone - [1] (212) 963 3177 FAX - [1] (212) 963 3463 established - 21 June 1946 aim - to deal, as part of the Economic and Social Council, with women's rights goals of UN members - (45) selected on a rotating basis from all regions _________________________________________________________________

Commonwealth (C) note - also known as Commonwealth of Nations address - c/o Commonwealth Secretariat, Marlborough House, Pall Mall, London SW1Y 5HX, UK telephone - [44] (171) 839 3411, 747 6535 FAX - [44] (171) 930 0827, 839 9081 established - 31 December 1931 aim - to foster multinational cooperation and assistance, as a voluntary association that evolved from the British Empire members - (53) Antigua and Barbuda, Australia, The Bahamas, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belize, Botswana, Brunei, Cameroon, Canada, Cyprus, Dominica, Fiji, The Gambia, Ghana, Grenada, Guyana, India, Jamaica, Kenya, Kiribati, Lesotho, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Malta, Mauritius, Mozambique, Namibia, Nauru, NZ, Nigeria, Pakistan (suspended), Papua New Guinea, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Samoa, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Solomon Islands, South Africa, Sri Lanka, Swaziland, Tanzania, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Uganda, UK, Vanuatu, Zambia, Zimbabwe special members - (1) Tuvalu _________________________________________________________________

Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) address - Kirov Street 17, 220000 Minsk, Belarus telephone - [375] 223434, 223517 FAX - [375] 261944, 272339 established - 8 December 1991 effective - 21 December 1991 aim - to coordinate intercommonwealth relations and to provide a mechanism for the orderly dissolution of the USSR members - (12) Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, Uzbekistan _________________________________________________________________

Commonwealth of Nations see Commonwealth (C) _________________________________________________________________

Communaute Economique de l'Afrique de l'Ouest (CEAO) see West African Economic Community (CEAO) _________________________________________________________________

Communaute Economique des Etats de l'Afrique Centrale (CEEAC) see Economic Community of Central African States (CEEAC) _________________________________________________________________

Communaute Economique des Pays des Grands Lacs (CEPGL) see Economic Community of the Great Lakes Countries (CEPGL) _________________________________________________________________

communist countries traditionally the Marxist-Leninist states with authoritarian governments and command economies based on the Soviet model; most of the original and the successor states are no longer communist; see centrally planned economies _________________________________________________________________

Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe (CSCE) see Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) _________________________________________________________________

Conseil Europeenne pour la Recherche Nucleaire (CERN) see European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN) _________________________________________________________________

Contadora Group (CG) established 5 January 1983 (on the Panamanian island of Contadora) to reduce tensions and conflicts in Central America; members included Colombia, Mexico, Panama, Venezuela; has evolved into the Rio Group (RG) _________________________________________________________________

Cooperation Council for the Arab States of the Gulf see Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) _________________________________________________________________

Coordinating Committee on Export Controls (COCOM) established in 1949 to control the export of strategic products and technical data from member countries to proscribed destinations; members were Australia, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Japan, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Turkey, UK, US; abolished 31 March 1994; COCOM members are working on a new organization with expanded membership which focuses on nonproliferation export controls as opposed to East-West control of advanced technology _________________________________________________________________

Council for Mutual Economic Assistance (CEMA) note - also known as CMEA or Comecon established 25 January 1949 to promote the development of socialist economies and abolished 1 January 1991; members included Afghanistan (observer), Albania (had not participated since 1961 break with USSR), Angola (observer), Bulgaria, Cuba, Czechoslovakia, Ethiopia (observer), GDR, Hungary, Laos (observer), Mongolia, Mozambique (observer), Nicaragua (observer), Poland, Romania, USSR, Vietnam, Yemen (observer), Yugoslavia (associate) _________________________________________________________________

Council of Arab Economic Unity (CAEU) address - International Trade Center Building, 12th Floor, 1191 Cornish El Nile, P. O. Box 1, Mohamad Fareed, Cairo, Egypt telephone - [20] (2) 754252, 755321 FAX - [20] (2) 754090 established - 3 June 1957 effective - 30 May 1964 aim - to promote economic integration among Arab nations members - (11 plus the Palestine Liberation Organization) Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Libya, Mauritania, Somalia, Sudan, Syria, UAE, Yemen, Palestine Liberation Organization _________________________________________________________________

Council of Europe (CE) address - Palais de l'Europe, F-67075 Strasbourg CEDEX, France telephone - [33] (3) 88 41 20 00 FAX - [33] (3) 88 41 27 81, 88 41 27 82 established - 5 May 1949 effective - 3 August 1949 aim - to promote increased unity and quality of life in Europe members - (41) Albania, Andorra, Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Malta, Moldova, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, San Marino, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine, UK guests - (3) Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bosnia and Herzegovina observers - (4) Canada, Israel, Japan, US _________________________________________________________________

Council of the Baltic Sea States (CBSS) address - Ministry for Foreign Affairs, Box 16121, S-10323 Stockholm, Sweden telephone - [46] (8) 405 1000 FAX - [46] (8) 723 1176 established - 6 March 1992 aim - to promote cooperation among the Baltic Sea states in the areas of aid to new democratic institutions, economic development, humanitarian aid, energy and the environment, cultural programs and education, and transportation and communication members - (12) Denmark, Estonia, EU, Finland, Germany, Iceland, Latvia, Lithuania, Norway, Poland, Russia, Sweden _________________________________________________________________

Council of the Entente (Entente) address - 01 BP 3734, Angle Avenue Verdier-Rue de Tessieres, Abidjan 01, Cote d'Ivoire telephone - [225] 33 10 01, 33 28 35, 32 10 74 FAX - [225] 33 11 49 established - 29 May 1959 aim - to promote economic, social, and political coordination members - (5) Benin, Burkina Faso, Cote d'Ivoire, Niger, Togo _________________________________________________________________

countries in transition a new term used by the International Monetary FUND (IMF) for the middle group in its hierarchy of advanced economies, countries in transition, and developing countries; recently published IMF statistics include the following 28 countries in transition: Albania, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Estonia, Georgia, Hungary, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Lithuania, The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Moldova, Mongolia, Poland, Romania, Russia, Serbia and Montenegro, Slovakia, Slovenia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, Uzbekistan; note - this group is identical to the group traditionally referred to as the "former USSR/Eastern Europe" except for the addition of Mongolia _________________________________________________________________

Customs Cooperation Council (CCC)

note - also known as World Customs Organization (WCO)

address - Rue du Marche 30, B-1210 Brussels, Belgium

telephone - [32] (2) 209 92 11

FAX - [32] (2) 109 92 92

established - 15 December 1950

aim - to promote international cooperation in customs matters

members - (145) Albania, Algeria, Andorra, Angola, Argentina, Armenia,

Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, The Bahamas, Bangladesh, Belarus,

Belgium, Bermuda, Botswana, Brazil, Brunei, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso,

Burma, Burundi, Cameroon, Canada, Cape Verde, Central African

Republic, Chile, China, Colombia, Comoros, Democratic Republic of the

Congo, Republic of the Congo, Cote d'Ivoire, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus,

Czech Republic, Denmark, Egypt, Eritrea, Estonia, Ethiopia, Fiji,

Finland, France, Gabon, The Gambia, Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Greece,

Guatemala, Guinea, Guyana, Haiti, Hong Kong, Hungary, Iceland, India,

Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan,

Kazakhstan, Kenya, South Korea, Kuwait, Latvia, Lebanon, Lesotho,

Liberia, Libya, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Macau, The Former Yugoslav

Republic of Macedonia, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali,

Malta, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Moldova, Mongolia, Morocco,

Mozambique, Namibia, Nepal, Netherlands, NZ, Niger, Nigeria, Norway,

Pakistan, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal,

Qatar, Romania, Russia, Rwanda, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Sierra Leone,

Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan,

Swaziland, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Tajikistan, Tanzania, Thailand,

Togo, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Uganda,

Ukraine, UAE, UK, US, Uruguay, Uzbekistan, Venezuela, Vietnam, Yemen,

Zambia, Zimbabwe

_________________________________________________________________

developed countries (DCs) the top group in the hierarchy of developed countries (DCs), former USSR/Eastern Europe (former USSR/EE), and less developed countries (LDCs); includes the market-oriented economies of the mainly democratic nations in the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), Bermuda, Israel, South Africa, and the European ministates; also known as the First World, high-income countries, the North, industrial countries; generally have a per capita GDP in excess of $10,000 although four OECD countries and South Africa have figures well under $10,000 and two of the excluded OPEC countries have figures of more than $10,000; the 35 DCs are: Andorra, Australia, Austria, Belgium, Bermuda, Canada, Denmark, Faroe Islands, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Holy See, Iceland, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Malta, Mexico, Monaco, Netherlands, NZ, Norway, Portugal, San Marino, South Africa, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, UK, US; note - similar to the new International Monetary Fund (IMF) term "advanced economies" which adds Hong Kong, South Korea, Singapore, and Taiwan but drops Malta, Mexico, South Africa, and Turkey _________________________________________________________________

developing countries

a new term used by the International Monetary FUND (IMF) for the

bottom group in its hierarchy of advanced economies, countries in

transition, and developing countries; recently published IMF

statistics include the following 126 developing countries:

Afghanistan, Algeria, Angola, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Aruba,

The Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belize, Benin, Bhutan,

Bolivia, Botswana, Brazil, Burkina Faso, Burma, Burundi, Cambodia,

Cameroon, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, China,

Colombia, Comoros, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the

Congo, Costa Rica, Cote d'Ivoire, Cyprus, Djibouti, Dominica,

Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea,

Ethiopia, Fiji, Gabon, The Gambia, Ghana, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea,

Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq,

Jamaica, Jordan, Kenya, Kiribati, Kuwait, Laos, Lebanon, Lesotho,

Liberia, Libya, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Malta,

Marshall Islands, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Federated States of

Micronesia, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Nepal, Netherlands Antilles,

Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Oman, Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea,

Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Qatar, Rwanda, Saint Kitts and Nevis,

Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Samoa, Sao Tome and

Principe, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Solomon

Islands, Somalia, South Africa, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland,

Syria, Tanzania, Thailand, Togo, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey,

UAE, Uganda, Uruguay, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Vietnam, Yemen, Zambia,

Zimbabwe; note - this category would presumably also cover the

following 46 other countries that are traditionally included in the

more comprehensive group of "less developed countries": American

Samoa, Anguilla, British Virgin Islands, Brunei, Cayman Islands,

Christmas Island, Cocos Islands, Cook Islands, Cuba, Eritrea, Falkland

Islands, French Guiana, French Polynesia, Gaza Strip, Gibraltar,

Greenland, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Guam, Guernsey, Jersey, North Korea,

Macau, Isle of Man, Martinique, Mayotte, Montserrat, Nauru, New

Caledonia, Niue, Norfolk Island, Northern Mariana Islands, Palau,

Pitcairn Islands, Puerto Rico, Reunion, Saint Helena, Saint Pierre and

Miquelon, Tokelau, Tonga, Turks and Caicos Islands, Tuvalu, Virgin

Islands, Wallis and Futuna, West Bank, Western Sahara

_________________________________________________________________

East African Development Bank (EADB) address - 4 Nile Avenue, P. O. Box 7128, Kampala, Uganda telephone - [256] (41) 230021, 230825 FAX - [256] (41) 259763 established - 6 June 1967 effective - 1 December 1967 aim - to promote economic development members - (3) Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda _________________________________________________________________

Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (ESCAP) address - United Nations Building, Rajadamnern Avenue, Bangkok 10200, Thailand telephone - [66] (2) 2881234 FAX - [66] (2) 2881000 established - 28 March 1947 as Economic Commission for Asia and the Far East (ECAFE) aim - to carry out the commitment of the Economic and Social Council of the UN to promote economic development members - (51) Afghanistan, Armenia, Australia, Azerbaijan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Brunei, Burma, Cambodia, China, Fiji, France, India, Indonesia, Iran, Japan, Kazakhstan, Kiribati, North Korea, South Korea, Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Malaysia, Maldives, Marshall Islands, Federated States of Micronesia, Mongolia, Nauru, Nepal, Netherlands, NZ, Pakistan, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Russia, Samoa, Singapore, Solomon Islands, Sri Lanka, Tajikistan, Thailand, Tonga, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Tuvalu, UK, US, Uzbekistan, Vanuatu, Vietnam associate members - (9) American Samoa, Cook Islands, French Polynesia, Guam, Hong Kong, Macau, New Caledonia, Niue, Northern Mariana Islands _________________________________________________________________

Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia (ESCWA) address - P. O. Box 11-8575, Riad El-Sohl Square, Beirut, Lebanon telephone - [961] (10) 981301 FAX - [961] (10) 981510 established - 9 August 1973 as Economic Commission for Western Asia (ECWA) aim - to promote economic development as a regional commission for the UN's Economic and Social Council members - (12 plus the Palestine Liberation Organization) Bahrain, Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Syria, UAE, Yemen, Palestine Liberation Organization _________________________________________________________________

Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) address - United Nations, New York, NY 10017, US telephone - [1] (212) 963 1234 FAX - [1] (212) 758 2718 established - 26 June 1945 effective - 24 October 1945 aim - to coordinate the economic and social work of the UN; includes five regional commissions (see Economic Commission for Africa, Economic Commission for Europe, Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean, Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific, Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia) and 10 functional commissions (see Commission for Social Development, Commission on Human Rights, Commission on Narcotic Drugs, Commission on the Status of Women, Commission on Population and Development, Statistical Commission, Commission on Science and Technology for Development, Commission on Sustainable Development, and Commission on Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice) members - (54) selected on a rotating basis from all regions _________________________________________________________________

Economic Commission for Africa (ECA) address - P. O. Box 3001-3005, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia telephone - [251] (1) 51 72 00 FAX - [251] (1) 51 44 16 established - 29 April 1958 aim - to promote economic development as a regional commission of the UN's Economic and Social Council members - (53) Algeria, Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Congo, Cote d'Ivoire, Djibouti, Egypt, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Gabon, The Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Kenya, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Mauritius, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda, Sao Tome and Principe, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Somalia, South Africa, Sudan, Swaziland, Tanzania, Togo, Tunisia, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe associate members - (2) France, UK _________________________________________________________________

Economic Commission for Asia and the Far East (ECAFE) see Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (ESCAP) _________________________________________________________________

Economic Commission for Europe (ECE) address - Palais des Nations, CH-1211 Geneva 10, Switzerland telephone - [41] (22) 917 4444 FAX - [41] (22) 917 0505 established - 28 March 1947 aim - to promote economic development as a regional commission of the UN's Economic and Social Council members - (55) Albania, Andorra, Armenia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Canada, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Malta, Moldova, Monaco, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, San Marino, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Tajikistan, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, UK, US, Uzbekistan, Yugoslavia _________________________________________________________________

Economic Commission for Latin America (ECLA) see Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC) _________________________________________________________________

Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC) address - Edificio Naciones Unidas, Avenida Dag Hammarskjold, Casilla 179 D, Santiago, Chile telephone - [56] (2) 2102000 FAX - [56] (2) 2080252, 2081946 established - 25 February 1948 as Economic Commission for Latin America (ECLA) aim - to promote economic development as a regional commission of the UN's Economic and Social Council members - (41) Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, The Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Bolivia, Brazil, Canada, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, France, Grenada, Guatemala, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Italy, Jamaica, Mexico, Netherlands, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Portugal, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Spain, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, UK, US, Uruguay, Venezuela associate members - (7) Anguilla, Aruba, British Virgin Islands, Montserrat, Netherlands Antilles, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands _________________________________________________________________

Economic Commission for Western Asia (ECWA) see Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia (ESCWA) _________________________________________________________________

Economic Community of Central African States (CEEAC) note - acronym from Communaute Economique des Etats de l'Afrique Centrale address - CEEAC, BP 2112, Libreville, Gabon telephone - [241] 73 35 47, 73 35 48, 73 36 77 established - 18 October 1983 treaty adopted aim - to promote regional economic cooperation and establish a Central African Common Market members - (11) Angola, Burundi, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Rwanda, Sao Tome and Principe _________________________________________________________________

Economic Community of the Great Lakes Countries (CEPGL) note - acronym from Communaute Economique des Pays des Grands Lacs address - IRAZ-CEPGL, BP 91, Gitega, Burundi established - 20 September 1976 aim - to promote regional economic cooperation and integration members - (3) Burundi, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Rwanda _________________________________________________________________

Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) address - 6 King George V Road, PMB 12745, Lagos, Nigeria telephone - [234] (1) 636839, 636841, 636064, 630398 FAX - [234] (1) 636822 established - 28 May 1975 aim - to promote regional economic cooperation members - (16) Benin, Burkina Faso, Cape Verde, Cote d'Ivoire, The Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Togo _________________________________________________________________

Economic Cooperation Organization (ECO) address - No. 1 Goulbou Alley, Kamraniyeh, P. O. Box 14155-6176, Teheran, Iran Islamic Republic telephone - [98] (21) 2831731, 2831733 FAX - [98] (21) 2831732 established - 27-29 January 1985 aim - to promote regional cooperation in trade, transportation, communications, tourism, cultural affairs, and economic development members - (10) Afghanistan, Azerbaijan, Iran, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Pakistan, Tajikistan, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan associate member - (1) "Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus" _________________________________________________________________

Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council (EAPC) note - began as the North Atlantic Cooperation Council (NACC); an extension of NATO address - c/o NATO, B-1110 Brussels, Belgium telephone - [32] (2) 728 41 11 FAX - [32] (2) 728 45 79 established - 8 November 1991 effective - 20 December 1991 aim - to discuss cooperation on mutual political and security issues members - (44) Albania, Armenia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Belgium, Bulgaria, Canada, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Italy, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Moldova, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Tajikistan, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, UK, US, Uzbekistan _________________________________________________________________

European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD) address - EBRD Headquarters, One Exchange Square, London EC2A 2EH, UK telephone - [44] (171) 338 6000 FAX - [44] (171) 338 6100 established - 8-9 January 1990 (proposals made); 15 April 1991 (bank inaugurated) aim - to facilitate the transition of seven centrally planned economies in Europe (Bulgaria, former Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Poland, Romania, former USSR, and former Yugoslavia) to market economies by committing 60% of its loans to privatization members - (60) Albania, Armenia, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Canada, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Egypt, EU, European Investment Bank (EIB), Estonia, Finland, France, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan, Kazakhstan, South Korea, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Malta, Mexico, Moldova, Morocco, Netherlands, NZ, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Tajikistan, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, UK, US, Uzbekistan; note - includes all 25 members of the OECD; also includes the EU as a single entity _________________________________________________________________

European Community (or European Communities, EC) was established 8 April 1965 to integrate the European Atomic Energy Community (Euratom), the European Coal and Steel Community (ESC), the European Economic Community (EEC or Common Market), and to establish a completely integrated common market and an eventual federation of Europe; merged into the European Union (EU) on 7 February 1992; member states at the time of merger were Belgium, Denmark, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, UK _________________________________________________________________

European Free Trade Association (EFTA) address - 9-11 Rue de Varembe, CH-1211 Geneva 20, Switzerland telephone - [41] (22) 749 11 11 FAX - [41] (22) 733 92 91 established - 4 January 1960 effective - 3 May 1960 aim - to promote expansion of free trade members - (4) Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway, Switzerland _________________________________________________________________

European Investment Bank (EIB) address - Boulevard Konrad Adenauer 100, L-2950 Luxembourg, Luxembourg telephone - [352] 4379 3122 FAX - [352] 4379 3188, 4379 3189 established - 25 March 1957 effective - 1 January 1958 aim - to promote economic development of the EU and its predecessors, the EEC and the EC members - (15) Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, UK _________________________________________________________________

European Monetary Union (EMU) note - an integral part of the European Union; also known as the European Economic and Monetary Union address - c/o European Commission, Rue de la Loi 200, B-1049 Brussels, Belgium telephone - [32] (2) 299 11 11 proposed - 1-2 December 1969 at summit conference of heads of government signed - 7 February 1992 Maastrict Treaty aim - to promote a single market by creating a single currency, the euro; time table - 2 May 1998: European exchange rates fixed for 1 January 1999; 1 January 1999: all banks and stock exchanges begin using euros; 1 January 2002: the euro goes into circulation; 1 July 2002 local currencies no longer accepted members - (11) Austria, Belgium, Finland, France, Germany, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Portugal, Spain; note - Denmark, Sweden, and UK decided not to join, and Greece did not meet all the criteria to take part _________________________________________________________________

European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN) note - acronym retained from the predecessor organization Conseil Europeenne pour la Recherche Nucleaire address - CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland telephone - [41] (22) 767 4101, 767 2141 FAX - [41] (22) 785 0247 established - 1 July 1953 effective - 29 September 1954 aim - to foster nuclear research for peaceful purposes only members - (20) Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, UK observers - (7) EU, Israel, Japan, Russia, Turkey, United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), US _________________________________________________________________

European Space Agency (ESA) address - ESA Headquarters, 8-10 Rue Mario Nikis, F-75738 Paris CEDEX 15, France telephone - [33] (1) 53 69 76 54 FAX - [33] (1) 53 69 75 60 established - 31 May 1975 aim - to promote peaceful cooperation in space research and technology members - (14) Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Ireland, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, UK cooperating state - (1) Canada _________________________________________________________________

European Union (EU) note - evolved from the European Community (EC) address - c/o European Commission, Rue de la Loi 200, B-1049 Brussels, Belgium telephone - [32] (2) 299 11 11 FAX - [32] (2) 295 01 38 through 295 01 40 established - 7 February 1992 effective - 1 November 1993 aim - to coordinate policy among the 15 members in three fields: economics, building on the European Economic Community's (EEC) efforts to establish a common market and eventually a common currency to be called the 'euro', which will supersede the EU's accounting unit, the ECU; defense, within the concept of a Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP); and justice and home affairs, including immigration, drugs, terrorism, and improved living and working conditions members - (15) Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, UK membership applicants - (13) Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Turkey _________________________________________________________________

First World another term for countries with advanced, industrialized economies; this term is fading from use; see developed countries (DCs) _________________________________________________________________

Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)

address - Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, I-00100 Rome, Italy

telephone - [39] (6) 57051

FAX - [39] (6) 5705 3152

established - 16 October 1945

aim - to raise living standards and increase availability of

agricultural products, as a UN specialized agency

members - (176) Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Angola, Antigua and

Barbuda, Argentina, Armenia, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, The

Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belgium, Belize, Benin,

Bhutan, Bolivia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Botswana, Brazil, Bulgaria,

Burkina Faso, Burma, Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada, Cape Verde,

Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, China, Colombia, Comoros,

Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Congo, Cook Islands,

Costa Rica, Cote d'Ivoire, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech Republic,

Denmark, Djibouti, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El

Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Estonia, Ethiopia, EU, Fiji,

Finland, France, Gabon, The Gambia, Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Greece,

Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras,

Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Israel,

Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, North Korea, South

Korea, Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Latvia, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia,

Libya, Lithuania, Luxembourg, The Former Yugoslav Republic of

Macedonia, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Malta,

Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Moldova, Mongolia, Morocco, Mozambique,

Namibia, Nepal, Netherlands, NZ, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Norway,

Oman, Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines,

Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Rwanda, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint

Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Samoa, Sao Tome and Principe,

Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Slovakia, Slovenia,

Solomon Islands, Somalia, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan,

Suriname, Swaziland, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Tajikistan, Tanzania,

Thailand, Togo, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey,

Turkmenistan, Uganda, UAE, UK, US, Uruguay, Vanuatu, Venezuela,

Vietnam, Yemen, Yugoslavia (suspended), Zambia, Zimbabwe

_________________________________________________________________

former Soviet Union (FSU) a collective term often used to identify as a group the successor nations to the Soviet Union or USSR; this group of 15 countries consists of Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Estonia, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Lithuania, Moldova, Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, Uzbekistan _________________________________________________________________

former USSR/Eastern Europe (former USSR/EE) the middle group in the hierarchy of developed countries (DCs), former USSR/Eastern Europe (former USSR/EE), and less developed countries (LDCs); these countries are in political and economic transition and may well be grouped differently in the near future; this group of 27 countries consists of Albania, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Estonia, Georgia, Hungary, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Lithuania, The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Moldova, Poland, Romania, Russia, Serbia and Montenegro, Slovakia, Slovenia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, Uzbekistan; this group is identical to the IMF group "countries in transition" except for the IMF's inclusion of Mongolia _________________________________________________________________

Four Dragons the four small Asian less developed countries (LDCs) that have experienced unusually rapid economic growth; also known as the Four Tigers; this group consists of Hong Kong, South Korea, Singapore, Taiwan; these countries are included in the IMF's "advanced economies" group _________________________________________________________________

Four Tigers another term for the Four Dragons; see Four Dragons _________________________________________________________________

Franc Zone (FZ) note - also known as Conference des Ministres des Finances des Pays de la Zone Franc address - c/o Banque de France, Service de la Zone Franc, 39 Rue des Croix des Petits Champs, F-75001 Paris, France telephone - [33] (1) 42 92 42 92 FAX - [33] (1) 42 96 04 23 established - NA 1964 aim - to form a monetary union among countries whose currencies are linked to the French franc members - (16) Benin, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Republic of the Congo, Cote d'Ivoire, Equatorial Guinea, France, Gabon, Guinea-Bissau, Mali, Niger, Senegal, Togo; note - France includes metropolitan France, the four overseas departments of France (French Guiana, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Reunion), the two territorial collectivities of France (Mayotte, Saint Pierre and Miquelon), and the three overseas territories of France (French Polynesia, New Caledonia, Wallis and Futuna) _________________________________________________________________

Front Line States (FLS) established to achieve black majority rule in South Africa; has since gone out of existence; members included Angola, Botswana, Mozambique, Namibia, Tanzania, Zambia, Zimbabwe _________________________________________________________________

General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT)

was established 30 October 1947 to promote the expansion of

international trade on a nondiscriminatory basis; subsumed by the

World Trade Organization (WTrO) on 1 January 1995; members at the time

were Angola, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Australia, Austria,

Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belgium, Belize, Benin, Bolivia,

Botswana, Brazil, Brunei, Burkina Faso, Burma, Burundi, Cameroon,

Canada, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, Colombia, Democratic

Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Congo, Costa Rica, Cote

d'Ivoire, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Dominica, Dominican

Republic, Egypt, El Salvador, Fiji, Finland, France, Gabon, The

Gambia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea-Bissau,

Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Hong Kong, Hungary, Iceland, India,

Indonesia, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Kenya, South Korea,

Kuwait, Lesotho, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Macau, Madagascar, Malawi,

Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Malta, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico,

Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Netherlands, NZ, Nicaragua, Niger,

Nigeria, Norway, Pakistan, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland,

Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Rwanda, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia,

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Singapore,

Slovakia, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Suriname, Swaziland, Sweden,

Switzerland, Tanzania, Thailand, Togo, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia,

Turkey, Uganda, UAE, UK, US, Uruguay, Venezuela, Yugoslavia

(suspended), Zambia, Zimbabwe

_________________________________________________________________

Group of 2 (G-2) informal term that came into use about 1986; to facilitate bilateral economic cooperation between the two most powerful economic giants Japan, US _________________________________________________________________

Group of 3 (G-3) address - c/o Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Grupo de los Tres, Caracas, Venezuela established - NA September 1990 aim - mechanism for policy coordination members - (3) Colombia, Mexico, Venezuela _________________________________________________________________

Group of 5 (G-5) established - 22 September 1985 aim - to coordinate the economic policies of five major noncommunist economic powers members - (5) France, Germany, Japan, UK, US _________________________________________________________________

Group of 6 (G-6) note - also known as Groupe des Six Sur le Desarmement; not to be confused with the Big Six established - 22 May 1984 aim - to achieve nuclear disarmament members - (6) Argentina, Greece, India, Mexico, Sweden, Tanzania _________________________________________________________________

Group of 7 (G-7) note - membership is the same as the Big Seven established - 22 September 1985 aim - to facilitate economic cooperation among the seven major noncommunist economic powers members - (7) Group of 5 (France, Germany, Japan, UK, US) plus Canada and Italy _________________________________________________________________

Group of 8 (G-8) established - NA October 1975 aim - to facilitate economic cooperation among the developed countries (DCs) that participated in the Conference on International Economic Cooperation (CIEC), held in several sessions between NA December 1975 and 3 June 1977 members - (9) Canada, EU (as one member), France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Russia, UK, US _________________________________________________________________

Group of 9 (G-9) established - NA aim - to discuss matters of mutual interest on an informal basis members - (9) Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Denmark, Finland, Hungary, Romania, Sweden, Yugoslavia _________________________________________________________________

Group of 10 (G-10) note - also known as the Paris Club; includes the wealthiest members of the IMF who provide most of the money to be loaned and act as the informal steering committee; name persists in spite of the addition of Switzerland on NA April 1984 address - c/o IMF Office in Europe, 64-66 Avenue d'Iena, F-75116 Paris, France telephone - [33] (1) 40 69 30 80 FAX - [33] (1) 47 23 40 89 established - NA October 1962 aim - to coordinate credit policy members - (11) Belgium, Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Netherlands, Sweden, Switzerland, UK, US nonstate participants - (4) BIS, EU, IMF, OECD _________________________________________________________________

Group of 11 (G-11) note - also known as the Cartagena Group established - 21-22 June 1984, in Cartagena, Colombia aim - to provide a forum for largest debtor nations in Latin America members - (11) Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Mexico, Peru, Uruguay, Venezuela _________________________________________________________________

Group of 15 (G-15) note - byproduct of the Nonaligned Movement address - Technical Support Facility, Ch du Champ d'Ancier 17, Case Postale 326, CH-1211 Geneva 19, Switzerland telephone - [41] (22) 798 42 10 FAX - [41] (22) 798 38 49 established - September 1989 aim - to promote economic cooperation among developing nations; to act as the main political organ for the Nonaligned Movement members - (15) Algeria, Argentina, Brazil, Egypt, India, Indonesia, Jamaica, Malaysia, Mexico, Nigeria, Peru, Senegal, Venezuela, former Yugoslavia, Zimbabwe _________________________________________________________________

Group of 19 (G-19) established in NA October 1975 to represent the interests of the less developed countries (LDCs) that participated in the Conference on International Economic Cooperation (CIEC) held in several sessions between NA December 1975 and 3 June 1977; members included Algeria, Argentina, Brazil, Cameroon, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Egypt, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Jamaica, Mexico, Nigeria, Pakistan, Peru, Saudi Arabia, Venezuela, Yugoslavia, Zambia _________________________________________________________________

Group of 24 (G-24) address - c/o European Commission, DGIA General Matters and G-24 Coordination Unit, Rue de la Loi 200, B-1049 Brussels, Belgium telephone - [32] (2) 299 02 28 FAX - [32] (2) 296 59 59 established - 1 August 1989 aim - to promote the interests of developing countries in Africa, Asia, and Latin America within the IMF members - (24) Algeria, Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Cote d'Ivoire, Egypt, Ethiopia, Gabon, Ghana, Guatemala, India, Iran, Lebanon, Mexico, Nigeria, Pakistan, Peru, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Syria, Trinidad and Tobago, Venezuela, Yugoslavia _________________________________________________________________

Group of 30 (G-30) address - 1990 M Street NW, Suite 450, Washington, DC 20036, US telephone - [1] (202) 331 2472 FAX - [1] (202) 785 9423 established - NA 1978 aim - to discuss and propose solutions to the world's economic problems members - (30) informal group of 30 leading international bankers, economists, financial experts, and business leaders organized by Johannes Witteveen (former managing director of the IMF) _________________________________________________________________

Group of 33 (G-33) established in NA 1987 to promote solutions to international economic problems; members included the leading economists from 13 countries _________________________________________________________________

Group of 77 (G-77)

address - Office of the Chairman, United Nations, Room S-3959, P. O.

Box 20, New York, NY 10017, US

telephone - [1] (212) 963 3816, 963 0192, 963 4777

FAX - [1] (212) 963 3515, 963 1753

established - 15 June 1964 was set up; NA October 1967 first

ministerial meeting

aim - to promote economic cooperation among developing countries; name

persists in spite of increased membership

members - (131 plus the Palestine Liberation Organization)

Afghanistan, Algeria, Angola, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, The

Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belize, Benin, Bhutan,

Bolivia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Botswana, Brazil, Brunei, Burkina

Faso, Burma, Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Central African

Republic, Chad, Chile, China, Colombia, Comoros, Democratic Republic

of the Congo, Republic of the Congo, Costa Rica, Cote d'Ivoire, Cuba,

Cyprus, Djibouti, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El

Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Fiji, Gabon, The

Gambia, Ghana, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana,

Haiti, Honduras, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Jamaica, Jordan, Kenya,

South Korea, Kuwait, Laos, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya,

Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Malta, Marshall Islands,

Mauritania, Mauritius, Federated States of Micronesia, Mongolia,

Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Nepal, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Oman,

Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines,

Qatar, Romania, Rwanda, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint

Vincent and the Grenadines, Samoa, Sao Tome and Principe, Saudi

Arabia, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Solomon Islands,

Somalia, South Africa, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland, Syria,

Tanzania, Thailand, Togo, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Uganda,

UAE, Uruguay, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Vietnam, Yemen, Yugoslavia, Zambia,

Zimbabwe, Palestine Liberation Organization

_________________________________________________________________

Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) note - also known as the Cooperation Council for the Arab States of the Gulf address - P. O. Box 7153, Riyadh 11462, Saudi Arabia telephone - [966] (1) 482 7777, extension 1238 FAX - [966] (1) 482 9109 established - 25 May 1981 aim - to promote regional cooperation in economic, social, political, and military affairs members - (6) Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, UAE _________________________________________________________________

Hexagonal Group see Central European Initiative (CEI) _________________________________________________________________

high-income countries another term for the industrialized countries with high per capita GDPs; see developed countries (DCs) _________________________________________________________________

Indian Ocean Commission (InOC) address - Q4 Avenue Sir Guy Forget, BP7, Quatre Bornes, Mauritius telephone - [230] 425 9564, 425 1652 FAX - [230] 425 1209 established - 21 December 1982 aim - to organize and promote regional cooperation in all sectors, especially economic members - (5) Comoros, France (for Reunion), Madagascar, Mauritius, Seychelles _________________________________________________________________

industrial countries another term for the developed countries; see developed countries (DCs) _________________________________________________________________

Inter-American Development Bank (IADB) note - also known as Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo (BID) address - 1300 New York Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20577, US telephone - [1] (202) 623 1000 FAX - [1] (202) 623 3096 established - 8 April 1959 effective - 30 December 1959 aim - to promote economic and social development in Latin America members - (46) Argentina, Austria, The Bahamas, Barbados, Belgium, Belize, Bolivia, Brazil, Canada, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Croatia, Denmark, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Finland, France, Germany, Guatemala, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Mexico, Netherlands, Nicaragua, Norway, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Portugal, Slovenia, Spain, Suriname, Sweden, Switzerland, Trinidad and Tobago, UK, US, Uruguay, Venezuela _________________________________________________________________

Inter-Governmental Authority on Development (IGAD) note - formerly known as Inter-Governmental Authority on Drought and Development (IGADD) address - P. O. Box 2653, Djibouti, Djibouti telephone - [253] 354050 FAX - [253] 356994, 356284 established - 15-16 January 1986 as the Inter-Governmental Authority on Drought and Development revitalized - 21 March 1996 as the Inter-Governmental Authority on Development aim - to promote a social, economic, and scientific community among its members members - (7) Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Kenya, Somalia, Sudan, Uganda _________________________________________________________________

Inter-Governmental Authority on Drought and Development (IGADD) see Inter-Governmental Authority on Development (IGAD) _________________________________________________________________

International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)

address - Wagramerstrasse 5, P. O. Box 100, A-1400 Vienna, Austria

telephone - [43] (1) 26000

FAX - [43] (1) 26007

established - 26 October 1956

effective - 29 July 1957

aim - to promote peaceful uses of atomic energy

members - (129) Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Argentina, Armenia,

Australia, Austria, Bangladesh, Belarus, Belgium, Benin, Bolivia,

Bosnia and Herzegovina, Brazil, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Burma,

Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada, Chile, China, Colombia, Democratic

Republic of the Congo, Costa Rica, Cote d'Ivoire, Croatia, Cuba,

Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt,

El Salvador, Estonia, Ethiopia, Finland, France, Gabon, Georgia,

Germany, Ghana, Greece, Guatemala, Haiti, Holy See, Hungary, Iceland,

India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan,

Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, South Korea, Kuwait, Latvia, Lebanon,

Liberia, Libya, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, The Former

Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Madagascar, Malaysia, Mali, Malta,

Marshall Islands, Mauritius, Mexico, Moldova, Monaco, Mongolia,

Morocco, Namibia, Netherlands, NZ, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Norway,

Pakistan, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal,

Qatar, Romania, Russia, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Sierra Leone,

Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan,

Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Tanzania, Thailand, Tunisia, Turkey,

Uganda, Ukraine, UAE, UK, US, Uruguay, Uzbekistan, Venezuela, Vietnam,

Yemen, Yugoslavia (suspended), Zambia, Zimbabwe

_________________________________________________________________

International Bank for Economic Cooperation (IBEC) was established on 22 October 1963 to promote economic cooperation and development; members were Bulgaria, Cuba, Czechoslovakia, GDR, Hungary, Mongolia, Poland, Romania, USSR, Vietnam; now it is a Russian bank with a new charter _________________________________________________________________

International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD)

note - also known as the World Bank

address - 1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC 20433, US

telephone - [1] (202) 477 1234

FAX - [1] (202) 477 6391

established - 22 July 1944

effective - 27 December 1945

aim - to provide economic development loans; a UN specialized agency

members - (181) Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Angola, Antigua and

Barbuda, Argentina, Armenia, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, The

Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belarus, Belgium, Belize,

Benin, Bhutan, Bolivia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Botswana, Brazil,

Brunei, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Burma, Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon,

Canada, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, China,

Colombia, Comoros, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the

Congo, Costa Rica, Cote d'Ivoire, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic,

Denmark, Djibouti, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El

Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Estonia, Ethiopia, Fiji,

Finland, France, Gabon, The Gambia, Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Greece,

Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras,

Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Israel,

Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, Kiribati, South

Korea, Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Latvia, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia,

Libya, Lithuania, Luxembourg, The Former Yugoslav Republic of

Macedonia, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Malta,

Marshall Islands, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Federated States of

Micronesia, Moldova, Mongolia, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Nepal,

Netherlands, NZ, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Norway, Oman, Pakistan,

Palau, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland,

Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Russia, Rwanda, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint

Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Samoa, Sao Tome and Principe,

Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Slovakia,

Slovenia, Solomon Islands, Somalia, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka,

Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Tajikistan,

Tanzania, Thailand, Togo, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey,

Turkmenistan, Uganda, Ukraine, UAE, UK, US, Uruguay, Uzbekistan,

Vanuatu, Venezuela, Vietnam, Yemen, Zambia, Zimbabwe

_________________________________________________________________

International Chamber of Commerce (ICC) address - 38 Cours Albert 1st, F-75008 Paris, France telephone - [33] (1) 49 53 28 28 FAX - [33] (1) 49 53 29 42 established - NA 1919 aim - to promote free trade and private enterprise and to represent business interests at national and international levels members - (62 national councils) Argentina, Australia, Austria, Bangladesh, Belgium, Brazil, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Canada, Chile, China, Colombia, Cote d'Ivoire, Cyprus, Denmark, Ecuador, Egypt, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iran, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan, Jordan, South Korea, Kuwait, Lebanon, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Madagascar, Mexico, Morocco, Netherlands, Nigeria, Norway, Pakistan, Peru, Portugal, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Singapore, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Taiwan, Togo, Tunisia, Turkey, UK, US, Uruguay, Venezuela, Yugoslavia _________________________________________________________________

International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO)

address - ICAO, 999 University Street, Montreal H3C 5H7, Canada

telephone - [1] (514) 954 8219

FAX - [1] (514) 954 6077

established - 7 December 1944

effective - 4 April 1947

aim - to promote international cooperation in civil aviation; a UN

specialized agency

members - (185) Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Angola, Antigua and

Barbuda, Argentina, Armenia, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, The

Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belarus, Belgium, Belize,

Benin, Bhutan, Bolivia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Botswana, Brazil,

Brunei, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Burma, Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon,

Canada, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, China,

Colombia, Comoros, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the

Congo, Cook Islands, Costa Rica, Cote d'Ivoire, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus,

Czech Republic, Denmark, Djibouti, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt,

El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Estonia, Ethiopia, Fiji,

Finland, France, Gabon, The Gambia, Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Greece,

Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras,

Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Israel,

Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, Kiribati, North

Korea, South Korea, Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Latvia, Lebanon,

Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Lithuania, Luxembourg, The Former Yugoslav

Republic of Macedonia, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali,

Malta, Marshall Islands, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Federated

States of Micronesia, Moldova, Monaco, Mongolia, Morocco, Mozambique,

Namibia, Nauru, Nepal, Netherlands, NZ, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria,

Norway, Oman, Palau, Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay,

Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Russia, Rwanda,

Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Samoa, San Marino, Sao

Tome and Principe, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone,

Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia, Solomon Islands, Somalia, South Africa,

Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland, Sweden, Switzerland,

Syria, Tajikistan, Tanzania, Thailand, Togo, Tonga, Trinidad and

Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Uganda, Ukraine, UAE, UK, US,

Uruguay, Uzbekistan, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Vietnam, Yemen, Zambia,

Zimbabwe

_________________________________________________________________

International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) address - ICRC, 19 Avenue de la Paix, CH-1202 Geneva, Switzerland telephone - [41] (22) 734 60 01 FAX - [41] (22) 733 20 57 established - 17 February 1863 aim - to provide humanitarian aid in wartime members - (25 individuals) all Swiss nationals _________________________________________________________________

International Confederation of Free Trade Unions (ICFTU)

address - International Trade Union House, Boulevard Emile Jacqmain

155, B-1210 Brussels, Belgium

telephone - [32] (2) 224 02 11

FAX - [32] (2) 201 58 15, 203 07 56

established - NA December 1949

aim - to promote the trade union movement

members - (206 affiliated organizations in the following 141

countries) Algeria, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Australia,

Austria, The Bahamas, Bangladesh, Barbados, Basque Country, Belgium,

Belize, Benin, Bermuda, Botswana, Brazil, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso,

Cameroon, Canada, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile,

China, Colombia, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the

Congo, Cook Islands, Costa Rica, Cote d'Ivoire, Croatia, Curacao,

Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Djibouti, Dominica, Dominican

Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Eritrea, Estonia, Falkland Islands,

Fiji, Finland, France, French Polynesia, Gabon, The Gambia, Germany,

Ghana, Greece, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Holy

See, Honduras, Hong Kong, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Ireland,

Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kenya, Kiribati, South Korea,

Latvia, Lebanon, Liberia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Madagascar, Malawi,

Malaysia, Mali, Malta, Mauritius, Mexico, Moldova, Mongolia,

Montserrat, Morocco, Mozambique, Nepal, Netherlands, New Caledonia,

NZ, Nicaragua, Niger, Norway, Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea,

Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Puerto Rico, Romania,

Rwanda, Saint Helena, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint

Vincent and the Grenadines, Samoa, San Marino, Senegal, Serbia and

Montenegro, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Slovakia, South

Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Suriname, Swaziland, Sweden, Switzerland,

Tanzania, Thailand, Togo, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey,

Uganda, UK, US, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Zambia, Zimbabwe

_________________________________________________________________

International Court of Justice (ICJ) note - also known as the World Court address - Peace Palace, NL-2517 KJ The Hague, Netherlands telephone - [31] (70) 302 23 23 FAX - [31] (70) 364 99 28 established - 3 February 1946 superseded Permanent Court of International Justice aim - primary judicial organ of the UN members - (15 judges) elected by the UN General Assembly and Security Council to represent all principal legal systems _________________________________________________________________

International Criminal Police Organization (Interpol)

address - BP 6041, F-69411 Lyon CEDEX 06, France

telephone - [33] (4) 72 44 70 00

FAX - [33] (4) 72 44 71 63

established - NA September 1923 set up as the International Criminal

Police Commission; 13 June 1956 constitution modified and present name

adopted

aim - to promote international cooperation among police authorities in

fighting crime

members - (177) Albania, Algeria, Andorra, Angola, Antigua and

Barbuda, Argentina, Armenia, Aruba, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan,

The Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belarus, Belgium, Belize,

Benin, Bolivia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Botswana, Brazil, Brunei,

Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Burma, Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada,

Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, China, Colombia,

Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Congo, Costa Rica,

Cote d'Ivoire, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark,

Djibouti, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador,

Equatorial Guinea, Estonia, Ethiopia, Fiji, Finland, France, Gabon,

The Gambia, Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Grenada, Guatemala,

Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland,

India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan,

Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, Kiribati, South Korea, Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan,

Laos, Latvia, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Liechtenstein,

Lithuania, Luxembourg, The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia,

Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Malta, Marshall Islands,

Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Moldova, Monaco, Mongolia, Morocco,

Mozambique, Namibia, Nauru, Nepal, Netherlands, Netherlands Antilles,

NZ, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Panama, Papua

New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Qatar,

Romania, Russia, Rwanda, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint

Vincent and the Grenadines, Sao Tome and Principe, Saudi Arabia,

Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia,

Somalia, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland,

Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Tanzania, Thailand, Togo, Tonga, Trinidad

and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Uganda, Ukraine, UAE, UK, US, Uruguay,

Uzbekistan, Venezuela, Vietnam, Yemen, Zambia, Zimbabwe

subbureaus - (14) American Samoa, Anguilla, Bermuda, British Virgin

Islands, Cayman Islands, Gibraltar, Guam, Hong Kong, Macau,

Montserrat, Northern Mariana Islands, Puerto Rico, Turks and Caicos

Islands, Virgin Islands

_________________________________________________________________

International Development Association (IDA)

address - 1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC 20433, US

telephone - [1] (202) 477 1234

FAX - [1] (202) 477 6391

established - 26 January 1960

effective - 24 September 1960

aim - UN specialized agency and IBRD affiliate that provides economic

loans for low income countries

members - (160)

Part I - (26 developed countries) Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada,

Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Japan,

Kuwait, Luxembourg, Netherlands, NZ, Norway, Portugal, Russia, South

Africa, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, UAE, UK, US

Part II - (134 less developed countries) Afghanistan, Albania,

Algeria, Angola, Argentina, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bangladesh, Belize,

Benin, Bhutan, Bolivia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Botswana, Brazil,

Burkina Faso, Burma, Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Central

African Republic, Chad, Chile, China, Colombia, Comoros, Democratic

Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Congo, Costa Rica, Cote

d'Ivoire, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Djibouti, Dominica,

Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea,

Eritrea, Ethiopia, Fiji, Gabon, The Gambia, Georgia, Ghana, Greece,

Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras,

Hungary, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Kazakhstan,

Kenya, Kiribati, South Korea, Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Latvia, Lebanon,

Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia,

Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Marshall Islands,

Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Federated States of Micronesia,

Moldova, Mongolia, Morocco, Mozambique, Nepal, Nicaragua, Niger,

Nigeria, Oman, Pakistan, Palau, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay,

Peru, Philippines, Poland, Rwanda, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia,

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Samoa, Sao Tome and Principe, Saudi

Arabia, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Slovakia, Slovenia, Solomon Islands,

Somalia, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Swaziland, Syria, Tajikistan, Tanzania,

Thailand, Togo, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Uganda,

Uzbekistan, Vanuatu, Vietnam, Yemen, Zambia, Zimbabwe

_________________________________________________________________

International Energy Agency (IEA) address - 9 Rue de la Federation, F-75739 Paris CEDEX 15, France telephone - [33] (1) 40 57 65 00 FAX - [33] (1) 40 57 65 09 established - 15 November 1974 aim - to promote cooperation on energy matters, especially emergency oil sharing and relations between oil consumers and oil producers; established by the OECD members - (24) Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Luxembourg, Netherlands, NZ, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, UK, US observers - (16) Commission of the European Communities, Czech Republic, Iceland, South Korea, Mexico, Poland _________________________________________________________________

International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRCS) note - formerly known as League of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (LORCS) address - Chemin des Crets 17, CP 372, Petit-Saconnex, CH-1211 Geneva 19, Switzerland telephone - [41] (22) 730 4222 FAX - [41] (22) 733 0395 established - 5 May 1919 aim - to organize, coordinate, and direct international relief actions; to promote humanitarian activities; to represent and encourage the development of National Societies; to bring help to victims of armed conflicts, refugees, and displaced people; to reduce the vulnerability of people through development programs members - (175) Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Andorra, Angola, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Armenia, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, The Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belarus, Belgium, Belize, Benin, Bolivia, Botswana, Brazil, Brunei, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Burma, Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, China, Colombia, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Congo, Costa Rica, Cote d'Ivoire, Croatia, Cuba, Czech Republic, Denmark, Djibouti, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Estonia, Ethiopia, Fiji, Finland, France, The Gambia, Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kenya, Kiribati, North Korea, South Korea, Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Latvia, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Mali, Malta, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Monaco, Mongolia, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Nepal, Netherlands, NZ, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Norway, Pakistan, Palau, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Russia, Rwanda, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Samoa, San Marino, Sao Tome and Principe, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia, Solomon Islands, Somalia, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Tajikistan, Tanzania, Thailand, Togo, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Uganda, Ukraine, UAE, UK, US, Uruguay, Uzbekistan, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Vietnam, Yemen, Yugoslavia, Zambia, Zimbabwe associate members - (4) Comoros, Cyprus, Gabon, Tuvalu _________________________________________________________________

International Finance Corporation (IFC)

address - 2121 Pennsylvania Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20433, US

telephone - [1] (202) 477 1234

FAX - [1] (202) 974 4384, 477 6391

established - 25 May 1955

effective - 24 July 1956

aim - to support private enterprise in international economic

development; a UN specialized agency and IBRD affiliate

members - (174) Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Angola, Antigua and

Barbuda, Argentina, Armenia, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, The

Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belarus, Belgium, Belize,

Benin, Bolivia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Botswana, Brazil, Bulgaria,

Burkina Faso, Burma, Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada, Cape Verde,

Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, China, Colombia, Comoros,

Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Congo, Costa Rica,

Cote d'Ivoire, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Djibouti,

Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial

Guinea, Eritrea, Estonia, Ethiopia, Fiji, Finland, France, Gabon, The

Gambia, Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea,

Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, India,

Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan,

Kazakhstan, Kenya, Kiribati, South Korea, Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan, Laos,

Latvia, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Lithuania, Luxembourg, The

Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia,

Maldives, Mali, Marshall Islands, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico,

Federated States of Micronesia, Moldova, Mongolia, Morocco,

Mozambique, Namibia, Nepal, Netherlands, NZ, Nicaragua, Niger,

Nigeria, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Palau, Panama, Papua New Guinea,

Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia,

Rwanda, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Samoa, Saudi Arabia,

Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia,

Solomon Islands, Somalia, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan,

Swaziland, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Tajikistan, Tanzania, Thailand,

Togo, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan,

Uganda, Ukraine, UAE, UK, US, Uruguay, Uzbekistan, Vanuatu, Venezuela,

Vietnam, Yemen, Zambia, Zimbabwe

_________________________________________________________________

International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD)

address - Via del Serafico 107, I-00142 Rome, Italy

telephone - [39] (6) 54591

FAX - [39] (6) 5043463

established - NA November 1974

aim - to promote agricultural development; a UN specialized agency

members - (161)

Category I - (22 industrialized aid contributors) Australia, Austria,

Belgium, Canada, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland,

Italy, Japan, Luxembourg, Netherlands, NZ, Norway, Portugal, Spain,

Sweden, Switzerland, UK, US

Category II - (12 petroleum-exporting aid contributors) Algeria,

Gabon, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Libya, Nigeria, Qatar, Saudi

Arabia, UAE, Venezuela

Category III - (127 aid recipients) Afghanistan, Albania, Angola,

Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bangladesh,

Barbados, Belize, Benin, Bhutan, Bolivia, Bosnia and Herzegovina,

Botswana, Brazil, Burkina Faso, Burma, Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon,

Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, China, Colombia,

Comoros, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Congo, Cook

Islands, Costa Rica, Cote d'Ivoire, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Djibouti,

Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial

Guinea, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Fiji, The Gambia, Georgia, Ghana, Grenada,

Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, India,

Israel, Jamaica, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, North Korea, South Korea,

Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, The Former Yugoslav

Republic of Macedonia, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali,

Malta, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Moldova, Mongolia, Morocco,

Mozambique, Namibia, Nepal, Nicaragua, Niger, Oman, Pakistan, Panama,

Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Romania, Rwanda, Saint

Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Samoa,

Sao Tome and Principe, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Solomon

Islands, Somalia, South Africa, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland,

Syria, Tajikistan, Tanzania, Thailand, Togo, Tonga, Trinidad and

Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Uganda, Uruguay, Vietnam, Yemen, Yugoslavia

(suspended), Zambia, Zimbabwe

_________________________________________________________________

International Hydrographic Organization (IHO) note - name changed from International Hydrographic Bureau on 22 September 1970 address - BP 445, 4 Quai Antoine 1st, Monaco MC 98011, CEDEX, Monaco telephone - [33] (93) 01 81 00 FAX - [33] (93) 10 81 40 established - NA June 1919 effective - NA June 1921 aim - to train hydrographic surveyors and nautical cartographers to achieve standardization in nautical charts and electronic chart displays; to provide advice on nautical cartography and hydrography; to develop the sciences in the field of hydrography and techniques used for descriptive oceanography members - (66) Algeria, Argentina, Australia, Bahrain, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, Chile, China, Colombia, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Denmark, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, Estonia, Fiji, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Guatemala, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iran, Italy, Japan, North Korea, South Korea, Monaco, Mozambique Netherlands, NZ, Nigeria, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Russia, Serbia and Montenegro, Singapore, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Suriname, Sweden, Syria, Thailand, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Ukraine, UAE, UK, US, Uruguay, Venezuela membership pending - (7) Bangladesh, Bulgaria, Jamaica, Kuwait, Mauritania, Morocco, Qatar _________________________________________________________________

International Investment Bank (IIB) established on 7 July 1970; to promote economic development; members were Bulgaria, Cuba, Czechoslovakia, East Germany, Hungary, Mongolia, Poland, Romania, USSR, Vietnam; now it is a Russian bank with a new charter _________________________________________________________________

International Labor Organization (ILO)

address - International Labor Office, 4 route des Morillons, CH-1211

Geneva 22, Switzerland

telephone - [41] (22) 799 61 11

FAX - [41] (22) 798 86 85

established - 28 June 1919 set up as part of Treaty of Versailles; 11

April 1919 became operative; 14 December 1946 affiliated with the UN

aim - to deal with world labor issues; a UN specialized agency

members - (173) Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Angola, Antigua and

Barbuda, Argentina, Armenia, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, The

Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belarus, Belgium, Belize,

Benin, Bolivia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Botswana, Brazil, Bulgaria,

Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada, Cape Verde, Central

African Republic, Chad, Chile, China, Colombia, Comoros, Democratic

Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Congo, Costa Rica, Cote

d'Ivoire, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Djibouti,

Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial

Guinea, Eritrea, Estonia, Ethiopia, Fiji, Finland, France, Gabon, The

Gambia, Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea,

Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, India,

Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan,

Kazakhstan, Kenya, South Korea, Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Latvia,

Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Lithuania, Luxembourg, The Former

Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Mali,

Malta, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Moldova, Mongolia, Morocco,

Mozambique, Namibia, Nepal, Netherlands, NZ, Nicaragua, Niger,

Nigeria, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay,

Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Russia, Rwanda,

Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines,

San Marino, Sao Tome and Principe, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Seychelles,

Sierra Leone, Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia, Solomon Islands, Somalia,

South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland, Sweden,

Switzerland, Syria, Tajikistan, Tanzania, Thailand, Togo, Trinidad and

Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Uganda, Ukraine, UAE, UK, US,

Uruguay, Uzbekistan, Venezuela, Vietnam, Yemen, Yugoslavia

(suspended), Zambia, Zimbabwe

_________________________________________________________________

International Maritime Organization (IMO)

note - name changed from Intergovernmental Maritime Consultative

Organization (IMCO) on 22 May 1982

address - 4 Albert Embankment, London SE1 7SR, UK

telephone - [44] (171) 735 7611

FAX - [44] (171) 587 3210

established - 6 March 1948 set up as the Inter-Governmental Maritime

Consultative Organization

effective - 17 March 1958

aim - to deal with international maritime affairs; a UN specialized

agency

members - (157) Albania, Algeria, Angola, Antigua and Barbuda,

Argentina, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, The Bahamas, Bahrain,

Bangladesh, Barbados, Belgium, Belize, Benin, Bolivia, Bosnia and

Herzegovina, Brazil, Brunei, Bulgaria, Burma, Cambodia, Cameroon,

Canada, Cape Verde, Chile, China, Colombia, Democratic Republic of the

Congo, Republic of the Congo, Costa Rica, Cote d'Ivoire, Croatia,

Cuba, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Djibouti, Dominica, Dominican

Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea,

Estonia, Ethiopia, Fiji, Finland, France, Gabon, The Gambia, Georgia,

Germany, Ghana, Greece, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau,

Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iran,

Iraq, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan,

Kenya, North Korea, South Korea, Kuwait, Latvia, Lebanon, Liberia,

Libya, Lithuania, Luxembourg, The Former Yugoslav Republic of

Macedonia, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Malta, Marshall

Islands, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Monaco, Mongolia, Morocco,

Mozambique, Namibia, Nepal, Netherlands, NZ, Nicaragua, Nigeria,

Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru,

Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Russia, Saint Lucia,

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Samoa, Sao Tome and Principe, Saudi

Arabia, Senegal, Serbia and Montenegro, Seychelles, Sierra Leone,

Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia, Solomon Islands, Somalia, South Africa,

Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria,

Tanzania, Thailand, Togo, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey,

Turkmenistan, Ukraine, UAE, UK, US, Uruguay, Vanuatu, Venezuela,

Vietnam, Yemen

associate members - (2) Hong Kong, Macau

_________________________________________________________________

International Maritime Satellite Organization (Inmarsat) see International Mobile Satellite Organization (Inmarsat) _________________________________________________________________

International Mobile Satellite Organization (Inmarsat) note - formerly International Maritime Satellite Organization address - 99 City Road, London EC1Y 1AX, UK telephone - [44] (171) 728 1000, 728 1100 FAX - [44] (171) 728 1044, 728 1100 established - 3 September 1976 effective - 16 July 1979 aim - to provide worldwide communications for commercial, distress, and safety applications, at sea, in the air, and on land members - (86) Algeria, Argentina, Australia, The Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Belarus, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Brazil, Brunei, Bulgaria, Cameroon, Canada, Chile, China, Colombia, Costa Rica, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Egypt, Finland, France, Gabon, Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Italy, Japan, Kenya, South Korea, Kuwait, Latvia, Lebanon, Liberia, Malaysia, Malta, Marshall Islands, Mauritius, Mexico, Monaco, Mozambique, Netherlands, NZ, Nigeria, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Panama, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Russia, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Serbia and Montenegro, Singapore, Slovakia, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sweden, Switzerland, Tanzania, Thailand, Tunisia, Turkey, Ukraine, UAE, UK, US, Vietnam _________________________________________________________________

International Monetary Fund (IMF)

address - 700 19th Street NW, Washington, DC 20431, US

telephone - [1] (202) 623 7000

FAX - [1] (202) 623 4661, 623 7491, 623 4662

established - 22 July 1944

effective - 27 December 1945

aim - to promote world monetary stability and economic development; a

UN specialized agency

members - (182) Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Angola, Antigua and

Barbuda, Argentina, Armenia, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, The

Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belarus, Belgium, Belize,

Benin, Bhutan, Bolivia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Botswana, Brazil,

Brunei, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Burma, Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon,

Canada, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, China,

Colombia, Comoros, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the

Congo, Costa Rica, Cote d'Ivoire, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic,

Denmark, Djibouti, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El

Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Estonia, Ethiopia, Fiji,

Finland, France, Gabon, The Gambia, Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Greece,

Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras,

Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Israel,

Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, Kiribati, South

Korea, Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Latvia, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia,

Libya, Lithuania, Luxembourg, The Former Yugoslav Republic of

Macedonia, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Malta,

Marshall Islands, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Federated States of

Micronesia, Moldova, Mongolia, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Nepal,

Netherlands, NZ, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Norway, Oman, Pakistan,

Palau, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland,

Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Russia, Rwanda, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint

Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Samoa, San Marino, Sao Tome

and Principe, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone,

Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia, Solomon Islands, Somalia, South Africa,

Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland, Sweden, Switzerland,

Syria, Tajikistan, Tanzania, Thailand, Togo, Tonga, Trinidad and

Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Uganda, Ukraine, UAE, UK, US,

Uruguay, Uzbekistan, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Vietnam, Yemen, Zambia,

Zimbabwe

_________________________________________________________________

International Olympic Committee (IOC)

address - Chateau de Vidy, CH-1007 Lausanne, Switzerland

telephone - [41] (21) 621 61 11

FAX - [41] (21) 621 62 16, 621 63 54

established - 23 June 1894

aim - to promote the Olympic ideals and administer the Olympic games:

2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney, Australia; 2002 Winter Olympics in

Salt Lake City, United States; 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens, Greece

National Olympic Committees - (199 and the Palestine Liberation

Organization) Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, American Samoa, Andorra,

Angola, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Armenia, Aruba, Australia,

Austria, Azerbaijan, The Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados,

Belarus, Belgium, Belize, Benin, Bermuda, Bhutan, Bolivia, Bosnia and

Herzegovina, Botswana, Brazil, British Virgin Islands, Brunei,

Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Burma, Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada,

Cape Verde, Cayman Islands, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile,

China, Colombia, Comoros, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic

of the Congo, Cook Islands, Costa Rica, Cote d'Ivoire, Croatia, Cuba,

Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Djibouti, Dominica, Dominican

Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea,

Estonia, Ethiopia, Fiji, Finland, France, Gabon, The Gambia, Georgia,

Germany, Ghana, Greece, Grenada, Guam, Guatemala, Guinea,

Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Hong Kong, Hungary, Iceland,

India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan,

Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, North Korea, South Korea, Kuwait,

Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Latvia, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya,

Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, The Former Yugoslav Republic of

Macedonia, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Malta,

Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Federated States of Micronesia,

Moldova, Monaco, Mongolia, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Nauru, Nepal,

Netherlands, Netherlands Antilles, NZ, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria,

Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Palau, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay,

Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Puerto Rico, Qatar, Romania,

Russia, Rwanda, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and

the Grenadines, Samoa, San Marino, Sao Tome and Principe, Saudi

Arabia, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Slovakia,

Slovenia, Solomon Islands, Somalia, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka,

Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Taiwan,

Tajikistan, Tanzania, Thailand, Togo, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago,

Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Uganda, Ukraine, UAE, UK, US, Uruguay,

Uzbekistan, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Vietnam, Virgin Islands, Yemen,

Yugoslavia (Serbia and Montenegro), Zambia, Zimbabwe, Palestine

Liberation Organization

_________________________________________________________________

International Organization for Migration (IOM) note - established as Provisional Intergovernmental Committee for the Movement of Migrants from Europe; renamed Intergovernmental Committee for European Migration (ICEM) on 15 November 1952; renamed Intergovernmental Committee for Migration (ICM) in November 1980; current name adopted 14 November 1989 address - 17 route des Morillons, CP 71, CH-1211 Geneva 19, Switzerland telephone - [41] (22) 717 91 11 FAX - [41] (22) 798 61 50 established - 5 December 1951 aim - to facilitate orderly international emigration and immigration members - (69) Albania, Angola, Argentina, Armenia, Australia, Austria, Bangladesh, Belgium, Bolivia, Bulgaria, Canada, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Guatemala, Guinea-Bissau, Haiti, Honduras, Hungary, Israel, Italy, Japan, Kenya, South Korea, Liberia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Mali, Morocco, Netherlands, Nicaragua, Norway, Pakistan, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Senegal, Slovakia, South Africa, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Sweden, Switzerland, Tajikistan, Tanzania, Thailand, Tunisia, Uganda, US, Uruguay, Venezuela, Yemen, Zambia observers - (47) Afghanistan, Algeria, Belarus, Belize, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Brazil, Cape Verde, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Congo, Cuba, Estonia, Ethiopia, Georgia, Ghana, Guinea, Holy See, India, Indonesia, Iran, Ireland, Jamaica, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Madagascar, Malta, Mexico, Moldova, Mozambique, Namibia, NZ, Papua New Guinea, Russia, Rwanda, San Marino, Sao Tome and Principe, Slovenia, Somalia, Spain, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, UK, Vietnam, Yugoslavia, Zimbabwe _________________________________________________________________

International Organization for Standardization (ISO) address - CP 56, 1 Rue de Varembe, CH-1211 Geneva 20, Switzerland telephone - [41] (22) 749 01 11 FAX - [41] (22) 733 34 30 established - NA February 1947 aim - to promote the development of international standards with a view to facilitating international exchange of goods and services and to developing cooperation in the sphere of intellectual, scientific, technological and economic activity members - (88 national standards organizations) Albania, Algeria, Argentina, Armenia, Australia, Austria, Bangladesh, Belarus, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Botswana, Brazil, Bulgaria, Canada, Chile, China, Colombia, Costa Rica, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Ecuador, Egypt, Ethiopia, Finland, France, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iran, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, North Korea, South Korea, Libya, Luxembourg, The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Malaysia, Mauritius, Mexico, Mongolia, Morocco, Netherlands, NZ, Nigeria, Norway, Pakistan, Panama, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Saudi Arabia, Serbia and Montenegro, Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Tanzania, Thailand, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Ukraine, UK, US, Uruguay, Uzbekistan, Venezuela, Vietnam, Zimbabwe correspondent members - (35) Azerbaijan, Bahrain, Barbados, Bolivia, Brunei, Cote d'Ivoire, El Salvador, Estonia, Georgia, Guatemala, Guinea, Hong Kong, Jordan, Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Lebanon, Lithuania, Madagascar, Malawi, Malta, Moldova, Mozambique, Nepal, Nicaragua, Oman, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Qatar, Seychelles, Sudan, Turkmenistan, Uganda, UAE subscriber members - (9) Benin, Cambodia, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Dominican Republic, Fiji, Grenada, Guyana, Namibia, Saint Lucia _________________________________________________________________

International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement (ICRM)

address - International Conference of the Red Cross, 19 Avenue de la

Paix, CH-1202 Geneva, Switzerland

telephone - [41] (22) 734 60 01

FAX - [41] (22) 733 20 57

established - NA 1928

aim - to promote worldwide humanitarian aid through the International

Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) in wartime, and International

Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRCS; formerly

League of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies or LORCS) in peacetime

National Societies - (175 countries) Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria,

Andorra, Angola, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Armenia, Australia,

Austria, Azerbaijan, The Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados,

Belarus, Belgium, Belize, Benin, Bolivia, Botswana, Brazil, Brunei,

Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Burma, Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada,

Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, China, Colombia,

Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Congo, Costa Rica,

Cote d'Ivoire, Croatia, Cuba, Czech Republic, Denmark, Djibouti,

Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial

Guinea, Estonia, Ethiopia, Fiji, Finland, France, The Gambia, Germany,

Ghana, Greece, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana,

Haiti, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq,

Ireland, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kenya, Kiribati, North Korea,

South Korea, Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Latvia, Lebanon, Lesotho,

Liberia, Libya, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, The Former

Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Mali,

Malta, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Monaco, Mongolia, Morocco,

Mozambique, Namibia, Nepal, Netherlands, NZ, Nicaragua, Niger,

Nigeria, Norway, Pakistan, Palau, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay,

Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Russia, Rwanda,

Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines,

Samoa, San Marino, Sao Tome and Principe, Saudi Arabia, Senegal,

Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia, Solomon

Islands, Somalia, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname,

Swaziland, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Tajikistan, Tanzania, Thailand,

Togo, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan,

Uganda, Ukraine, UAE, UK, US, Uruguay, Uzbekistan, Vanuatu, Venezuela,

Vietnam, Yemen, Yugoslavia, Zambia, Zimbabwe

_________________________________________________________________

International Telecommunication Union (ITU)

address - Place des Nations, CH-1211 Geneva 20, Switzerland

telephone - [41] (22) 730 6039

FAX - [41] (22) 733 7256, 730 5939

established - 17 May 1865 set up as the International Telegraph Union;

9 December 1932 adopted present name

effective - 1 January 1934

affiliated with the UN - 15 November 1947

aim - to deal with world telecommunications issues; a UN specialized

agency

members - (188) Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Andorra, Angola,

Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Armenia, Australia, Austria,

Azerbaijan, The Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belarus,

Belgium, Belize, Benin, Bhutan, Bolivia, Bosnia and Herzegovina,

Botswana, Brazil, Brunei, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Burma, Burundi,

Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada, Cape Verde, Central African Republic,

Chad, Chile, China, Colombia, Comoros, Democratic Republic of the

Congo, Republic of the Congo, Costa Rica, Cote d'Ivoire, Croatia,

Cuba, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Djibouti, Dominica, Dominican

Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea,

Estonia, Ethiopia, Fiji, Finland, France, Gabon, The Gambia, Georgia,

Germany, Ghana, Greece, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau,

Guyana, Haiti, Holy See, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia,

Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan,

Kazakhstan, Kenya, Kiribati, North Korea, South Korea, Kuwait,

Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Latvia, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya,

Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, The Former Yugoslav Republic of

Macedonia, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Malta,

Marshall Islands, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Federated States of

Micronesia, Moldova, Monaco, Mongolia, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia,

Nauru, Nepal, Netherlands, NZ, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Norway,

Oman, Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines,

Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Russia, Rwanda, Saint Lucia, Saint

Vincent and the Grenadines, Samoa, San Marino, Sao Tome and Principe,

Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia,

Solomon Islands, Somalia, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan,

Suriname, Swaziland, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Tajikistan, Tanzania,

Thailand, Togo, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey,

Turkmenistan, Tuvalu, Uganda, Ukraine, UAE, UK, US, Uruguay,

Uzbekistan, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Vietnam, Yemen, Yugoslavia

(suspended), Zambia, Zimbabwe

_________________________________________________________________

International Telecommunications Satellite Organization (Intelsat)

address - Intelsat, 3400 International Drive NW, Washington, DC

20008-3098, US

telephone - [1] (202) 944 7500

FAX - [1] (202) 944 7890

established - 20 August 1964 set up as the Telecommunications

Satellite Consortium; 12 February 1973 adopted present name

aim - to develop and operate a global commercial telecommunications

satellite system

members - (143) Afghanistan, Algeria, Angola, Argentina, Armenia,

Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, The Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh,

Barbados, Belgium, Benin, Bhutan, Bolivia, Bosnia and Herzegovina,

Botswana, Brazil, Brunei, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Canada,

Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, China, Colombia,

Comoros, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Congo,

Costa Rica, Cote d'Ivoire, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark,

Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea,

Ethiopia, Fiji, Finland, France, Gabon, Germany, Ghana, Greece,

Guatemala, Guinea, Haiti, Holy See, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, India,

Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan,

Kazakhstan, Kenya, South Korea, Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan, Lebanon, Libya,

Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Mali, Malta,

Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Federated States of Micronesia, Monaco,

Mongolia, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Nepal, Netherlands, NZ,

Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Panama, Papua New

Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Romania,

Russia, Rwanda, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Singapore, Somalia, South

Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Swaziland, Sweden, Switzerland,

Syria, Tajikistan, Tanzania, Thailand, Togo, Trinidad and Tobago,

Tunisia, Turkey, Uganda, UAE, UK, US, Uruguay, Uzbekistan, Venezuela,

Vietnam, Yemen, Yugoslavia, Zambia, Zimbabwe

nonsignatory users - (42) Albania, Antigua and Barbuda, Belarus,

Belize, Burma, Burundi, Cambodia, Cook Islands, Cuba, Djibouti,

Eritrea, The Gambia, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Kiribati, North Korea,

Laos, Latvia, Lesotho, Liberia, Lithuania, The Former Yugoslav

Republic of Macedonia, Maldives, Marshall Islands, Moldova, Nauru,

Niue, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Samoa, Sao Tome

and Principe, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Slovakia, Slovenia, Solomon

Islands, Suriname, Tonga, Turkmenistan, Tuvalu, Ukraine, Vanuatu

_________________________________________________________________

Islamic Development Bank (IDB) address - P. O. Box 5925, Jeddah 21432, Saudi Arabia telephone - [966] (2) 6361400 FAX - [966] (2) 6366871 established - 15 December 1973 by declaration of intent effective - 12 August 1974 aim - to promote Islamic economic aid and social development members - (51 plus the Palestine Liberation Organization) Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Azerbaijan, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Benin, Brunei, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Chad, Comoros, Djibouti, Egypt, Gabon, The Gambia, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan, Lebanon, Libya, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Mauritania, Morocco, Mozambique, Niger, Oman, Pakistan, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Somalia, Sudan, Suriname, Syria, Tajikistan, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Uganda, UAE, Yemen, Palestine Liberation Organization _________________________________________________________________

Latin American Economic System (LAES) note - also known as Sistema Economico Latinoamericana (SELA) address - SELA, Avenida Francisco de Miranda, Torre Europa, Piso 4, Chacaito, Apartado de Correos 17035, Caracas 1010-A, Venezuela telephone - [58] (2) 905 5111 FAX - [58] (2) 951 6953, 951 7246 established - 17 October 1975 aim - to promote economic and social development through regional cooperation members - (28) Argentina, The Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Grenada, Guatemala, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, Uruguay, Venezuela observers - (21) Andean Promotion Corporation, China, Costa Rica, Dominican Republic, El Salvador, EEC, Guatemala, Honduras, IADB, Inter-American Institute for Agricultural Cooperation, Italy, Nicaragua, OAS, Panama, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Spain, Switzerland, UN Development Program, UN Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean _________________________________________________________________

Latin American Integration Association (LAIA) note - also known as Asociacion Latinoamericana de Integracion (ALADI) address - Calle Cebollati 1461, Casilla de Correo 577, 11000 Montevideo, Uruguay telephone - [598] (2) 400 11 21, 409 59 15 FAX - [598] (2) 409 06 49 established - 12 August 1980 effective - 18 March 1981 aim - to promote freer regional trade members - (12) Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Cuba, Ecuador, Mexico, Paraguay, Peru, Uruguay, Venezuela observers - (21) China, Commission of the European Communities, Corporacion Andina de Fomento, Costa Rica, Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Inter-American Development Bank, Inter-American Institute for Cooperation on Agriculture, Italy, Latin America Economic System, Nicaragua, Organization of American States, Panama, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Spain, Switzerland, United Nations Development Program, United Nations Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean _________________________________________________________________

League of Arab States (LAS) see Arab League (AL) _________________________________________________________________

League of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (LORCS) see International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRCS) _________________________________________________________________

least developed countries (LLDCs)

that subgroup of the less developed countries (LDCs) initially identified by the UN General Assembly in 1971 as having no significant economic growth, per capita GDPs normally less than $1,000, and low literacy rates; also known as the undeveloped countries; the 42 LLDCs are: Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Benin, Bhutan, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Burma, Burundi, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Djibouti, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Ethiopia, The Gambia, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Haiti, Kiribati, Laos, Lesotho, Malawi, Maldives, Mali, Mauritania, Mozambique, Nepal, Niger, Rwanda, Samoa, Sao Tome and Principe, Sierra Leone, Somalia, Sudan, Tanzania, Togo, Tuvalu, Uganda, Vanuatu, Yemen _________________________________________________________________

less developed countries (LDCs)

the bottom group in the hierarchy of developed countries (DCs), former

USSR/Eastern Europe (former USSR/EE), and less developed countries

(LDCs); mainly countries and dependent areas with low levels of

output, living standards, and technology; per capita GDPs are

generally below $5,000 and often less than $1,500; however, the group

also includes a number of countries with high per capita incomes,

areas of advanced technology, and rapid rates of growth; includes the

advanced developing countries, developing countries, Four Dragons

(Four Tigers), least developed countries (LLDCs), low-income

countries, middle-income countries, newly industrializing economies

(NIEs), the South, Third World, underdeveloped countries, undeveloped

countries; the 172 LDCs are: Afghanistan, Algeria, American Samoa,

Angola, Anguilla, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Aruba, The Bahamas,

Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belize, Benin, Bhutan, Bolivia,

Botswana, Brazil, British Virgin Islands, Brunei, Burkina Faso, Burma,

Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Cayman Islands, Central

African Republic, Chad, Chile, China, Christmas Island, Cocos Islands,

Colombia, Comoros, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the

Congo, Cook Islands, Costa Rica, Cote d'Ivoire, Cuba, Cyprus,

Djibouti, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador,

Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Falkland Islands, Fiji, French

Guiana, French Polynesia, Gabon, The Gambia, Gaza Strip, Ghana,

Gibraltar, Greenland, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Guam, Guatemala, Guernsey,

Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Hong Kong, India,

Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Jamaica, Jersey, Jordan, Kenya, Kiribati, North

Korea, South Korea, Kuwait, Laos, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya,

Macau, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Isle of Man,

Marshall Islands, Martinique, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mayotte,

Federated States of Micronesia, Mongolia, Montserrat, Morocco,

Mozambique, Namibia, Nauru, Nepal, Netherlands Antilles, New

Caledonia, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Niue, Norfolk Island, Northern

Mariana Islands, Oman, Palau, Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea,

Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Pitcairn Islands, Puerto Rico, Qatar,

Reunion, Rwanda, Saint Helena, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia,

Saint Pierre and Miquelon, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Samoa,

Sao Tome and Principe, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra

Leone, Singapore, Solomon Islands, Somalia, Sri Lanka, Sudan,

Suriname, Swaziland, Syria, Taiwan, Tanzania, Thailand, Togo, Tokelau,

Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turks and Caicos Islands, Tuvalu,

UAE, Uganda, Uruguay, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Vietnam, Virgin Islands,

Wallis and Futuna, West Bank, Western Sahara, Yemen, Zambia, Zimbabwe;

note - similar to the new International Monetary Fund (IMF) term

"developing countries" which adds Malta, Mexico, South Africa, and

Turkey but omits in its recently published statistics American Samoa,

Anguilla, British Virgin Islands, Brunei, Cayman Islands, Christmas

Island, Cocos Islands, Cook Islands, Cuba, Eritrea, Falkland Islands,

French Guiana, French Polynesia, Gaza Strip, Gibraltar, Greenland,

Grenada, Guadeloupe, Guam, Guernsey, Jersey, North Korea, Macau, Isle

of Man, Martinique, Mayotte, Montserrat, Nauru, New Caledonia, Niue,

Norfolk Island, Northern Mariana Islands, Palau, Pitcairn Islands,

Puerto Rico, Reunion, Saint Helena, Saint Pierre and Miquelon,

Tokelau, Tonga, Turks and Caicos Islands, Tuvalu, Virgin Islands,

Wallis and Futuna, West Bank, Western Sahara

_________________________________________________________________

London Suppliers Group see Nuclear Suppliers Group (NSG) _________________________________________________________________

low-income countries another term for those less developed countries with below-average per capita GDPs; see less developed countries (LDCs) _________________________________________________________________

Mercado Comun del Cono Sur (Mercosur) see Southern Cone Common Market _________________________________________________________________

middle-income countries another term for those less developed countries with above-average per capita GDPs; see less developed countries (LDCs) _________________________________________________________________

Near Abroad Russian term for the 14 non-Russian successor states of the USSR, in which 25 million ethnic Russians live and in which Moscow has expressed a strong national security interest; the 14 countries are Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Estonia, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Lithuania, Moldova, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, Uzbekistan _________________________________________________________________

newly industrializing countries (NICs) former term for the newly industrializing economies; see newly industrializing economies (NIEs) _________________________________________________________________

newly industrializing economies (NIEs) that subgroup of the less developed countries (LDCs) that has experienced particularly rapid industrialization of their economies; formerly known as the newly industrializing countries (NICs); also known as advanced developing countries; usually includes the Four Dragons (Hong Kong, South Korea, Singapore, Taiwan), and Brazil _________________________________________________________________

Nonaligned Movement (NAM) address - Permanent Representative of the Republic of South Africa to the United Nations, 333 East 38th Street, 9th floor, New York, NY 10016, US telephone - [1] (212) 213 5583 FAX - [1] (212) 692 2498 established - 1-6 September 1961 aim - to establish political and military cooperation apart from the traditional East or West blocs members - (113 plus the Palestine Liberation Organization) Afghanistan, Algeria, Angola, The Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belarus, Belize, Benin, Bhutan, Bolivia, Botswana, Brunei, Burkina Faso, Burma, Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, Colombia, Comoros, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Congo, Cote d'Ivoire, Cuba, Cyprus, Djibouti, Ecuador, Egypt, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Gabon, The Gambia, Ghana, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Honduras, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Jamaica, Jordan, Kenya, North Korea, Kuwait, Laos, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Malta, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mongolia, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Nepal, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Oman, Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Peru, Philippines, Qatar, Rwanda, Saint Lucia, Sao Tome and Principe, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Serbia and Montenegro, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Somalia, South Africa, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland, Syria, Tanzania, Thailand, Togo, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkmenistan, Uganda, UAE, Uzbekistan, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Vietnam, Yemen, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Palestine Liberation Organization observers - (16) Antigua and Barbuda, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Brazil, China, Costa Rica, Croatia, Dominica, Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Mexico, Paraguay, Ukraine, Uruguay guests - (28) Australia, Austria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Canada, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Holy See, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Japan, South Korea, Netherlands, NZ, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Sweden, Switzerland, UK, US _________________________________________________________________

Nordic Council (NC) address - Store Strandstraede 18, PB 3043, DK-1021 Kobenhavn K, Denmark telephone - [45] 33 96 04 00 FAX - [45] 33 11 18 70 established - 16 March 1952 effective - 12 February 1953 aim - to promote regional economic, cultural, and environmental cooperation members - (5) Denmark (including Faroe Islands and Greenland), Finland (including Aland Islands), Iceland, Norway, Sweden observers - (3) the Sami (Lapp) local parliaments of Finland, Norway, and Sweden _________________________________________________________________

Nordic Investment Bank (NIB) address - Fabianinkatu 34, P. O. Box 249, FIN-00171 Helsinki, Finland telephone - [358] (0) 18001 FAX - [358] (0) 1800210 established - 4 December 1975 effective - 1 June 1976 aim - to promote economic cooperation and development members - (5) Denmark (including Faroe Islands and Greenland), Finland (including Aland Islands), Iceland, Norway, Sweden _________________________________________________________________

North a popular term for the rich industrialized countries generally located in the northern portion of the Northern Hemisphere; the counterpart of the South; see developed countries (DCs) _________________________________________________________________

North Atlantic Cooperation Council (NACC) see Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council (EAPC) _________________________________________________________________

North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) address - B-1110 Brussels, Belgium telephone - [32] (2) 707 4111 FAX - [32] (2) 707 4579 established - 4 April 1949 aim - to promote mutual defense and cooperation members - (19) Belgium, Canada, Czech Republic, Denmark, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Spain, Turkey, UK, US _________________________________________________________________

Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA) note - also known as OECD Nuclear Energy Agency address - AEN/NEA, Le Seine St. Germain, 12 Boulevard des Iles, F-92130 Issy-les-Moulineaux, France telephone - [33] (1) 45 24 10 10 FAX - [33] (1) 45 24 11 10 established - 1 February 1958 aim - to promote the peaceful uses of nuclear energy; associated with OECD members - (27) Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Japan, South Korea, Luxembourg, Mexico, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, UK, US _________________________________________________________________

Nuclear Suppliers Group (NSG) note - also known as the London Suppliers Group or the London Group address - c/o Permanent Mission of Japan to the International Organizations in Vienna, Andromeda Tower, 23rd floor, Donau City Strasse 6, A-1220 Vienna, Austria telephone - [43] (1) 260 6300 FAX - [43] (1) 263 6749 established - NA 1974 effective - NA 1975 aim - to establish guidelines for exports of nuclear materials, processing equipment for uranium enrichment, and technical information to countries of proliferation concern and regions of conflict and instability members - (35) Argentina, Australia, Austria, Belgium, Brazil, Bulgaria, Canada, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Japan, South Korea, Latvia, Luxembourg, Netherlands, NZ, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, South Africa, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, UK, US observer - (1) European Commission (a policy-planning body for the EU) _________________________________________________________________

Organismo para la Proscripcion de las Armas Nucleares en la America Latina y el Caribe (OPANAL) see Agency for the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons in Latin America and the Caribbean (OPANAL) _________________________________________________________________

Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) address - 2 Rue Andre Pascal, F-75775 Paris CEDEX 16, France telephone - [33] (1) 45 24 82 00 FAX - [33] (1) 45 24 85 00, 45 24 81 76, 45 24 18 15 established - 14 December 1960 effective - 30 September 1961 aim - to promote economic cooperation and development members - (29) Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Japan, South Korea, Luxembourg, Mexico, Netherlands, NZ, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, UK, US special member - (1) EU _________________________________________________________________

Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) note - formerly the Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe (CSCE) established 3 July 1975 address - Karntner Ring 5-7, A-1010 Vienna, Austria telephone - [43] (1) 514 36-190 FAX - [43] (1) 514 36-96 established - 1 January 1995 aim - to foster the implementation of human rights, fundamental freedoms, democracy, and the rule of law; to act as an instrument of early warning, conflict prevention and crisis management; and to serve as a framework for conventional arms control and confidence building measures members - (55) Albania, Andorra, Armenia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Canada, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Holy See, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Malta, Moldova, Monaco, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, San Marino, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Tajikistan, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, UK, US, Uzbekistan, Yugoslavia (suspended) partners for cooperation - (8) Algeria, Egypt, Israel, Japan, Jordan, South Korea, Morocco, Tunisia _________________________________________________________________

Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW)

address - Johan de Wittlaan 32, NL-2517 JR The Hague, Netherlands

telephone - [31] (70) 416 33 00

FAX - [31] (70) 360 09 44

established - 29 April 1997

aim - to enforce the Convention on the Prohibition of the Development,

Production, Stockpiling and Use of Chemical Weapons and on Their

Destruction; to provide a forum for consultation and cooperation among

the signatories of the Convention

members - (169) Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Argentina, Armenia,

Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, The Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh,

Belarus, Belgium, Benin, Bhutan, Bolivia, Bosnia and Herzegovina,

Botswana, Brazil, Brunei, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Burma, Burundi,

Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada, Cape Verde, Central African Republic,

Chad, Chile, China, Colombia, Comoros, Democratic Republic of the

Congo, Republic of the Congo, Cook Islands, Costa Rica, Cote d'Ivoire,

Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Djibouti, Dominica,

Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Estonia,

Ethiopia, Fiji, Finland, France, Gabon, The Gambia, Georgia, Germany,

Ghana, Greece, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana,

Haiti, Holy See, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iran,

Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kenya,

South Korea, Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Latvia, Lesotho, Liberia,

Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia,

Maldives, Mali, Malta, Marshall Islands, Mauritania, Mauritius,

Mexico, Federated States of Micronesia, Moldova, Monaco, Mongolia,

Morocco, Namibia, Nauru, Nepal, Netherlands, NZ, Nicaragua, Niger,

Nigeria, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay,

Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Russia, Rwanda,

Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines,

Samoa, San Marino, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Serbia and Montenegro,

Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia, South Africa,

Spain, Sri Lanka, Suriname, Swaziland, Sweden, Switzerland,

Tajikistan, Tanzania, Thailand, Togo, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia,

Turkey, Turkmenistan, Uganda, Ukraine, UAE, UK, US, Uruguay,

Uzbekistan, Venezuela, Vietnam, Yemen, Zambia, Zimbabwe

_________________________________________________________________

Organization of African Unity (OAU) address - P. O. Box 3243, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia telephone - [251] (1) 517700 FAX - [251] (1) 512622, 517844 established - 25 May 1963 aim - to promote unity and cooperation among African states members - (54) Algeria, Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Congo, Cote d'Ivoire, Djibouti, Egypt, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Gabon, The Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Kenya, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Mauritius, Morocco (temporarily suspended), Mozambique, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda, Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic, Sao Tome and Principe, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Somalia, South Africa, Sudan, Swaziland, Tanzania, Togo, Tunisia, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe _________________________________________________________________

Organization of American States (OAS) address - corner of 17th Street and Constitution Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20006, US telephone - [1] (202) 458 3000 FAX - [1] (202) 458 3967 established - 14 April 1890 as the International Union of American Republics; 30 April 1948 adopted present charter effective - 13 December 1951 aim - to promote regional peace and security as well as economic and social development members - (35) Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, The Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Bolivia, Brazil, Canada, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba (excluded from formal participation since 1962), Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Grenada, Guatemala, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, US, Uruguay, Venezuela observers - (45) Algeria, Angola, Austria, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Egypt, Equatorial Guinea, EU, Finland, France, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Holy See, Hungary, India, Israel, Italy, Japan, Kazakhstan, South Korea, Latvia, Lebanon, Morocco, Netherlands, Pakistan, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Saudi Arabia, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sweden, Switzerland, Thailand, Tunisia, Turkey, Ukraine, UK, Yemen _________________________________________________________________

Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries (OAPEC) address - P. O. Box 20501, Safat 13066, Kuwait telephone - [965] 4844500 FAX - [965] 4815747 established - 9 January 1968 aim - to promote cooperation in the petroleum industry members - (10) Algeria, Bahrain, Egypt, Iraq, Kuwait, Libya, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Syria, UAE _________________________________________________________________

Organization of Eastern Caribbean States (OECS) address - OECS, P. O. Box 179, Morne Fortune, Castries, Saint Lucia telephone - [1] (758) 45 22537, 45 22538 FAX - [1] (758) 45 31628 established - 18 June 1981 effective - 4 July 1981 aim - to promote political, economic, and defense cooperation members - (7) Antigua and Barbuda, Dominica, Grenada, Montserrat, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines associate members - (2) Anguilla, British Virgin Islands _________________________________________________________________

Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) address - Obere Donaustrasse 93, A-1020 Vienna, Austria telephone - [43] (1) 21 11 20 FAX - [43] (1) 216 43 20 established - 14 September 1960 aim - to coordinate petroleum policies members - (11) Algeria, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Libya, Nigeria, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Venezuela _________________________________________________________________

Organization of the Islamic Conference (OIC) address - 6 km Makkah Al-Mukarramah Road, P. O. Box 178, Jeddah 21411, Saudi Arabia telephone - [966] (2) 680-0800 FAX - [966] (2) 687-6568 established - 22-25 September 1969 aim - to promote Islamic solidarity in economic, social, cultural, and political affairs members - (52 plus the Palestine Liberation Organization) Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Azerbaijan, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Benin, Brunei, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Chad, Comoros, Djibouti, Egypt, Gabon, The Gambia, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan, Lebanon, Libya, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Mauritania, Morocco, Mozambique, Niger, Oman, Pakistan, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Somalia, Sudan, Suriname, Syria, Tajikistan, Togo, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Uganda, UAE, Yemen, Palestine Liberation Organization observers - (4) Bosnia and Herzegovina, Central African Republic, Moro National Liberation Front of the Philippines, "Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus" _________________________________________________________________

Pacific Community note - formerly known as the South Pacific Commission (SPC) address - BP D5, 98848 Noumea CEDEX, New Caledonia telephone - [687] 26 20 00 FAX - [687] 26 38 18 established - 6 February 1947 effective - 29 July 1948 aim - to promote regional cooperation in economic and social matters members - (26) American Samoa, Australia, Cook Islands, Fiji, France, French Polynesia, Guam, Kiribati, Marshall Islands, Federated States of Micronesia, Nauru, New Caledonia, NZ, Niue, Northern Mariana Islands, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Pitcairn Islands, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Tokelau, Tonga, Tuvalu, US, Vanuatu, Wallis and Futuna _________________________________________________________________

Paris Club see Group of 10 _________________________________________________________________

Partnership for Peace (PFP) address - NATO Office of Information and Press, B-1110 Brussels, Belgium telephone - [32] (2) 728 44 15 FAX - [32] (2) 728 45 79 established - 10-11 January 1994 aim - to expand and intensify political and military cooperation throughout Europe, increase stability, diminish threats to peace, and build relationships by promoting the spirit of practical cooperation and commitment to democratic principles that underpin NATO; program under the auspices of NATO members - (27) Albania, Armenia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Estonia, Finland, Georgia, Hungary, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Lithuania, The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Moldova, Poland, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, Uzbekistan _________________________________________________________________

Permanent Court of Arbitration (PCA)

address - Peace Palace, Carnegieplein 2, NL-2517 KJ The Hague,

Netherlands

telephone - [31] (70) 302 42 42

FAX - [31] (70) 302 41 67

established - 29 July 1899

aim - to facilitate the settlement of international disputes

members - (86) Argentina, Australia, Austria, Belarus, Belgium,

Bolivia, Brazil, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada,

Chile, China, Colombia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark,

Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Eritrea, Fiji,

Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Guatemala, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras,

Hungary, Iceland, India, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Italy, Japan, Jordan,

Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Lebanon, Libya, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Malta,

Mauritius, Mexico, Netherlands, NZ, Nicaragua, Nigeria, Norway,

Pakistan, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia,

Senegal, Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia, South Africa, Spain, Sri

Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland, Sweden, Switzerland, Thailand,

Turkey, Uganda, Ukraine, UK, US, Uruguay, Venezuela, Zaire, Zimbabwe

_________________________________________________________________

Population Commission see Commission on Population and Development _________________________________________________________________

Rio Group (RG) note - formerly known as Grupo de los Ocho, established in December 1986 address - Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores, Edificio AYFRA, Piso 10, Pdte Franco y Ayolas, Asuncion, Paraguay telephone - [595] (21) 448409, 493872 FAX - [595] (21) 450911, 493910 established - NA 1988 aim - to consult on regional Latin American issues members - (12) Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Mexico, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Uruguay, Venezuela _________________________________________________________________

Second World another term for the traditionally Marxist-Leninist states of the USSR and Eastern Europe, with authoritarian governments and command economies based on the Soviet model; the term is fading from use; see centrally planned economies _________________________________________________________________

Secretariat of the Pacific Community (SPC) see Pacific Community _________________________________________________________________

Sistema Economico Latinoamericana (SELA) see Latin American Economic System (LAES) _________________________________________________________________

Social Commission see Commission for Social Development _________________________________________________________________

socialist countries

in general, countries in which the government owns and plans the use of the major factors of production; note - the term is sometimes used incorrectly as a synonym for communist countries _________________________________________________________________

South a popular term for the poorer, less industrialized countries generally located south of the developed countries; the counterpart of the North; see less developed countries (LDCs) _________________________________________________________________

South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) address - P. O. Box 4222, Kathmandu, Nepal telephone - [977] (1) 221785, 226350, 221792, 228029 FAX - [977] (1) 227033, 223991 established - 8 December 1985 aim - to promote economic, social, and cultural cooperation members - (7) Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka _________________________________________________________________

South Pacific Commission (SPC) see Pacific Community (SPC) _________________________________________________________________

South Pacific Forum (SPF) address - c/o Forum Secretariat, Ratu Sukuna Road, Private Mail Bag, Suva, Fiji telephone - [679] 312 600, 303 106 FAX - [679] 301 102, 305 573 established - 5 August 1971 aim - to promote regional cooperation in political matters members - (16) Australia, Cook Islands, Fiji, Kiribati, Marshall Islands, Federated States of Micronesia, Nauru, NZ, Niue, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Tonga, Tuvalu, Vanuatu _________________________________________________________________

South Pacific Regional Trade and Economic Cooperation Agreement (Sparteca) address - c/o forum Secretariat, Ratu Sukuna Road GPO Box 856, Suva, Fiji telephone - [679] 312 600, 303 106 FAX - [679] 302 204 established - NA 1981 aim - to redress unequal trade relationships of Australia and New Zealand with small island economies in the Pacific region members - (16) Australia, Cook Islands, Fiji, Kiribati, Marshall Islands, Federated States of Micronesia, Nauru, NZ, Niue, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Tonga, Tuvalu, Vanuatu _________________________________________________________________

Southern African Customs Union (SACU) address - Director of Customs and Excise, Ministry of Finance, Private Bag 13295, Windhoek, Namibia established - 11 December 1969 aim - to promote free trade and cooperation in customs matters members - (5) Botswana, Lesotho, Namibia, South Africa, Swaziland _________________________________________________________________

Southern African Development Community (SADC) note - evolved from the Southern African Development Coordination Conference (SADCC) address - Private Bag 0095, Gaborone, Botswana telephone - [267] (31) 351863, 351864, 351865 FAX - [267] (31) 372848 established - 17 August 1992 aim - to promote regional economic development and integration members - (14) Angola, Botswana, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Lesotho, Malawi, Mauritius, Mozambique, Namibia, Seychelles, South Africa, Swaziland, Tanzania, Zambia, Zimbabwe _________________________________________________________________

Southern Cone Common Market (Mercosur) or Southern Common Market note - also known as Mercado Comun del Cono Sur (Mercosur) address - Rincon 575 Piso 12, 11000 Montevideo, Uruguay telephone - [598] (2) 9164590 FAX - [598] (2) 9164591 established - 26 March 1991 aim - to increase regional economic cooperation members - (4) Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay associate member - (2) Bolivia, Chile _________________________________________________________________

Statistical Commission address - Statistics Division, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, United Nations, DC-2 Building, Room 2963, New York, NY 10017, US telephone - [1] (212) 963 1234 FAX - [1] (212) 963 9851 established - 21 June 1946 aim - to deal with development and standardization of national statistics of interest to the UN, as part of the Economic and Social Council organization members - (24) selected on a rotating basis from all regions _________________________________________________________________

Third World another term for the less developed countries; the term is obsolescent; see less developed countries (LDCs) _________________________________________________________________

underdeveloped countries

refers to those less developed countries with the potential for above-average economic growth; see less developed countries (LDCs) _________________________________________________________________

undeveloped countries

refers to those extremely poor less developed countries (LDCs) with little prospect for economic growth; see least developed countries (LLDCs) _________________________________________________________________

Union Douaniere et Economique de l'Afrique Centrale (UDEAC) see Central African Customs and Economic Union (UDEAC) _________________________________________________________________

United Nations (UN)

address - United Nations, New York, NY 10017, US

telephone - [1] (212) 963 1234

FAX - [1] (212) 963 4879

established - 26 June 1945

effective - 24 October 1945

aim - to maintain international peace and security and to promote

cooperation involving economic, social, cultural, and humanitarian

problems

members - (187 excluding Yugoslavia) Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria,

Andorra, Angola, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Armenia, Australia,

Austria, Azerbaijan, The Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados,

Belarus, Belgium, Belize, Benin, Bhutan, Bolivia, Bosnia and

Herzegovina, Botswana, Brazil, Brunei, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Burma,

Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada, Cape Verde, Central African

Republic, Chad, Chile, China, Colombia, Comoros, Democratic Republic

of the Congo, Republic of the Congo, Costa Rica, Cote d'Ivoire,

Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Djibouti, Dominica,

Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea,

Eritrea, Estonia, Ethiopia, Fiji, Finland, France, Gabon, The Gambia,

Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea,

Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, India,

Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan,

Kazakhstan, Kenya, Kiribati, North Korea, South Korea, Kuwait,

Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Latvia, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya,

Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, The Former Yugoslav Republic of

Macedonia, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Malta,

Marshall Islands, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Federated States of

Micronesia, Moldova, Monaco, Mongolia, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia,

Nauru, Nepal, Netherlands, NZ, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Norway,

Oman, Pakistan, Palau, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru,

Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Russia, Rwanda, Saint

Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Samoa,

San Marino, Sao Tome and Principe, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Seychelles,

Sierra Leone, Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia, Solomon Islands, Somalia,

South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland, Sweden,

Syria, Tajikistan, Tanzania, Thailand, Togo, Tonga, Trinidad and

Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Uganda, Ukraine, UAE, UK, US,

Uruguay, Uzbekistan, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Vietnam, Yemen, Yugoslavia

(suspended), Zambia, Zimbabwe; note - all UN members are represented

in the General Assembly; Tuvalu will become a member in 2000

observers - (2 plus the Palestine Liberation Organization) Holy See,

Switzerland, Palestine Liberation Organization

_________________________________________________________________

United Nations Angola Verification Mission (UNAVEM III) successor to original UNAVEM and UNAVEM II; established 20 December 1988; renewed for third time 8 February 1995; aim was to assist the parties in restoring peace and achieving national reconciliation in Angola on the basis of the Peace Accords, the Lusaka Protocol, and relevant Security Council resolutions; established by the UN Security Council; members Bangladesh, Brazil, Bulgaria, Egypt, Fiji, Guinea-Bissau, Hungary, India, Jordan, Mongolia, Mali, Morocco, Netherlands, Nigeria, Portugal, Sweden, Tanzania, Uruguay, Zambia, Zimbabwe; disbanded 30 June 1997 _________________________________________________________________

United Nations Assistance Mission for Rwanda (UNAMIR) established 5 October 1993 to support and provide safe conditions for displaced persons and human rights monitors, and to assist in training a new national police force; established by the UN Security Council; members were Argentina, Australia, Austria, Bangladesh, Canada, Chad, Republic of the Congo, Djibouti, Fiji, Germany, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, India, Jordan, Malawi, Mali, Niger, Nigeria, Pakistan, Russia, Senegal, Switzerland, Tunisia, Uruguay, Zambia, Zimbabwe; terminated 8 March 1996 _________________________________________________________________

United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) note - acronym retained from the predecessor organization UN International Children's Emergency Fund address - UNICEF House, Three United Nations Plaza, New York, NY 10017, US telephone - [1] (212) 326 7000 FAX - [1] (212) 888 7465, 888 7454 established - 11 December 1946 aim - to help establish child health and welfare services members - (36) selected on a rotating basis from all regions _________________________________________________________________

United Nations Civilian Police Mission in Haiti (MIPONUH) address - c/o Department of Peace-keeping Operations, Office for Special Political Affairs, Room S-3260E, United Nations, New York NY 10017, US telephone - [1] (212) 963 1234 FAX - [1] (212) 963 4879 established - 28 November 1997 aim - to support the professionalization of the Haitian National Police; established by UN Security Council members - (11) Argentina, Benin, Canada, France, India, Mali, Niger, Senegal, Togo, Tunisia, US _________________________________________________________________

United Nations Civilian Police Support Group in Croatia established 19 December 1997 to monitor the Croatian police with respect to the return of displaced persons; members were Argentina, Austria, Denmark, Egypt, Fiji, Finland, Indonesia, Ireland, Jordan, Kenya, Lithuania, Nepal, Nigeria, Norway, Poland, Russia, Sweden, Tunisia, Ukraine, US; disbanded 15 October 1998 _________________________________________________________________

United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) address - UNCTAD, Palais des Nations, CH-1211 Geneva 10, Switzerland telephone - [41] (22) 917 12 34, 907 12 34 FAX - [41] (22) 907 00 57, 907 00 43 established - 30 December 1964 aim - to promote international trade members - (188) all UN members plus Holy See, Switzerland, Tonga _________________________________________________________________

United Nations Confidence Restoration Operation in Croatia (UNCRO) established 31 March 1995 to separate Croatian and Krajina Serb forces; to monitor demilitarization of the Prevlaka Peninsula; to maintain a presence on Croatia's international borders; to monitor and report the crossing of military personnel, equipment, supplies and weapons; to facilitate delivery of humanitarian assistance; to aid refugees and displaced persons; to protect ethnic minorities; and to clear mines; established by the UN Security Council; members were Argentina, Bangladesh, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, Czech Republic, Denmark, Egypt, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Ghana, Indonesia, Ireland, Jordan, Kenya, Lithuania, Malaysia, Nepal, Netherlands, Nigeria, Norway, Pakistan, Poland, Portugal, Russia, Senegal, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Tunisia, Turkey, Ukraine, UK, US; disbanded January 1996 _________________________________________________________________

United Nations Development Program (UNDP) address - One United Nations Plaza, New York, NY 10017, US telephone - [1] (212) 906 5788, 906 5000 FAX - [1] (212) 906 5365 established - 22 November 1965 aim - to provide technical assistance to stimulate economic and social development members - (36) selected on a rotating basis from all regions _________________________________________________________________

United Nations Disengagement Observer Force (UNDOF) address - c/o Department of Peace-keeping Operations, United Nations, Room S-3260E, New York, NY 10017, US telephone - [1] (212) 963 1234 FAX - [1] (212) 963 4879 established - 31 May 1974 aim - to observe the 1973 Arab-Israeli cease-fire; established by the UN Security Council members - (5) Austria, Canada, Japan, Poland, Slovakia _________________________________________________________________

United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization

(UNESCO)

address - 7 place de Fontenoy, F-75352 Paris 07SP, France

telephone - [33] (1) 45 68 10 00

FAX - [33] (1) 45 67 16 90

established - 16 November 1945

effective - 4 November 1946

aim - to promote cooperation in education, science, and culture

members - (186) Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Andorra, Angola,

Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Armenia, Australia, Austria,

Azerbaijan, The Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belarus,

Belgium, Belize, Benin, Bhutan, Bolivia, Bosnia and Herzegovina,

Botswana, Brazil, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Burma, Burundi, Cambodia,

Cameroon, Canada, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile,

China, Colombia, Comoros, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic

of the Congo, Cook Islands, Costa Rica, Cote d'Ivoire, Croatia, Cuba,

Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Djibouti, Dominica, Dominican

Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea,

Estonia, Ethiopia, Fiji, Finland, France, Gabon, The Gambia, Georgia,

Germany, Ghana, Greece, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau,

Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iran,

Iraq, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan,

Kenya, Kiribati, North Korea, South Korea, Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan, Laos,

Latvia, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Lithuania, Luxembourg, The

Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia,

Maldives, Mali, Malta, Marshall Islands, Mauritania, Mauritius,

Mexico, Moldova, Monaco, Mongolia, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia,

Nauru, Nepal, Netherlands, NZ, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Niue,

Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru,

Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Russia, Rwanda, Saint

Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Samoa,

San Marino, Sao Tome and Principe, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Seychelles,

Sierra Leone, Slovakia, Slovenia, Solomon Islands, Somalia, South

Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland, Sweden,

Switzerland, Syria, Tajikistan, Tanzania, Thailand, Togo, Tonga,

Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Tuvalu, Uganda,

Ukraine, UAE, UK, Uruguay, Uzbekistan, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Vietnam,

Yemen, Yugoslavia (suspended), Zambia, Zimbabwe

associate members - (4) Aruba, British Virgin Islands, Macau,

Netherlands Antilles

_________________________________________________________________

United Nations Environment Program (UNEP) address - P. O. Box 30552, Nairobi, Kenya telephone - [254] (2) 230800, 520600, 621234, 623292 FAX - [254] (2) 226890, 623927, 623692 established - 15 December 1972 aim - to promote international cooperation on all environmental matters members - (58) selected on a rotating basis from all regions _________________________________________________________________

United Nations General Assembly address - see United Nations established - 26 June 1945 effective - 24 October 1945 aim - to function as the primary deliberative organ of the UN members - (185) all UN members are represented in the General Assembly _________________________________________________________________

United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) address - UNHCR Headquarters, Case Postale 2500, Depot, CH-1211 Geneva 2, Switzerland telephone - [41] (22) 739 81 11 FAX - [41] (22) 731 95 46 established - 3 December 1949 effective - 1 January 1951 aim - to ensure the humanitarian treatment of refugees and find permanent solutions to refugee problems members - (53) Algeria, Argentina, Australia, Austria, Bangladesh, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, China, Colombia, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Denmark, Ethiopia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Holy See, Hungary, India, Iran, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan, Lebanon, Lesotho, Madagascar, Morocco, Namibia, Netherlands, Nicaragua, Nigeria, Norway, Pakistan, Philippines, Poland, Russia, Serbia and Montenegro, Somalia, South Africa, Spain, Sudan, Sweden, Switzerland, Tanzania, Thailand, Tunisia, Turkey, Uganda, UK, US, Venezuela _________________________________________________________________

United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO)

address - Vienna International Center, P. O. Box 300, A-1400 Vienna,

Austria

telephone - [43] (1) 211 310

FAX - [43] (1) 23 21 56

established - 17 November 1966

effective - 1 January 1967

aim - UN specialized agency that promotes industrial development

especially among the members

members - (168) Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Angola, Argentina,

Armenia, Austria, Azerbaijan, The Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh,

Barbados, Belarus, Belgium, Belize, Benin, Bhutan, Bolivia, Bosnia and

Herzegovina, Botswana, Brazil, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Burma, Burundi,

Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada, Cape Verde, Central African Republic,

Chad, Chile, China, Colombia, Comoros, Democratic Republic of the

Congo, Republic of the Congo, Costa Rica, Cote d'Ivoire, Croatia,

Cuba, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Djibouti, Dominica, Dominican

Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea,

Ethiopia, Fiji, Finland, France, Gabon, The Gambia, Georgia, Germany,

Ghana, Greece, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana,

Haiti, Honduras, Hungary, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Ireland,

Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kenya, North Korea, South

Korea, Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Latvia, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia,

Libya, Luxembourg, The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia,

Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Malta, Mauritania,

Mauritius, Mexico, Moldova, Mongolia, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia,

Nepal, Netherlands, NZ, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Norway, Oman,

Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines,

Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Russia, Rwanda, Saint Kitts and

Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Sao Tome and

Principe, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Slovakia,

Slovenia, Somalia, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland,

Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Tajikistan, Tanzania, Thailand, Togo,

Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Uganda, Ukraine, UAE, UK,

US, Uruguay, Uzbekistan, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Vietnam, Yemen,

Yugoslavia (suspended), Zambia, Zimbabwe

_________________________________________________________________

United Nations Institute for Training and Research (UNITAR) address - Palais des Nations, Bureau 1070, CH-1211, Geneva 10, Switzerland telephone - [41] (22) 798-58-50, 798-84-00 FAX - [41] (22) 733-13-83 established - 11 December 1963 adoption of the resolution establishing the Institute effective - 24 March 1965 aim - to help the UN become more effective through training and research members (Board of Trustees) - (19) Argentina, Australia, Austria, Cameroon, Chile, China, Egypt, France, Germany, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Netherlands, Nigeria, Pakistan, Russia, South Africa, Switzerland, Thailand; note - the UN Secretary General can appoint up to 30 members _________________________________________________________________

United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo (UNMIK) address - c/o Department of Peace-keeping Operations, Room S-3260E, United Nations, New York, NY 10017, US telephone - [1] (212) 963 1234 FAX - [1] (212) 963 4879 established - 10 June 1999 aim - to promote the establishment of substantial autonomy and self-government in Kosovo; to perform basic civilian administrative functions; to support the reconstruction of key infrastructure and humanitarian and disaster relief members - (49) Argentina, Austria, Bangladesh, Belgium, Bolivia, Bulgaria, Canada, Czech Republic, Denmark, Egypt, Estonia, Fiji, Finland, France, Germany, Ghana, Hungary, Iceland, India, Ireland, Italy, Jordan, Kenya, Kyrgyzstan, Lithuania, Malawi, Malaysia, Nepal, Netherlands, NZ, Nigeria, Norway, Pakistan, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Senegal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Tunisia, Turkey, Ukraine UK, US, Zambia, Zimbabwe _________________________________________________________________

United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon (UNIFIL) address - c/o Department of Peace-keeping Operations, Room S-3260E, United Nations, New York, NY 10017, US telephone - [1] (212) 963 1234 FAX - [1] (212) 963 4879 established - 19 March 1978 aim - to confirm the withdrawal of Israeli forces, and assist in reestablishing Lebanese authority in southern Lebanon; established by the UN Security Council members - (9) Fiji, Finland, France, Ghana, India, Ireland, Italy, Nepal, Poland _________________________________________________________________

United Nations Iraq-Kuwait Observation Mission (UNIKOM) address - c/o Department of Peace-keeping Operations, Room S-3260E, United Nations, New York, NY 10017, US telephone - [1] (212) 963 1234 FAX - [1] (212) 963 4879 established - 9 April 1991 aim - to observe and monitor the demilitarized zone established between Iraq and Kuwait; established by the UN Security Council members - (33) Argentina, Austria, Bangladesh, Canada, China, Denmark, Fiji, Finland, France, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Hungary, India, Indonesia, Ireland, Italy, Kenya, Malaysia, Nigeria, Pakistan, Poland, Romania, Russia, Senegal, Singapore, Sweden, Thailand, Turkey, UK, US, Uruguay, Venezuela _________________________________________________________________

United Nations Military Observer Group in India and Pakistan (UNMOGIP) address - P. O. Box 68, Rawalpindi, Pakistan telephone - [92] (51) 564 298 FAX - [92] (51) 567 897, 565 861 established - 24 January 1949 aim - to observe the 1949 India-Pakistan cease-fire; established by the UN Security Council members - (8) Belgium, Chile, Denmark, Finland, Italy, South Korea, Sweden, Uruguay _________________________________________________________________

United Nations Mission for the Referendum in Western Sahara (MINURSO) address - c/o Department of Peace-keeping Operations, Room S-3260E, United Nations, New York, NY 10017, US telephone - [1] (212) 963 1234 FAX - [1] (212) 963 4879 established - 29 April 1991 aim - to supervise the cease-fire and conduct a referendum in Western Sahara; established by the UN Security Council members - (29) Argentina, Austria, Bangladesh, Canada, China, Egypt, El Salvador, France, Ghana, Greece, Guinea, Honduras, India, Ireland, Italy, Kenya, South Korea, Malaysia, Nigeria, Norway, Pakistan, Poland, Portugal, Russia, Sweden, Togo, US, Uruguay, Venezuela _________________________________________________________________

United Nations Mission in Bosnia and Herzegovina (UNMIBH) address - c/o Department of Peace-keeping Operations, Room S-3260E, United Nations, New York, NY 10017, US telephone - [1] (212) 963 1234 FAX - [1] (212) 758 2718 established - 21 December 1995 aim - to establish an International Police Task Force (IPTF) to implement the Dayton Peace Agreement in Bosnia and Herzegovina members - (44) Argentina, Austria, Bangladesh, Bulgaria, Canada, Chile, Denmark, Egypt, Estonia, Fiji, Finland, France, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Ireland, Italy, Jordan, Kenya, Lithuania, Malaysia, Nepal, Netherlands, Nigeria, Norway, Pakistan, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Senegal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Thailand, Tunisia, Turkey, Ukraine, UK, US _________________________________________________________________

United Nations Mission in Haiti (UNMIH) established 23 September 1993; aim was to assist in implementing the agreement to transfer power back into the civilian government; established by the UN Security Council; became the United Nations Support Mission in Haiti (UNSMIH) 28 June 1996 with the aim to assist in the professionalization of the Haitian National Police; members were Algeria, Canada, France, India, Mali, Pakistan, Togo, US; disbanded 31 July 1997 _________________________________________________________________

United Nations Mission in the Central African Republic (MINURCA) established NA April 1998 to provide security in the capital as the government undertakes the necessary reforms to provide its own security; to provide training to civilian police; members were Benin, Burkina Faso, Cameroon Canada, Chad, Cote d'Ivoire, Egypt, France, Gabon, Mali, Portugal, Senegal, Togo, Tunisia; was disbanded 15 February 2000 _________________________________________________________________

United Nations Mission in Sierra Leone (UNAMSIL) address - c/o Department of Peace-keeping Operations, Room S-3260E, United Nations, New York, NY 10017, US telephone - [1] (212) 963-1234 FAX - [1] (212) 758-2718 established - 22 October 1999 aim - to cooperate with the Government of Sierra Leone and the other parties to the Peace Agreement in the implementation of the agreement; to monitor the military and security situation in Sierra Leone; to monitor the disarmament and demobilization of combatants and members of the Civil Defense Forces (CFD); to assist in monitoring respect for international humanitarian law members - (30) Bangladesh, Bolivia, Canada, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Egypt, France, The Gambia, Ghana, India, Indonesia, Jordan, Kenya, Kyrgyzstan, Malaysia, Namibia, Nepal, NZ, Nigeria, Norway, Pakistan, Russia, Slovakia, Sweden, Thailand, Tanzania, UK, Uruguay, Zambia _________________________________________________________________

United Nations Mission of Observers in Prevlaka (UNMOP) address - c/o Department of Peace-keeping Operations, Room S-3260E, United Nations, New York, NY 10017, US telephone - [1] (212) 963 1234 FAX - [1] (212) 758 2718 established - 1 February 1996 aim - to monitor the demilitarization of the Prevlaka peninsula members - (24) Argentina, Bangladesh, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, Ghana, Indonesia, Ireland, Jordan, Kenya, Nepal, NZ, Nigeria, Norway, Pakistan, Poland, Portugal, Russia, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine _________________________________________________________________

United Nations Mission of Observers in Tajikistan (UNMOT) address - c/o Department of Peace-keeping Operations, Room S-3260E, United Nations, New York, NY 10017, US telephone - [1] (212) 963 1234 FAX - [1] (212) 758 2718 established - 16 December 1994 aim - to monitor and investigate violations of the cease-fire of 17 September 1994 between Tajikistan and the Tajik opposition and to assist in the political negotiation process; established by the UN Security Council members - (13) Austria, Bangladesh, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Denmark, Ghana, Indonesia, Jordan, Nepal, Nigeria, Poland, Ukraine, Uruguay _________________________________________________________________

United Nations Monitoring and Verification Commission (UNMOVIC) note - formerly known as United Nations Special Commission for the Elimination of Iraq's Weapons of Mass Destruction (UNSCOM) address - c/o United Nations, Room S-3120H, New York, NY 10017, US telephone - [1] (212) 963 3018 FAX - [1] (212) 963 3922 established - NA December 1999 aim - to identify, account for, and eliminate Iraq's weapons of mass destruction and the capacity to produce them members - (22) Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, China, Czech Republic, Finland, France, Germany, Indonesia, Italy, Japan, Netherlands, Nigeria, Norway, Poland, Russia, Sri Lanka, Sweden, UK, US, Venezuela _________________________________________________________________

United Nations Observer Mission in Angola (MONUA) established 1 July 1997 to assist in implementation of peace agreement; oversee normalization of state administration throughout National territory; established by UN Security Council; members were Bangladesh, Bolivia, Brazil, Egypt, India, Jordan, Pakistan, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Senegal, Uruguay, Zambia, Zimbabwe; terminated 26 February 1999 _________________________________________________________________

United Nations Observer Mission in El Salvador (ONUSAL) established 20 May 1991 to verify cease-fire arrangements and to monitor the maintenance of public order pending the organization of a new National Civil Police; established by the UN Security Council; members were Argentina, Austria, Brazil, Canada, Chile, Colombia, France, Guyana, Ireland, Italy, Mexico, Spain, Sweden, Venezuela; disbanded April 1995 _________________________________________________________________

United Nations Observer Mission in Georgia (UNOMIG) address - c/o Department of Peace-keeping Operations, Room S-3260E, United Nations, New York, NY 10017, US telephone - [1] (212) 963 1234 FAX - [1] (212) 963 4879 established - 24 August 1993 aim - to verify compliance with the cease-fire agreement, to monitor weapons exclusion zone, and to supervise CIS peacekeeping force for Abkhazia; established by the UN Security Council members - (22) Albania, Austria, Bangladesh, Czech Republic, Denmark, Egypt, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Indonesia, Jordan, South Korea, Pakistan, Poland, Russia, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, UK, US, Uruguay _________________________________________________________________

United Nations Observer Mission in Liberia (UNOMIL) established 22 September 1993 to assist in the implementation of the peace agreement; established by the UN Security Council; members were Bangladesh, Egypt, India, Kenya, Malaysia, Pakistan; disbanded September 1997 _________________________________________________________________

United Nations Observer Mission Uganda-Rwanda (UNOMUR) established 1993 for six months to monitor the Uganda/Rwanda border to verify that no military assistance reaches Rwanda across the border; established by the UN Security Council; members were Bangladesh, Botswana, Brazil, Hungary, Netherlands, Senegal, Slovakia, Zimbabwe; subsumed by UNAMIR _________________________________________________________________

United Nations Operation in Mozambique (UNOMOZ) established 16 December 1992 to supervise the cease-fire; established by the UN Security Council; members were Argentina, Austria, Bangladesh, Botswana, Brazil, Canada, Cape Verde, China, Czech Republic, Egypt, Guinea-Bissau, Hungary, India, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Jordan, Malaysia, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Russia, Spain, Sweden, US, Uruguay, Zambia; shut down operations 31 January 1995 _________________________________________________________________

United Nations Operation in Somalia (UNOSOM II) established 24 April 1992 to facilitate an immediate cessation of hostilities, to maintain a cease-fire in order to promote a political settlement, and to provide urgent humanitarian assistance; established by the UN Security Council; members were Australia, Bangladesh, Botswana, Canada, Egypt, India, Ireland, Malaysia, Nepal, NZ, Nigeria, Pakistan, Romania, Zimbabwe; UN peacekeepers left Somalia on 1 March 1995; some UN personnel remain in Somalia engaged in humanitarian work _________________________________________________________________

United Nations Organization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (MONUC) address - c/o Department of Peace-keeping Operations, Room S-3260E, United Nations, New York, NY 10017, US telephone - [1] (212) 963 1234 FAX - [1] (212) 963 4879 established - 30 November 1999 aim - to establish contacts with the signatories to the cease-fire agreement and to plan for the observation of the cease-fire and disengagement of forces members - (24) Algeria, Bangladesh, Benin, Bolivia, Canada, Egypt, France, Ghana, India, Italy, Kenya, Libya, Mali, Nepal, Pakistan, Poland, Romania, Russia, South Africa, Sweden, UK, Tanzania, Uruguay, Zambia _________________________________________________________________

United Nations Peace-keeping Force in Cyprus (UNFICYP) address - Chief of Mission, P. O. Box 1642, Nicosia, Cyprus telephone - [357] (2) 359 700 FAX - [357] (2) 359 753 established - 4 March 1964 aim - to serve as a peacekeeping force between Greek Cypriots and Turkish Cypriots in Cyprus; established by the UN Security Council members - (10) Argentina, Australia, Austria, Canada, Finland, Hungary, Ireland, Netherlands, Slovenia, UK _________________________________________________________________

United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) note - acronym retained from predecessor organization UN Fund for Population Activities address - 220 East 42nd Street, 19th Floor, Room DN-1901, New York, NY 10017, US telephone - [1] (212) 297 5000 FAX - [1] (212) 557 6416 established - NA July 1967 aim - to assist both developed and developing countries to deal with their population problems members - (34) selected on a rotating basis from all regions _________________________________________________________________

United Nations Preventive Deployment Force (UNPREDEP)

established 31 March 1995; to monitor border activity in the Former

Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia; members were Argentina, Bangladesh,

Belgium, Brazil, Canada, Czech Republic, Denmark, Egypt, Finland,

Ghana, Indonesia, Ireland, Jordan, Kenya, Nepal, NZ, Nigeria, Norway,

Pakistan, Poland, Portugal, Russia, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey,

Ukraine, US; mandate ended 25 March 1999

_________________________________________________________________

United Nations Protection Force (UNPROFOR) established 28 February 1992; to create conditions for peace and security required for the negotiation of an overall settlement of the "Yugoslav" crisis; established by the UN Security Council; members were Bangladesh, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, Czech Republic, Denmark, Egypt, Finland, France, Germany, Ghana, Indonesia, Ireland, Jordan, Kenya, Malaysia, Nepal, Netherlands, NZ, Nigeria, Norway, Pakistan, Poland, Portugal, Russia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, UK, US; disbanded December 1995; replaced by the Implementation Force (IFOR), which has been replaced by the Stabilization Force (SFOR) _________________________________________________________________

United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East (UNRWA) address - P. O. Box 700, Vienna International Center, A-1400 Vienna, Austria established - 8 December 1949 aim - to provide assistance to Palestinian refugees members - (10) Belgium, Egypt, France, Japan, Jordan, Lebanon, Syria, Turkey, UK, US _________________________________________________________________

United Nations Research Institute for Social Development (UNRISD) address - Palais des Nations, CH-1211 Geneva 10, Switzerland telephone - [41] (22) 798 84 00, 798 58 50 FAX - [41] (22) 740 07 91 established - NA 1963 aim - to conduct research into the problems of economic development during different phases of economic growth members - no country members, but a Board of Directors consisting of a chairman appointed by the UN secretary general and 10 individual members _________________________________________________________________

United Nations Secretariat address - see United Nations established - 26 June 1945 effective - 24 October 1945 aim - to serve as the primary administrative organ of the UN; a Secretary General is appointed for a five-year term by the General Assembly on the recommendation of the Security Council members - the UN Secretary General and staff _________________________________________________________________

United Nations Security Council address - c/o United Nations, Room S-3520A, New York, NY 10017, US telephone - [1] (212) 963 1234 FAX - [1] (212) 758 2718 established - 26 June 1945 effective - 24 October 1945 aim - to maintain international peace and security permanent members - (5) China, France, Russia, UK, US nonpermanent members - (10) elected for two-year terms by the UN General Assembly; Argentina (1999-2000), Bangladesh (2000-01), Canada (1999-2000), Jamaica (2000-01), Malaysia (1999-2000), Mali (2000-01), Namibia (1999-2000), Netherlands (1999-2000), Tunisia (2000-01), Ukraine (2000-01) _________________________________________________________________

United Nations Transitional Administration in East Timor (UNTAET) address - c/o Department of Peace-keeping Operations, Room S-3260E, United Nations, New York, NY 10017, US telephone - [1] (212) 963 1234 FAX - [1] (212) 963 4879 established - 25 October 1999 aim - to provide security throughout the territory of East Timor; to establish an effective administration; to ensure the coordination and delivery of humanitarian assistance; to support capacity-building for self-government members - (27) Argentina, Australia, Austria, Bangladesh, Bolivia, Brazil, Canada, Denmark, Egypt, Ghana, Ireland, Jordan, Malaysia, Mozambique, Nepal, NZ, Pakistan, Philippines, Russia, Senegal, Spain, Sweden, Thailand, UK, US, Uruguay, Zimbabwe _________________________________________________________________

United Nations Transitional Administration in Eastern Slavonia, Baranja, and Western Sirmium (UNTAES) established 12 November 1995; aim to facilitate and supervise the Basic Agreement between the government of the Republic of Croatia and the local Serbian community that will lead to a peaceful integration of that region into the national state of Croatia; members were Argentina, Bangladesh, Belgium, Brazil, Czech Republic, Denmark, Egypt, Fiji, Finland, Ghana, Indonesia, Ireland, Jordan, Kenya, Nepal, NZ, Niger, Norway, Pakistan, Poland, Russian, Slovakia, Sweden, Switzerland, Tunisia, Ukraine, UK, US; disbanded 15 January 1998; a UN Civilian Police Support Group was established in December 1997 as follow-on mission to UNTAES; the support group will continue to monitor the Croatian police in the Danube region, particularly in connection with the return of displaced people _________________________________________________________________

United Nations Transitional Authority in Cambodia (UNTAC) established by the UN Security Council on 28 February 1992 to contribute to the restoration and maintenance of peace and to the holding of free elections; disbanded sometime after the UN-supervised election in May 1993; members were Algeria, Argentina, Australia, Austria, Bangladesh, Belgium, Brunei, Bulgaria, Cameroon, Canada, Chile, China, Colombia, Egypt, Fiji, France, Germany, Ghana, Hungary, India, Indonesia, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Jordan, Kenya, Malaysia, Morocco, Nepal, Netherlands, NZ, Nigeria, Norway, Pakistan, Philippines, Poland, Russia, Senegal, Singapore, Sweden, Thailand, Tunisia, UK, US, Uruguay _________________________________________________________________

United Nations Truce Supervision Organization (UNTSO) address - Government House, P. O. Box 490, Jerusalem 91004, Israel telephone - [972] (2) 673 4223 FAX - [972] (2) 673 5282, 673 4223 extension 400 established - NA June 1948 aim - to supervise the 1948 Arab-Israeli cease-fire; currently supports timely deployment of reinforcements to other peacekeeping operations in the region as needed; initially established by the UN Security Council members - (22) Argentina, Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Chile, China, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Ireland, Italy, Netherlands, NZ, Norway, Russia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Sweden, Switzerland, US _________________________________________________________________

United Nations Trusteeship Council established on 26 June 1945, effective on 24 October 1945, to supervise the administration of the 11 UN trust territories; members were China, France, Russia, UK, US; it formally suspended operations 1 November 1995 after the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands (Palau) became the Republic of Palau, a constitutional government in free association with the US; the Trusteeship Council was not dissolved _________________________________________________________________

United Nations University (UNU) address - 53-70 Jingumae 5-chome, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo 150, Japan telephone - [81] (3) 3499 2811 FAX - [81] (3) 3499 2828 established - 3 December 1973 aim - to conduct research in development, welfare, and human survival and to train scholars members - (38 associated institutes in 32 countries) Argentina, Australia, Bangladesh, Brazil, Canada, Chile, China, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ethiopia, France, Ghana, Guatemala, Hungary, Iceland, India, Japan, Kenya, South Korea, Mexico, Netherlands, Nigeria, Philippines, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Switzerland, Thailand, Trinidad and Tobago, UK, US, Venezuela _________________________________________________________________

United Nations Verification Mission in Guatemala (MINUGUA) established on 20 January 1997; to verify fulfillment of cease-fire provisions; established by UN Security Council; members were Argentina, Australia, Austria, Brazil, Canada, Columbia, Ecuador, Germany, Italy, Norway, Russia, Singapore, Spain, Sweden, Ukraine, US, Uruguay, Venezuela; mandate terminated in May 1997 _________________________________________________________________

Universal Postal Union (UPU)

address - Bureau International de l'UPU, Weltpoststrasse 4, CH-3000

Berne 15, Switzerland

telephone - [41] (31) 350 31 11

FAX - [41] (31) 350 31 10

established - 9 October 1874, affiliated with the UN 15 November 1947

effective - 1 July 1948

aim - to promote international postal cooperation; a UN specialized

agency

members - (189) Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Angola, Antigua and

Barbuda, Argentina, Armenia, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, The

Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belarus, Belgium, Belize,

Benin, Bhutan, Bolivia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Botswana, Brazil,

Brunei, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Burma, Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon,

Canada, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, China,

Colombia, Comoros, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the

Congo, Costa Rica, Cote d'Ivoire, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech

Republic, Denmark, Djibouti, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador,

Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Estonia, Ethiopia,

Fiji, Finland, France, Gabon, The Gambia, Georgia, Germany, Ghana,

Greece, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Holy

See, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq,

Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kenya,

Kiribati, North Korea, South Korea, Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Latvia,

Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Liechtenstein, Lithuania,

Luxembourg, The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Madagascar,

Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Malta, Mauritania, Mauritius,

Mexico, Moldova, Monaco, Mongolia, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia,

Nauru, Nepal, Netherlands, Netherlands Antilles, NZ, Nicaragua, Niger,

Nigeria, Norway, Oman, Overseas Territories of the UK, Pakistan,

Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland,

Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Russia, Rwanda, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint

Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Samoa, San Marino, Sao Tome

and Principe, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone,

Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia, Solomon Islands, Somalia, South Africa,

Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland, Sweden, Switzerland,

Syria, Tajikistan, Tanzania, Thailand, Togo, Tonga, Trinidad and

Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Tuvalu, Uganda, Ukraine, UAE,

UK, US, Uruguay, Uzbekistan, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Vietnam, Yemen,

Yugoslavia (suspended), Zambia, Zimbabwe

_________________________________________________________________

Warsaw Pact (WP) established 14 May 1955 to promote mutual defense; members met 1 July 1991 to dissolve the alliance; member states at the time of dissolution were Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Poland, Romania, and the USSR; earlier members included GDR and Albania _________________________________________________________________

West African Development Bank (WADB) note - also known as Banque Ouest-Africaine de Developpement (BOAD); is a financial institution of WAEMU address - 68 Avenue de la Liberation, BP 1172, Lome, Togo telephone - [228] 21 59 06, 21 42 44, 21 01 13 FAX - [228] 21 52 67, 21 72 69 established - 14 November 1973 aim - to promote regional economic development and integration regional members - (8) Benin, Burkina Faso, Cote d'Ivoire, Guinea-Bissau, Mali, Niger, Senegal, Togo international/nonregional members - (5) African Development Bank, Belgium, European Investment Bank, France, Germany _________________________________________________________________

West African Economic and Monetary Union (WAEMU) note - also known as Union Economique et Monetaire Ouest Africaine (UEMOA) address - Commission de l'UEMOA, 01 BP 543, Ouadgadougou, Burkina Faso telephone - [226] 31 88 73 through 76 FAX - [226] 31 88 72 established - 1 August 1994 aim - to increase competitiveness of members' economic markets; to create a common market members - (8) Benin, Burkina Faso, Cote d'Ivoire, Guinea-Bissau, Mali, Niger, Senegal, Togo _________________________________________________________________

West African Economic Community (CEAO) note - acronym from Communaute Economique de l'Afrique de l'Ouest established on 3 June 1972 to promote regional economic development; its members were Benin, Burkina Faso, Cote d'Ivoire, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Senegal; it was disbanded in 1994 _________________________________________________________________

Western European Union (WEU) address - Rue de la Regence 4, B-1000 Brussels, Belgium telephone - [32] (2) 500 44 11 FAX - [32] (2) 511 32 70 established - 23 October 1954 effective - 6 May 1955 aim - to provide mutual defense and to move toward political unification members - (10) Belgium, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, UK associate members - (6) Czech Republic, Hungary, Iceland, Norway, Poland, Turkey associate partners - (7) Bulgaria, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia observers - (5) Austria, Denmark, Finland, Ireland, Sweden _________________________________________________________________

World Bank see International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) _________________________________________________________________

World Bank Group includes International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD), International Development Association (IDA), and International Finance Corporation (IFC) _________________________________________________________________

World Confederation of Labor (WCL)

address - Rue de Treves 33, B-1040 Brussels, Belgium

telephone - [32] (2) 230 62 95

FAX - [32] (2) 230 87 22

established - 19 June 1920 as the International Federation of

Christian Trade Unions (IFCTU), renamed 4 October 1968

aim - to promote the trade union movement

members - (99 national organizations) Algeria, Angola, Antigua and

Barbuda, Argentina, Aruba, Austria, Bangladesh, Belgium, Belize,

Benin, Bolivia, Bonaire Island, Botswana, Brazil, Burkina Faso,

Cameroon, Canada, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile,

Colombia, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Costa Rica, Cote d'Ivoire,

Cuba, Curacao, Cyprus, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El

Salvador, France, French Guiana, Gabon, The Gambia, Ghana, Grenada,

Guadeloupe, Guatemala, Guinea, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Hong Kong,

Indonesia, Iran, Italy, Jamaica, Kenya, Lesotho, Liberia,

Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Madagascar, Malaysia, Mali, Malta,

Martinique, Mauritius, Mexico, Montserrat, Namibia, Netherlands,

Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Pakistan, Panama, Paraguay, Peru,

Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Puerto Rico, Romania, Rwanda, Saint

Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Martin, Saint Vincent and the

Grenadines, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Spain, Sri Lanka,

Suriname, Switzerland, Taiwan, Tanzania, Thailand, Togo, UK, US,

Uruguay, Venezuela, Vietnam, Zambia, Zimbabwe

_________________________________________________________________

World Court see International Court of Justice (ICJ) _________________________________________________________________

World Customs Organization (WCO) see Customs Cooperation Council (CCC) _________________________________________________________________

World Federation of Trade Unions (WFTU)

address - Branicka 112, 14701 Prague 4, Czech Republic

telephone - [42] (2) 44 46 21 40, 44 46 20 85, 44 46 29 61

FAX - [42] (2) 44 46 13 78

established - 3 October 1945

aim - to promote the trade union movement

members - (125 and the Palestine Liberation Organization) Afghanistan,

Albania, Angola, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Armenia, Australia,

Austria, Azerbaijan, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belarus, Benin,

Bolivia, Botswana, Brazil, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Cambodia, Cameroon,

Canada, Chile, Colombia, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of

the Congo, Costa Rica, Cote d'Ivoire, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech Republic,

Djibouti, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Eritrea,

Ethiopia, Fiji, Finland, France, French Guiana, The Gambia, Ghana,

Greece, Guadeloupe, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti,

Honduras, Hungary, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Jamaica, Japan,

Jordan, Kazakhstan, North Korea, Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Lebanon,

Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Mali,

Martinique, Mauritius, Mexico, Mozambique, Nepal, New Caledonia, NZ,

Niger, Nigeria, Oman, Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Peru,

Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Puerto Rico, Reunion, Romania, Russia,

Saint Lucia, Saint Pierre and Miquelon, Saint Vincent and the

Grenadines, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Slovakia, Solomon

Islands, Somalia, South Africa, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Sweden, Syria,

Tajikistan, Tanzania, Thailand, Togo, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia,

Turkey, Turkmenistan, Uganda, Ukraine, Uruguay, Uzbekistan, Vanuatu,

Venezuela, Vietnam, Yemen, Zimbabwe, Palestine Liberation Organization

_________________________________________________________________

World Food Council (WFC) established 17 December 1974; to study world food problems and to recommend solutions; ECOSOC organization; there were 36 members selected on a rotating basis from all regions; subsumed by the World Food Program and Food and Agriculture Organization _________________________________________________________________

World Food Program (WFP) address - Via Cesare Giullio Viola, 68/70 Parco de Medici, I-00148 Rome, Italy telephone - [39] (6) 522821 FAX - [39] (6) 59602348, 52282840 established - 24 November 1961 aim - to provide food aid in support of economic development or disaster relief; an ECOSOC organization members - (36) selected on a rotating basis from all regions _________________________________________________________________

World Health Organization (WHO)

address - CH-1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland

telephone - [41] (22) 791 21 11, 791 32 23

FAX - [41] (22) 791 07 46

established - 22 July 1946

effective - 7 April 1948

aim - to deal with health matters worldwide; a UN specialized agency

members - (191) Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Andorra, Angola,

Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Armenia, Australia, Austria,

Azerbaijan, The Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belarus,

Belgium, Belize, Benin, Bhutan, Bolivia, Bosnia and Herzegovina,

Botswana, Brazil, Brunei, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Burma, Burundi,

Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada, Cape Verde, Central African Republic,

Chad, Chile, China, Colombia, Comoros, Democratic Republic of the

Congo, Republic of the Congo, Cook Islands, Costa Rica, Cote d'Ivoire,

Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Djibouti, Dominica,

Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea,

Eritrea, Estonia, Ethiopia, Fiji, Finland, France, Gabon, The Gambia,

Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea,

Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, India,

Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan,

Kazakhstan, Kenya, Kiribati, North Korea, South Korea, Kuwait,

Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Latvia, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Lithuania,

Luxembourg, The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Madagascar,

Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Malta, Marshall Islands, Mauritania,

Mauritius, Mexico, Federated States of Micronesia, Moldova, Monaco,

Mongolia, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Nauru, Nepal, Netherlands, NZ,

Nicaragua, Niue, Niger, Nigeria, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Palau,

Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland,

Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Russia, Rwanda, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint

Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Samoa, San Marino, Sao Tome

and Principe, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone,

Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia, Solomon Islands, Somalia, South Africa,

Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland, Sweden, Switzerland,

Syria, Tajikistan, Tanzania, Thailand, Togo, Tonga, Trinidad and

Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Tuvalu, Uganda, Ukraine, UAE,

UK, US, Uruguay, Uzbekistan, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Vietnam, Yemen,

Yugoslavia (suspended), Zambia, Zimbabwe

associate members - (2) Puerto Rico, Tokelau

_________________________________________________________________

World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO)

address - 34 Chemin des Colombettes, Case Postale 18, CH-1211 Geneva

20, Switzerland

telephone - [41] (22) 338 9111

FAX - [41] (22) 733 5428

established - 14 July 1967

effective - 26 April 1970

aim - to furnish protection for literary, artistic, and scientific

works; a UN specialized agency

members - (171) Albania, Algeria, Andorra, Angola, Argentina, Armenia,

Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, The Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh,

Barbados, Belarus, Belgium, Benin, Bhutan, Bolivia, Bosnia and

Herzegovina, Botswana, Brazil, Brunei, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso,

Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada, Cape Verde, Central African

Republic, Chad, Chile, China, Colombia, Democratic Republic of the

Congo, Republic of the Congo, Costa Rica, Cote d'Ivoire, Croatia,

Cuba, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Dominica, Ecuador, Egypt, El

Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Estonia, Ethiopia, Fiji,

Finland, France, Gabon, The Gambia, Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Greece,

Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Holy See,

Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iraq, Ireland, Israel,

Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, North Korea, South

Korea, Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Latvia, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia,

Libya, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, The Former Yugoslav

Republic of Macedonia, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Mali, Malta,

Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Moldova, Monaco, Mongolia, Morocco,

Mozambique, Namibia, Nepal, Netherlands, NZ, Nicaragua, Niger,

Nigeria, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay,

Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Russia, Rwanda,

Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines,

Samoa, San Marino, Sao Tome and Principe, Saudi Arabia, Senegal,

Serbia and Montenegro, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia,

Somalia, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland,

Sweden, Switzerland, Tajikistan, Tanzania, Thailand, Togo, Trinidad

and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Uganda, Ukraine, UAE, UK,

US, Uruguay, Uzbekistan, Venezuela, Vietnam, Yemen, Zambia, Zimbabwe

_________________________________________________________________

World Meteorological Organization (WMO)

address - Case Postale 2300, 41 Avenue Giuseppe-Motta, CH-1211 Geneva

2, Switzerland

telephone - [41] (22) 730 81 11

FAX - [41] (22) 734 23 26

established - 11 October 1947

effective - 4 April 1951

aim - to sponsor meteorological cooperation; a UN specialized agency

members - (185) Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Angola, Antigua and

Barbuda, Argentina, Armenia, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, The

Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belarus, Belgium, Belize,

Benin, Bolivia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Botswana, Brazil, British

Caribbean Territories, Brunei, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Burma, Burundi,

Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada, Cape Verde, Central African Republic,

Chad, Chile, China, Colombia, Comoros, Democratic Republic of the

Congo, Republic of the Congo, Cook Islands, Costa Rica, Cote d'Ivoire,

Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Djibouti, Dominica,

Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Eritrea, Estonia,

Ethiopia, Fiji, Finland, France, French Polynesia, Gabon, The Gambia,

Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau,

Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Hong Kong, Hungary, Iceland, India,

Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan,

Kazakhstan, Kenya, North Korea, South Korea, Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan, Laos,

Latvia, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Lithuania, Luxembourg,

Macau, The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Madagascar, Malawi,

Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Malta, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico,

Federated States of Micronesia, Moldova, Monaco, Mongolia, Morocco,

Mozambique, Namibia, Nepal, Netherlands, Netherlands Antilles, New

Caledonia, NZ, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Niue, Norway, Oman,

Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines,

Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Russia, Rwanda, Saint Lucia, Samoa,

Sao Tome and Principe, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra

Leone, Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia, Solomon Islands, Somalia, South

Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland, Sweden,

Switzerland, Syria, Tajikistan, Tanzania, Thailand, Togo, Tonga,

Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Uganda, Ukraine,

UAE, UK, US, Uruguay, Uzbekistan, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Vietnam, Yemen,

Yugoslavia (suspended), Zambia, Zimbabwe

_________________________________________________________________

World Tourism Organization (WToO)

address - Calle Capitan Haya 42, 28020 Madrid, Spain

telephone - [34] (1) 567 81 00

FAX - [34] (1) 571 37 33

established - 2 January 1975

aim - to promote tourism as a means of contributing to economic

development, international understanding, and peace

members - (131) Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Andorra, Angola,

Argentina, Armenia, Austria, Bangladesh, Benin, Bolivia, Bosnia and

Herzegovina, Botswana, Brazil, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Burma, Burundi,

Cambodia, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, China,

Colombia, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Congo,

Costa Rica, Cote d'Ivoire, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech Republic,

Djibouti, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial

Guinea, Ethiopia, Fiji, Finland, France, Gabon, The Gambia, Georgia,

Germany, Ghana, Greece, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau,

Haiti, Hungary, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Italy, Jamaica,

Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, North Korea, South Korea, Kuwait,

Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Lebanon, Lesotho, Libya, The Former Yugoslav

Republic of Macedonia, Madagascar, Malawi, Maldives, Mali, Malta,

Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Moldova, Mongolia, Morocco, Mozambique,

Namibia, Nepal, Netherlands, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Pakistan,

Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Romania,

Russia, Rwanda, San Marino, Sao Tome and Principe, Senegal,

Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Slovakia, Slovenia, South Africa, Spain, Sri

Lanka, Sudan, Switzerland, Syria, Tanzania, Thailand, Togo, Tunisia,

Turkey, Turkmenistan, Uganda, Ukraine, Uruguay, Uzbekistan, Venezuela,

Vietnam, Yemen, Zambia, Zimbabwe

associate members - (5) Aruba, Flanders, Macau, Madeira Islands,

Netherlands Antilles

observer - (1) Holy See

_________________________________________________________________

World Trade Organization (WTrO) note - succeeded General Agreement on Tariff and Trade (GATT) address - Centre William Rappard, 154 Rue de Lausanne, CH-1211 Geneva 21, Switzerland telephone - [41] (22) 739 51 11 FAX - [41] (22) 739 54 58 established - 15 April 1994 effective - 1 January 1995 aim - to provide a means to resolve trade conflicts between members and to carry on negotiations with the goal of further lowering and/or eliminating tariffs and other trade barriers members - (136) Angola, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Australia, Austria, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belgium, Belize, Benin, Bolivia, Botswana, Brazil, Brunei, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Burma, Burundi, Cameroon, Canada, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, Colombia, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Congo, Costa Rica, Cote d'Ivoire, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Djibouti, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Estonia, EU, Fiji, Finland, France, Gabon, The Gambia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Hong Kong, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kenya, South Korea, Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Lesotho, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Macau, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Malta, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Mongolia, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Netherlands, NZ, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Norway, Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Rwanda, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia, Solomon Islands, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Suriname, Swaziland, Sweden, Switzerland, Tanzania, Thailand, Togo, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Uganda, UAE, UK, US, Uruguay, Venezuela, Zambia, Zimbabwe observers - (6) Azerbaijan, Laos, Somalia, Sudan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan applicants - (31) Albania, Algeria, Armenia, The Bahamas, Belarus, Cambodia, Cape Verde, China, Comoros, Croatia, Equatorial Guinea, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kiribati, Lithuania, The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Moldova, Nepal, Oman, Russia, Sao Tome and Principe, Saudi Arabia, Seychelles, Tonga, Tuvalu, Ukraine, Uzbekistan, Vanuatu, Vietnam, Yemen, Taiwan; note - some of these countries applied to GATT and are still under consideration for membership in WTrO; the following member of GATT had not become a member of WTrO as of 1 January 1998: Yugoslavia (suspended) _________________________________________________________________

Zangger Committee (ZC) established - early 1970s aim - to establish guidelines for the export control provisions of the Nonproliferation of Nuclear Weapons Treaty (NPT) members - (33) Argentina, Australia, Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Canada, China, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Japan, South Korea, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, South Africa, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, UK, US _________________________________________________________________

Note: The Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (SFRY) ceases to exist. None of the successor states of the former Yugoslavia, including Serbia and Montenegro, have been permitted to participate solely on the basis of the membership of the former Yugoslavia in the United Nations General Assembly and Economic and Social Council and their subsidiary bodies and in various United Nations specialized agencies. The United Nations, however, permits the seat and nameplate of the SFRY to remain, permits the SFRY mission to continue to function, and continues to fly the flag of the former Yugoslavia. For a variety of reasons, a number of other organizations have not yet taken action with regard to the membership of the former Yugoslavia. The World Factbook HomeHome therefore continues to list Yugoslavia under international organizations where the SFRY seat remains or where no action has yet been taken.

______________________________________________________________________

@Appendix D: Selected International Environmental Agreements

Air Pollution

see Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution

Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides

see Protocol to the 1979 Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air

Pollution Concerning the Control of Emissions of Nitrogen Oxides or

Their Transboundary Fluxes

Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants

see Protocol to the 1979 Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air

Pollution on Persistent Organic Pollutants

Air Pollution-Sulphur 85

see Protocol to the 1979 Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air

Pollution on the Reduction of Sulphur Emissions or Their Transboundary

Fluxes by at least 30%

Air Pollution-Sulphur 94

see Protocol to the 1979 Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air

Pollution on Further Reduction of Sulphur Emissions

Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds

see Protocol to the 1979 Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air

Pollution Concerning the Control of Emissions of Volatile Organic

Compounds or Their Transboundary Fluxes

Antarctic-Environmental Protocol

see Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty

Antarctic Treaty

opened for signature - 1 December 1959

entered into force - 23 June 1961

objective - to ensure that Antarctica is used for peaceful purposes

only (such as international cooperation in scientific research); to

defer the question of territorial claims asserted by some nations and

not recognized by others; to provide an international forum for

management of the region; applies to land and ice shelves south of 60

degrees South latitude

parties - (44) Argentina, Australia, Austria, Belgium, Brazil,

Bulgaria, Canada, Chile, China, Colombia, Cuba, Czech Republic,

Denmark, Ecuador, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Guatemala,

Hungary, India, Italy, Japan, North Korea, South Korea, Netherlands,

NZ, Norway, Papua New Guinea, Peru, Poland, Romania, Russia, Slovakia,

South Africa, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine, UK, US,

Uruguay, Venezuela

Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movements of

Hazardous Wastes and Their Disposal

note - abbreviated as Hazardous Wastes

opened for signature - 22 March 1989

entered into force - 5 May 1992

objective - to reduce transboundary movements of wastes subject to the

Convention to a minimum consistent with the environmentally sound and

efficient management of such wastes; to minimize the amount and

toxicity of wastes generated and ensure their environmentally sound

management as closely as possible to the source of generation; and to

assist LDCs in environmentally sound management of the hazardous and

other wastes they generate

parties - (134) Albania, Algeria, Andorra, Antigua and Barbuda,

Argentina, Armenia, Australia, Austria, The Bahamas, Bahrain,

Bangladesh, Barbados, Belarus, Belgium, Belize, Benin, Bolivia,

Botswana, Brazil, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Canada, Cape Verde,

Chile, China, Colombia, Comoros, Democratic Republic of the Congo,

Costa Rica, Cote d'Ivoire, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech Republic,

Denmark, Dominica, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Estonia, EU, Finland,

France, The Gambia, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Guatemala, Guinea,

Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iran, Ireland, Israel,

Italy, Japan, Jordan, South Korea, Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia,

Lebanon, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, The Former Yugoslav

Republic of Macedonia, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives,

Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Federated States of Micronesia,

Moldova, Monaco, Mongolia, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Nepal,

Netherlands, NZ, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Norway, Oman, Pakistan,

Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland,

Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Russia, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia,

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Seychelles,

Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sweden,

Switzerland, Syria, Tanzania, Thailand, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia,

Turkey, Turkmenistan, Uganda, Ukraine, UAE, UK, Uruguay, Uzbekistan,

Venezuela, Vietnam, Yemen, Zambia

countries that have signed, but not yet ratified - (3) Afghanistan,

Haiti, US

Biodiversity

see Convention on Biological Diversity

Convention on Biological Diversity

note - abbreviated as Biodiversity

opened for signature - 5 June 1992

entered into force - 29 December 1993

objective - to develop national strategies for the conservation and

sustainable use of biological diversity

parties - (176) Albania, Algeria, Angola, Antigua and Barbuda,

Argentina, Armenia, Australia, Austria, The Bahamas, Bahrain,

Bangladesh, Barbados, Belarus, Belgium, Belize, Benin, Bhutan,

Bolivia, Botswana, Brazil, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Burma, Burundi,

Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada, Cape Verde, Central African Republic,

Chad, Chile, China, Colombia, Comoros, Democratic Republic of the

Congo, Republic of the Congo, Cook Islands, Costa Rica, Cote d'Ivoire,

Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Djibouti, Dominica,

Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea,

Eritrea, Estonia, Ethiopia, EU, Fiji, Finland, France, Gabon, The

Gambia, Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea,

Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, India,

Indonesia, Iran, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan,

Kazakhstan, Kenya, Kiribati, North Korea, South Korea, Kyrgyzstan,

Laos, Latvia, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg,

The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Madagascar, Malawi,

Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Marshall Islands, Mauritania, Mauritius,

Mexico, Federated States of Micronesia, Moldova, Monaco, Mongolia,

Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Nauru, Nepal, Netherlands, NZ,

Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Niue, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Palau,

Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland,

Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Russia, Rwanda, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint

Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Samoa, San Marino, Sao Tome

and Principe, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Slovakia,

Slovenia, Solomon Islands, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan,

Suriname, Swaziland, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Tajikistan, Tanzania,

Togo, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan,

Uganda, Ukraine, UK, Uruguay, Uzbekistan, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Vietnam,

Yemen, Zambia, Zimbabwe

countries that have signed, but not yet ratified - (11) Afghanistan,

Azerbaijan, Kuwait, Liberia, Libya, Malta, Thailand, Tuvalu, UAE, US,

former Yugoslavia

Climate Change

see United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change

Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol

see Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on

Climate Change

Convention on Fishing and Conservation of Living Resources of the High

Seas

note - abbreviated as Marine Life Conservation

opened for signature - 29 April 1958

entered into force - 20 March 1966

objective - to solve through international cooperation the problems

involved in the conservation of living resources of the high seas,

considering that because of the development of modern technology some

of these resources are in danger of being overexploited

parties - (37) Australia, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Burkina

Faso, Cambodia, Colombia, Denmark, Dominican Republic, Fiji, Finland,

France, Haiti, Jamaica, Kenya, Lesotho, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia,

Mauritius, Mexico, Netherlands, Nigeria, Portugal, Senegal, Sierra

Leone, Solomon Islands, South Africa, Spain, Switzerland, Thailand,

Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Uganda, UK, US, Venezuela, former

Yugoslavia

countries that have signed, but not yet ratified - (21) Afghanistan,

Argentina, Bolivia, Canada, Costa Rica, Cuba, Ghana, Iceland,

Indonesia, Iran, Ireland, Israel, Lebanon, Liberia, Nepal, NZ,

Pakistan, Panama, Sri Lanka, Tunisia, Uruguay

Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution

note - abbreviated as Air Pollution

opened for signature - 13 November 1979

entered into force - 16 March 1983

objective - to protect the human environment against air pollution and

to gradually reduce and prevent air pollution, including long-range

transboundary air pollution

parties - (44) Armenia, Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Bosnia and

Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Canada, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic,

Denmark, EU, Finland, France, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Hungary,

Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg,

The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Malta, Moldova,

Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Slovakia,

Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine, UK, US, former

Yugoslavia

countries that have signed, but not yet ratified - (2) Holy See, San

Marino

Convention on the International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild

Flora and Fauna (CITES)

note - abbreviated as Endangered Species

opened for signature - 3 March 1973

entered into force - 1 July 1975

objective - to protect certain endangered species from

overexploitation by means of a system of import/export permits

parties - (152) Afghanistan, Algeria, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina,

Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, The Bahamas, Bangladesh, Barbados,

Belarus, Belgium, Belize, Benin, Bolivia, Botswana, Brazil, Brunei,

Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Burma, Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada,

Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, China, Colombia, Comoros,

Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Congo, Costa Rica,

Cote d'Ivoire, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Djibouti,

Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial

Guinea, Eritrea, Estonia, Ethiopia, Fiji, Finland, France, Gabon, The

Gambia, Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea,

Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia,

Iran, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kenya,

Kiribati, South Korea, Latvia, Liberia, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg,

Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Mali, Malta, Mauritania, Mauritius,

Mexico, Monaco, Mongolia, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Nepal,

Netherlands, NZ, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Norway, Pakistan, Panama,

Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal,

Romania, Russia, Rwanda, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint

Vincent and the Grenadines, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra

Leone, Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia, Somalia, South Africa, Spain,

Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland, Sweden, Switzerland, Tanzania,

Thailand, Togo, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Tuvalu, Uganda,

Ukraine, UAE, UK, US, Uruguay, Uzbekistan, Vanuatu, Venezuela,

Vietnam, Yemen, Zambia, Zimbabwe

countries that have signed, but not yet ratified - (3) Ireland,

Kuwait, Lesotho

Convention on the Prevention of Marine Pollution by Dumping Wastes and

Other Matter (London Convention)

note - abbreviated as Marine Dumping

opened for signature - 29 December 1972

entered into force - 30 August 1975

objective - to control pollution of the sea by dumping and to

encourage regional agreements supplementary to the Convention

parties - (86) Afghanistan, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Australia,

Azerbaijan, Barbados, Belarus, Belgium, Belize, Bolivia, Bosnia and

Herzegovina, Brazil, Canada, Cape Verde, Chile, China, Democratic

Republic of the Congo, Costa Rica, Cote d'Ivoire, Croatia, Cuba,

Cyprus, Denmark, Dominican Republic, Egypt, Finland, France, Gabon,

Germany, Greece, Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, Iran,

Ireland, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kenya, Kiribati, South Korea,

Kuwait, Lebanon, Liberia, Libya, Luxembourg, Malta, Mexico, Monaco,

Morocco, Nauru, Nepal, Netherlands, NZ, Nigeria, Norway, Oman,

Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Poland, Portugal,

Russia, Saint Lucia, Seychelles, Slovenia, Solomon Islands, South

Africa, Spain, Suriname, Sweden, Switzerland, Togo, Tonga, Tunisia,

Tuvalu, Ukraine, UAE, UK, US, Vanuatu, former Yugoslavia

Convention on the Prohibition of Military or Any Other Hostile Use of

Environmental Modification Techniques

note - abbreviated as Environmental Modification

opened for signature - 10 December 1976

entered into force - 5 October 1978

objective - to prohibit the military or other hostile use of

environmental modification techniques in order to further world peace

and trust among nations

parties - (66) Afghanistan, Algeria, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina,

Australia, Austria, Bangladesh, Belarus, Belgium, Benin, Brazil,

Bulgaria, Canada, Cape Verde, Chile, Costa Rica, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech

Republic, Denmark, Dominica, Egypt, Finland, Germany, Ghana, Greece,

Guatemala, Hungary, India, Ireland, Italy, Japan, North Korea, South

Korea, Kuwait, Laos, Malawi, Mauritius, Mongolia, Netherlands, NZ,

Niger, Norway, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, Poland, Romania, Russia,

Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Sao Tome and Principe,

Slovakia, Solomon Islands, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sweden, Switzerland,

Tajikistan, Tunisia, Ukraine, UK, US, Uruguay, Uzbekistan, Vietnam,

Yemen

countries that have signed, but not yet ratified - (17) Bolivia,

Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ethiopia, Holy See, Iceland, Iran,

Iraq, Lebanon, Liberia, Luxembourg, Morocco, Nicaragua, Portugal,

Sierra Leone, Syria, Turkey, Uganda

Convention on Wetlands of International Importance Especially as

Waterfowl Habitat (Ramsar)

note - abbreviated as Wetlands

opened for signature - 2 February 1971

entered into force - 21 December 1975

objective - to stem the progressive encroachment on and loss of

wetlands now and in the future, recognizing the fundamental ecological

functions of wetlands and their economic, cultural, scientific, and

recreational value

parties - (123) Albania, Algeria, Argentina, Armenia, Australia,

Austria, The Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Belarus, Belgium, Belize,

Benin, Bolivia, Botswana, Brazil, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Cambodia,

Canada, Chad, Chile, China, Colombia, Comoros, Democratic Republic of

the Congo, Republic of the Congo, Costa Rica, Cote d'Ivoire, Croatia,

Czech Republic, Denmark, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Estonia,

Finland, France, Gabon, The Gambia, Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Greece,

Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, India,

Indonesia, Iran, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan,

Kenya, South Korea, Latvia, Lebanon, Liechtenstein, Lithuania,

Luxembourg, The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Madagascar,

Malawi, Malaysia, Mali, Malta, Mauritania, Mexico, Monaco, Mongolia,

Morocco, Namibia, Nepal, Netherlands, NZ, Nicaragua, Niger, Norway,

Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines,

Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Slovakia,

Slovenia, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Suriname, Sweden,

Switzerland, Syria, Thailand, Togo, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia,

Turkey, Uganda, Ukraine, UK, US, Uruguay, Venezuela, Vietnam, former

Yugoslavia, Zambia

Desertification

see United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification in those

Countries Experiencing Serious Drought and/or Desertification,

Particularly in Africa

Endangered Species

see Convention on the International Trade in Endangered Species of

Wild Flora and Fauna (CITES)

Environmental Modification

see Convention on the Prohibition of Military or Any Other Hostile Use

of Environmental Modification Techniques

Hazardous Wastes

see Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movements of

Hazardous Wastes and Their Disposal

International Convention for the Regulation of Whaling

note - abbreviated as Whaling

opened for signature - 2 December 1946

entered into force - 10 November 1948

objective - to protect all species of whales from overhunting; to

establish a system of international regulation for the whale fisheries

to ensure proper conservation and development of whale stocks; and to

safeguard for future generations the great natural resources

represented by whale stocks

parties - (51) Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Australia, Austria,

Belize, Brazil, Canada, Chile, China, Costa Rica, Denmark, Dominica,

Ecuador, Egypt, Finland, France, Germany, Grenada, Iceland, India,

Ireland, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Kenya, South Korea, Mauritius, Mexico,

Monaco, Netherlands, NZ, Norway, Oman, Panama, Peru, Philippines,

Russia, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the

Grenadines, Senegal, Seychelles, Solomon Islands, South Africa, Spain,

Sweden, Switzerland, UK, US, Uruguay, Venezuela

International Tropical Timber Agreement, 1983

note - abbreviated as Tropical Timber 83

opened for signature - 18 November 1983

entered into force - 1 April 1985; this agreement expired when the

International Tropical Timber Agreement, 1994, went into force

objective - to provide an effective framework for cooperation between

tropical timber producers and consumers and to encourage the

development of national policies aimed at sustainable utilization and

conservation of tropical forests and their genetic resources

parties - (54) Australia, Austria, Belgium, Bolivia, Brazil, Burma,

Cameroon, Canada, China, Colombia, Democratic Republic of the Congo,

Republic of the Congo, Cote d'Ivoire, Denmark, Ecuador, Egypt, EU,

Fiji, Finland, France, Gabon, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Guyana,

Honduras, India, Indonesia, Ireland, Italy, Japan, South Korea,

Liberia, Luxembourg, Malaysia, Nepal, Netherlands, NZ, Norway, Panama,

Papua New Guinea, Peru, Philippines, Portugal, Russia, Spain, Sweden,

Switzerland, Thailand, Togo, Trinidad and Tobago, UK, US, Venezuela

International Tropical Timber Agreement, 1994

note - abbreviated as Tropical Timber 94

opened for signature - 26 January 1994

entered into force - 1 January 1997

objective - to ensure that by the year 2000 exports of tropical timber

originate from sustainably managed sources; to establish a fund to

assist tropical timber producers in obtaining the resources necessary

to reach this objective

parties - (55) Australia, Austria, Belgium, Bolivia, Brazil, Burma,

Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada, Central African Republic, China, Colombia,

Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Congo, Cote

d'Ivoire, Denmark, Ecuador, Egypt, EU, Fiji, Finland, France, Gabon,

Germany, Ghana, Greece, Guyana, Honduras, India, Indonesia, Italy,

Japan, South Korea, Liberia, Luxembourg, Malaysia, Nepal, Netherlands,

NZ, Norway, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Peru, Philippines, Portugal,

Spain, Suriname, Sweden, Switzerland, Thailand, Togo, Trinidad and

Tobago, UK, US, Venezuela

countries that have signed, but not yet ratified - (1) Ireland

Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate

Change

note - abbreviated as Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol

opened for signature - 16 March 1998, but not yet in force

objective - to further reduce greenhouse gas emissions by enhancing

the national programs of developed countries aimed at this goal and by

establishing percentage reduction targets for the developed countries

parties - (21) Antigua and Barbuda, The Bahamas, Bolivia, Cyprus, El

Salvador, Fiji, Georgia, Guatemala, Jamaica, Maldives, Federated

States of Micronesia, Mongolia, Nicaragua, Niue, Palau, Panama,

Paraguay, Trinidad and Tobago, Turkmenistan, Tuvalu, Uzbekistan

countries that have signed, but not yet ratified - (69) Argentina,

Australia, Austria, Belgium, Brazil, Bulgaria, Canada, Chile, China,

Cook Islands, Costa Rica, Croatia, Cuba, Czech Republic, Denmark,

Ecuador, Egypt, Estonia, EU, Finland, France, Germany, Greece,

Honduras, Indonesia, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan, Kazakhstan, South

Korea, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malaysia, Mali,

Malta, Marshall Islands, Mexico, Monaco, Netherlands, New Zealand,

Niger, Norway, Papua New Guinea, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal,

Romania, Russia, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Samoa,

Seychelles, Slovakia, Slovenia, Solomon Islands, Spain, Sweden,

Switzerland, Thailand, Ukraine, UK, US, Uruguay, Vietnam, Zambia

Law of the Sea

see United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (LOS)

Marine Dumping

see Convention on the Prevention of Marine Pollution by Dumping Wastes

and Other Matter (London Convention)

Marine Life Conservation

see Convention on Fishing and Conservation of Living Resources of the

High Seas

Montreal Protocol on Substances That Deplete the Ozone Layer

note - abbreviated as Ozone Layer Protection

opened for signature - 16 September 1987

entered into force - 1 January 1989

objective - to protect the ozone layer by controlling emissions of

substances that deplete it

parties - (172) Albania, Algeria, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina,

Armenia, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, The Bahamas, Bahrain,

Bangladesh, Barbados, Belarus, Belgium, Belize, Benin, Bolivia, Bosnia

and Herzegovina, Botswana, Brazil, Brunei, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso,

Burma, Burundi, Cameroon, Canada, Central African Republic, Chad,

Chile, China, Colombia, Comoros, Democratic Republic of the Congo,

Republic of the Congo, Costa Rica, Cote d'Ivoire, Croatia, Cuba,

Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Djibouti, Dominica, Dominican

Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Estonia, Ethiopia, EU, Fiji,

Finland, France, Gabon, The Gambia, Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Greece,

Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea, Guyana, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, India,

Indonesia, Iran, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan,

Kazakhstan, Kenya, Kiribati, North Korea, South Korea, Kuwait, Laos,

Latvia, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Liechtenstein, Lithuania,

Luxembourg, The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Madagascar,

Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Malta, Marshall Islands, Mauritania,

Mauritius, Mexico, Federated States of Micronesia, Moldova, Monaco,

Mongolia, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Nepal, Netherlands, NZ,

Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Panama, Papua New

Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Romania,

Russia, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the

Grenadines, Samoa, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Seychelles, Singapore,

Slovakia, Slovenia, Solomon Islands, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka,

Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Tajikistan,

Tanzania, Thailand, Togo, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey,

Turkmenistan, Tuvalu, Uganda, Ukraine, UAE, UK, US, Uruguay,

Uzbekistan, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Vietnam, Yemen, former Yugoslavia,

Zambia, Zimbabwe

Nuclear Test Ban

see Treaty Banning Nuclear Weapons Tests in the Atmosphere, in Outer

Space, and Under Water

Ozone Layer Protection

see Montreal Protocol on Substances That Deplete the Ozone Layer

Protocol of 1978 Relating to the International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution From Ships, 1973 (MARPOL) note - abbreviated as Ship Pollution opened for signature - 17 February 1978 entered into force - 2 October 1983 objective - to preserve the marine environment through the complete elimination of pollution by oil and other harmful substances and the minimization of accidental discharge of such substances parties - (109) Algeria, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Australia, Austria, The Bahamas, Barbados, Belarus, Belgium, Belize, Benin, Bolivia, Brazil, Brunei, Bulgaria, Burma, Cambodia, Canada, Chile, China, Colombia, Cote d'Ivoire, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Djibouti, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, Equatorial Guinea, Estonia, Finland, France, Gabon, The Gambia, Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Guatemala, Guyana, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, North Korea, South Korea, Latvia, Lebanon, Liberia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malaysia, Malta, Marshall Islands, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Monaco, Morocco, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Peru, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Sao Tome and Principe, Senegal, Seychelles, Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Suriname, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Togo, Tonga, Tunisia, Turkey, Tuvalu, Ukraine, UK, US, Uruguay, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Vietnam, former Yugoslavia

Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty note - abbreviated as Antarctic-Environmental Protocol opened for signature - 4 October 1991 entered into force - 14 January 1998 objective - to provide for comprehensive protection of the Antarctic environment and dependent and associated ecosystems; applies to the area covered by the Antarctic Treaty parties - (28) Argentina, Australia, Belgium, Brazil, Bulgaria, Chile, China, Ecuador, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, India, Italy, Japan, South Korea, Netherlands, NZ, Norway, Peru, Poland, Russia, South Africa, Spain, Sweden, UK, US, Uruguay countries that have signed, but not yet ratified - (15) Austria, Canada, Colombia, Cuba, Czech Republic, Denmark, Guatemala, Hungary, North Korea, Papua New Guinea, Romania, Slovakia, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine

Protocol to the 1979 Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution Concerning the Control of Emissions of Nitrogen Oxides or Their Transboundary Fluxes note - abbreviated as Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides opened for signature - 31 October 1988 entered into force - 14 February 1991 objective - to provide for the control or reduction of nitrogen oxides and their transboundary fluxes parties - (26) Austria, Belarus, Bulgaria, Canada, Czech Republic, Denmark, EU, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Russia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, UK, US countries that have signed, but not yet ratified - (2) Belgium, Poland

Protocol to the 1979 Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air

Pollution Concerning the Control of Emissions of Volatile Organic

Compounds or Their Transboundary Fluxes

note - abbreviated as Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds

opened for signature - 18 November 1991

entered into force - 29 September 1997

objective - to provide for the control and reduction of emissions of

volatile organic compounds in order to reduce their transboundary

fluxes so as to protect human health and the environment from adverse

effects

parties - (18) Austria, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland,

France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg,

Netherlands, Norway, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, UK

countries that have signed, but not yet ratified - (7) Belgium,

Canada, EU, Greece, Portugal, Ukraine, US

Protocol to the 1979 Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air

Pollution on Further Reduction of Sulphur Emissions

note - abbreviated as Air Pollution-Sulphur 94

opened for signature - 14 June 1994

entered into force - 5 August 1998

objective - to provide for a further reduction in sulfur emissions or

transboundary fluxes

parties - (22) Austria, Canada, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, EU,

Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Liechtenstein,

Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden,

Switzerland, UK

countries that have signed, but not yet ratified - (6) Belgium,

Bulgaria, Hungary, Poland, Russia, Ukraine

Protocol to the 1979 Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air

Pollution on Persistent Organic Pollutants

note - abbreviated as Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants

opened for signature - 24 June 1998, but not yet in force

objective - to provide for the control and reduction of emissions of

persistent organic pollutants in order to reduce their transboundary

fluxes so as to protect human health and the environment from adverse

effects

parties - (2) Canada, Norway

countries that have signed, but not yet ratified - (34) Armenia,

Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark,

EU, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland,

Italy, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Moldova,

Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain,

Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, UK, US

Protocol to the 1979 Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air

Pollution on the Reduction of Sulphur Emissions or Their Transboundary

Fluxes by at Least 30%

note - abbreviated as Air Pollution-Sulphur 85

opened for signature - 8 July 1985

entered into force - 2 September 1987

objective - to provide for a 30% reduction in sulfur emissions or

transboundary fluxes by 1993

parties - (21) Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Bulgaria, Canada, Czech

Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy,

Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Russia, Slovakia,

Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine

Ship Pollution

see Protocol of 1978 Relating to the International Convention for the

Prevention of Pollution From Ships, 1973 (MARPOL)

Treaty Banning Nuclear Weapon Tests in the Atmosphere, in Outer Space,

and Under Water

note - abbreviated as Nuclear Test Ban

opened for signature - 5 August 1963

entered into force - 10 October 1963

objective - to obtain an agreement on general and complete disarmament

under strict international control in accordance with the objectives

of the United Nations; to put an end to the armaments race and

eliminate incentives for the production and testing of all kinds of

weapons, including nuclear weapons

parties - (122) Afghanistan, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Armenia,

Australia, Austria, The Bahamas, Bangladesh, Belarus, Belgium, Benin,

Bhutan, Bolivia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Botswana, Brazil, Bulgaria,

Burma, Canada, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile,

Colombia, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Costa Rica, Cote d'Ivoire,

Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Dominican Republic, Ecuador,

Egypt, El Salvador, Fiji, Finland, Gabon, The Gambia, Germany, Ghana,

Greece, Guatemala, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iran,

Iraq, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kenya, South

Korea, Kuwait, Laos, Lebanon, Liberia, Libya, Luxembourg, Madagascar,

Malawi, Malaysia, Malta, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Mongolia,

Morocco, Nepal, Netherlands, NZ, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Norway,

Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Peru, Philippines, Poland,

Romania, Russia, Rwanda, Samoa, San Marino, Senegal, Seychelles,

Sierra Leone, Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia, South Africa, Spain, Sri

Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria,

Tanzania, Thailand, Togo, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey,

Uganda, Ukraine, UK, US, Uruguay, Venezuela, Yemen, former Yugoslavia,

Zambia

countries that have signed, but not yet ratified - (12) Algeria,

Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, China, Ethiopia, Haiti, Mali,

Paraguay, Portugal, Somalia, Vietnam

Tropical Timber 83

see International Tropical Timber Agreement, 1983

Tropical Timber 94

see International Tropical Timber Agreement, 1994

United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (LOS)

note - abbreviated as Law of the Sea

opened for signature - 10 December 1982

entered into force - 16 November 1994

objective - to set up a comprehensive new legal regime for the sea and

oceans; to include rules concerning environmental standards as well as

enforcement provisions dealing with pollution of the marine

environment

parties - (132) Algeria, Angola, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina,

Australia, Austria, The Bahamas, Bahrain, Barbados, Belgium, Belize,

Benin, Bolivia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Botswana, Brazil, Brunei,

Bulgaria, Burma, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Chile, China, Comoros,

Democratic Republic of the Congo, Cook Islands, Costa Rica, Cote

d'Ivoire, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Djibouti, Dominica,

Egypt, Equatorial Guinea, EU, Fiji, Finland, France, Gabon, The

Gambia, Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea,

Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Iceland, India, Indonesia,

Iraq, Ireland, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kenya, South Korea,

Kuwait, Laos, Lebanon, The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia,

Malaysia, Mali, Malta, Marshall Islands, Mauritania, Mauritius,

Mexico, Federated States of Micronesia, Monaco, Mongolia, Mozambique,

Namibia, Nauru, Nepal, Netherlands, NZ, Nigeria, Norway, Oman,

Pakistan, Palau, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Philippines,

Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia,

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Samoa, Sao Tome and Principe, Saudi

Arabia, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Slovakia,

Slovenia, Solomon Islands, Somalia, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka,

Sudan, Suriname, Sweden, Tanzania, Togo, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago,

Tunisia, Uganda, Ukraine, UK, Uruguay, Vanuatu, Vietnam, Yemen, former

Yugoslavia, Zambia, Zimbabwe

countries that have signed, but not yet ratified - (38) Afghanistan,

Bangladesh, Belarus, Bhutan, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cambodia, Canada,

Central African Republic, Chad, Colombia, Republic of the Congo,

Denmark, Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Ethiopia, Hungary, Iran,

North Korea, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg,

Madagascar, Malawi, Maldives, Morocco, Nicaragua, Niger, Niue, Qatar,

Rwanda, Swaziland, Switzerland, Thailand, Tuvalu, UAE

United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification in Those Countries

Experiencing Serious Drought and/or Desertification, Particularly in

Africa

note - abbreviated as Desertification

opened for signature - 14 October 1994

entered into force - 26 December 1996

objective - to combat desertification and mitigate the effects of

drought through national action programs that incorporate long-term

strategies supported by international cooperation and partnership

arrangements

parties - (159) Afghanistan, Algeria, Angola, Antigua and Barbuda,

Argentina, Armenia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Bahrain, Bangladesh,

Barbados, Belgium, Belize, Benin, Bolivia, Botswana, Brazil, Burkina

Faso, Burma, Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada, Cape Verde, Central

African Republic, Chad, Chile, China, Colombia, Comoros, Democratic

Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Congo, Cook Islands, Costa

Rica, Cote d'Ivoire, Cuba, Denmark, Djibouti, Dominica, Dominican

Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea,

Ethiopia, EU, Fiji, Finland, France, Gabon, The Gambia, Georgia,

Germany, Ghana, Greece, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau,

Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iran,

Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kenya,

Kiribati, South Korea, Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Lebanon, Lesotho,

Liberia, Libya, Luxembourg, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Mali, Malta,

Marshall Islands, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Federated States of

Micronesia, Moldova, Monaco, Mongolia, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia,

Nauru, Nepal, Netherlands, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Niue, Norway,

Oman, Pakistan, Palau, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Portugal, Qatar,

Romania, Rwanda, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and

the Grenadines, Samoa, San Marino, Sao Tome and Principe, Saudi

Arabia, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Solomon Islands,

South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Swaziland, Sweden, Switzerland,

Syria, Tajikistan, Tanzania, Togo, Tonga, Tunisia, Turkey,

Turkmenistan, Tuvalu, Uganda, United Arab Emirates, UK, Uruguay,

Uzbekistan, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Vietnam, Yemen, Zambia, Zimbabwe

countries that have signed, but not yet ratified - (4) Australia,

Croatia, Philippines, US

United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change

note - abbreviated as Climate Change

opened for signature - 9 May 1992

entered into force - 21 March 1994

objective - to achieve stabilization of greenhouse gas concentrations

in the atmosphere at a low enough level to prevent dangerous

anthropogenic interference with the climate system

parties - (181) Albania, Algeria, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina,

Armenia, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, The Bahamas, Bahrain,

Bangladesh, Barbados, Belgium, Belize, Benin, Bhutan, Bolivia,

Botswana, Brazil, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Burma, Burundi, Cambodia,

Cameroon, Canada, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile,

China, Colombia, Comoros, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic

of the Congo, Cook Islands, Costa Rica, Cote d'Ivoire, Croatia, Cuba,

Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Djibouti, Dominica, Dominican

Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Eritrea, Estonia, Ethiopia, EU,

Fiji, Finland, France, Gabon, The Gambia, Georgia, Germany, Ghana,

Greece, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti,

Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iran, Ireland, Israel,

Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, Kiribati, North

Korea, South Korea, Kuwait, Laos, Latvia, Lebanon, Lesotho, Libya,

Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, The Former Yugoslav Republic of

Macedonia, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Malta,

Marshall Islands, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Federated States of

Micronesia, Moldova, Monaco, Mongolia, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia,

Nauru, Nepal, Netherlands, NZ, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Niue,

Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Palau, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay,

Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Russia, Rwanda,

Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines,

Samoa, San Marino, Sao Tome and Principe, Saudi Arabia, Senegal,

Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia, Solomon

Islands, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland,

Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Tajikistan, Tanzania, Thailand, Togo,

Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkmenistan, Tuvalu, Uganda,

Ukraine, UAE, UK, US, Uruguay, Uzbekistan, Vanuatu, Venezuela,

Vietnam, Yemen, former Yugoslavia, Zambia, Zimbabwe

countries that have signed, but not yet ratified - (4) Afghanistan,

Angola, Belarus, Liberia

Wetlands

see Convention on Wetlands of International Importance Especially As

Waterfowl Habitat (Ramsar)

Whaling

see International Convention for the Regulation of Whaling

______________________________________________________________________

@Appendix E: Weights and Measures

Mathematical Notation

Mathematical Power Name 10^18 or 1,000,000,000,000,000,000 one quintillion 10^15 or 1,000,000,000,000,000 one quadrillion 10^12 or 1,000,000,000,000 one trillion 10^9 or 1,000,000,000 one billion 10^6 or 1,000,000 one million 10^3 or 1,000 one thousand 10^2 or 100 one hundred 10^1 or 10 ten 10^0 or 1 one 10-^1 or 0.1 one-tenth 10-^2 or 0.01 one-hundredth 10-^3 or 0.001 one-thousandth 10-^6 or 0.000 001 one-millionth 10-^9 or 0.000 000 001 one-billionth 10-^12 or 0.000 000 000 001 one-trillionth 10-^15 or 0.000 000 000 000 001 one-quadrillionth 10-^18 or 0.000 000 000 000 000 001 one-quintillionth

Metric Interrelationships

Prefix Symbol Length, weight, or capacity Area Volume exa E 10^18 10^36 10^54 peta P 10^15 10^30 10^45 tera T 10^12 10^24 10^36 giga G 10^9 10^18 10^27 mega M 10^6 10^12 10^18 hectokilo hk 10^5 10^10 10^15 myria ma 10^4 10^8 10^12 kilo k 10^3 10^6 10^9 hecto h 10^2 10^4 10^6 basic unit - 1 meter, 1 gram, 1 liter 1 meter^2 1 meter^3 deci d 10-^1 10-^2 10-^3 centi c 10-^2 10-^4 10-^6 milli m 10-^3 10-^6 10-^9 decimilli dm 10-^4 10-^8 10-^12 centimilli cm 10-^5 10-^10 10-^15 micro u 10-^6 10-^12 10-^18 nano n 10-^9 10-^18 10-^27 pico p 10-^12 10-^24 10-^36 femto f 10-^15 10-^30 10-^45 atto a 10-^18 10-^36 10-^54

Conversion Factors

To Convert From To Multiply By acres ares 40.468 564 224 acres hectares 0.404 685 642 24 acres square feet 43,560 acres square kilometers 0.004 046 856 422 4 acres square meters 4,046.856 422 4 acres square miles (statute) 0.001 562 50 acres square yards 4,840 ares square meters 100 ares square yards 119.599 barrels, US beer gallons 31 barrels, US beer liters 117.347 77 barrels, US petroleum gallons (British) 34.97 barrels, US petroleum gallons (US) 42 barrels, US petroleum liters 158.987 29 barrels, US proof spirits gallons 40 barrels, US proof spirits liters 151.416 47 bushels (US) bushels (British) 0.968 9 bushels (US) cubic feet 1.244 456 bushels (US) cubic inches 2,150.42 bushels (US) cubic meters 0.035 239 07 bushels (US) cubic yards 0.046 090 96 bushels (US) dekaliters 3.523 907 bushels (US) dry pints 64 bushels (US) dry quarts 32 bushels (US) liters 35.239 070 17 bushels (US) pecks 4 cables fathoms 120 cables meters 219.456 cables yards 240 carat milligrams 200 centimeters feet 0.032 808 40 centimeters inches 0.393 700 8 centimeters meters 0.01 centimeters yards 0.010 936 13 centimeters, cubic cubic inches 0.061 023 744 centimeters, square square feet 0.001 076 39 centimeters, square square inches 0.155 000 31 centimeters, square square meters 0.000 1 centimeters, square square yards 0.000 119 599 chains, square surveyor's ares 4.046 86 chains, square surveyor's square feet 4,356 chains, surveyor's feet 66 chains, surveyor's meters 20.116 8 chains, surveyor's rods 4 cords of wood cubic feet 128 cords of wood cubic meters 3.624 556 cords of wood cubic yards 4.740 7 cups liquid ounces (US) 8 cups liters 0.236 588 2 degrees Celsius degrees Fahrenheit multiply by 1.8 and add 32 degrees Fahrenheit degrees Celsius subtract 32 and divide by 1.8 dekaliters bushels 0.283 775 9 dekaliters cubic feet 0.353 146 7 dekaliters cubic inches 610.237 4 dekaliters dry pints 18.161 66 dekaliters dry quarts 9.080 829 8 dekaliters liters 10 dekaliters pecks 1.135 104 drams, avoirdupois avoirdupois ounces 0.062 55 drams, avoirdupois grains 27.344 drams, avoirdupois grams 1.771 845 2 drams, troy grains 60 drams, troy grams 3.887 934 6 drams, troy scruples 3 drams, troy troy ounces 0.125 drams, liquid (US) cubic inches 0.226 drams, liquid (US) liquid drams (British) 1.041 drams, liquid (US) liquid ounces 0.125 drams, liquid (US) milliliters 3.696 69 drams, liquid (US) minims 60 fathoms feet 6 fathoms meters 1.828 8 feet centimeters 30.48 feet inches 12 feet kilometers 0.000 304 8 feet meters 0.304 8 feet statute miles 0.000 189 39 feet yards 0.333 333 3 feet, cubic bushels 0.803 563 95 feet, cubic cubic decimeters 28.316 847 feet, cubic cubic inches 1,728 feet, cubic cubic meters 0.028 316 846 592 feet, cubic cubic yards 0.037 037 04 feet, cubic dry pints 51.428 09 feet, cubic dry quarts 25.714 05 feet, cubic gallons 7.480 519 feet, cubic gills 239.376 6 feet, cubic liquid ounces 957.506 5 feet, cubic liquid pints 59.844 16 feet, cubic liquid quarts 29.922 08 feet, cubic liters 28.316 846 592 feet, cubic pecks 3.214 256 feet, square acres 0.000 022 956 8 feet, square square centimeters 929.030 4 feet, square square decimeters 9.290 304 feet, square square inches 144 feet, square square meters 0.092 903 04 feet, square square yards 0.111 111 1 furlongs feet 660 furlongs inches 7,920 furlongs meters 201.168 furlongs statute miles 0.125 furlongs yards 220 gallons, liquid (US) cubic feet 0.133 680 6 gallons, liquid (US) cubic inches 231 gallons, liquid (US) cubic meters 0.003 785 411 784 gallons, liquid (US) cubic yards 0.004 951 13 gallons, liquid (US) gills (US) 32 gallons, liquid (US) liquid gallons (British) 0.832 67 gallons, liquid (US) liquid ounces 128 gallons, liquid (US) liquid pints 8 gallons, liquid (US) liquid quarts 4 gallons, liquid (US) liters 3.785 411 784 gallons, liquid (US) milliliters 3,785.411 784 gallons, liquid (US) minims 61,440 gills (US) centiliters 11.829 4 gills (US) cubic feet 0.004 177 517 gills (US) cubic inches 7.218 75 gills (US) gallons 0.031 25 gills (US) gills (British) 0.832 67 gills (US) liquid ounces 4 gills (US) liquid pints 0.25 gills (US) liquid quarts 0.125 gills (US) liters 0.118 294 118 25 gills (US) milliliters 118.294 118 25 gills (US) minims 1,920 grains avoirdupois drams 0.036 571 43 grains avoirdupois ounces 0.002 285 71 grains avoirdupois pounds 0.000 142 86 grains grams 0.064 798 91 grains kilograms 0.000 064 798 91 grains milligrams 64.798 910 grains pennyweights 0.042 grains scruples 0.05 grains troy drams 0.016 6 grains troy ounces 0.002 083 33 grains troy pounds 0.000 173 61 grams avoirdupois drams 0.564 383 39 grams avoirdupois ounces 0.035 273 961 grams avoirdupois pounds 0.002 204 622 6 grams grains 15.432 361 grams kilograms 0.001 grams milligrams 1,000 grams troy ounces 0.032 150 746 6 grams troy pounds 0.002 679 23 hands (height of horse) centimeters 10.16 hands (height of horse) inches 4 hectares acres 2.471 053 8 hectares square feet 107,639.1 hectares square kilometers 0.01 hectares square meters 10,000 hectares square miles 0.003 861 02 hectares square yards 11,959.90 hundredweights, long avoirdupois pounds 112 hundredweights, long kilograms 50.802 345 hundredweights, long long tons 0.05 hundredweights, long metric tons 0.050 802 345 hundredweights, long short tons 0.056 hundredweights, short avoirdupois pounds 100 hundredweights, short kilograms 45.359 237 hundredweights, short long tons 0.044 642 86 hundredweights, short metric tons 0.045 359 237 hundredweights, short short tons 0.05 inches centimeters 2.54 inches feet 0.083 333 33 inches meters 0.025 4 inches millimeters 25.4 inches yards 0.027 777 78 inches, cubic bushels 0.000 465 025 inches, cubic cubic centimeters 16.387 064 inches, cubic cubic feet 0.000 578 703 7 inches, cubic cubic meters 0.000 016 387 064 inches, cubic cubic yards 0.000 021 433 47 inches, cubic dry pints 0.029 761 6 inches, cubic dry quarts 0.014 880 8 inches, cubic gallons 0.004 329 0 inches, cubic gills 0.138 528 1 inches, cubic liquid ounces 0.554 112 6 inches, cubic liquid pints 0.034 632 03 inches, cubic liquid quarts 0.017 316 02 inches, cubic liters 0.016 387 064 inches, cubic milliliters 16.387 064 inches, cubic minims (US) 265.974 0 inches, cubic pecks 0.001 860 10 inches, square square centimeters 6.451 600 inches, square square feet 0.006 944 44 inches, square square meters 0.000 645 16 inches, square square yards 0.000 771 605 kilograms avoirdupois drams 564.383 4 kilograms avoirdupois ounces 35.273 962 kilograms avoirdupois pounds 2.204 622 622 kilograms grains 15,432.36 kilograms grams 1,000 kilograms long tons 0.000 984 2 kilograms metric tons 0.001 kilograms short hundredweights 0.022 046 23 kilograms short tons 0.001 102 31 kilograms troy ounces 32.150 75 kilograms troy pounds 2.679 229 kilometers meters 1,000 kilometers statute miles 0.621 371 192 kilometers, square acres 247.105 38 kilometers, square hectares 100 kilometers, square square meters 1,000,000 kilometers, square statute miles 0.386 102 16 knots (nautical mi/hr) kilometers/hour 1.852 knots (nautical mi/hr) statute miles/hour 1.151 leagues, nautical kilometers 5.556 leagues, nautical nautical miles 3 leagues, statute kilometers 4.828 032 leagues, statute statute miles 3 links, square surveyor's square centimeters 404.686 links, square surveyor's square inches 62.726 4 links, surveyor's centimeters 20.116 8 links, surveyor's chains 0.01 links, surveyor's inches 7.92 liters bushels 0.028 377 59 liters cubic feet 0.035 314 67 liters cubic inches 61.023 74 liters cubic meters 0.001 liters cubic yards 0.001 307 95 liters dekaliters 0.1 liters dry pints 1.816 166 liters dry quarts 0.908 082 98 liters gallons 0.264 172 052 liters gills (US) 8.453 506 liters liquid ounces 33.814 02 liters liquid pints 2.113 376 liters liquid quarts 1.056 688 2 liters milliliters 1,000 liters pecks 0.113 510 4 meters centimeters 100 meters feet 3.280 839 895 meters inches 39.370 079 meters kilometers 0.001 meters millimeters 1,000 meters statute miles 0.000 621 371 meters yards 1.093 613 298 meters, cubic bushels 28.377 59 meters, cubic cubic feet 35.314 666 7 meters, cubic cubic inches 61,023.744 meters, cubic cubic yards 1.307 950 619 meters, cubic gallons 264.172 05 meters, cubic liters 1,000 meters, cubic pecks 113.510 4 meters, square acres 0.000 247 105 38 meters, square hectares 0.000 1 meters, square square centimeters 10,000 meters, square square feet 10.763 910 4 meters, square square inches 1,550.003 1 meters, square square yards 1.195 990 046 microns meters 0.000 001 microns inches 0.000 039 4 mils inches 0.001 mils millimeters 0.025 4 miles, nautical kilometers 1.852 0 miles, nautical statute miles 1.150 779 4 miles, statute centimeters 160,934.4 miles, statute feet 5,280 miles, statute furlongs 8 miles, statute inches 63,360 miles, statute kilometers 1.609 344 miles, statute meters 1,609.344 miles, statute rods 320 miles, statute yards 1,760 miles, square nautical square kilometers 3.429 904 miles, square nautical square statute miles 1.325 miles, square statute acres 640 miles, square statute hectares 258.998 811 033 6 miles, square statute sections 1 miles, square statute square kilometers 2.589 988 110 336 miles, square statute square nautical miles 0.755 miles miles, square statute square rods 102,400 milligrams grains 0.015 432 358 35 milliliters cubic inches 0.061 023 744 milliliters gallons 0.000 264 17 milliliters gills (US) 0.008 453 5 milliliters liquid ounces 0.033 814 02 milliliters liquid pints 0.002 113 4 milliliters liquid quarts 0.001 056 7 milliliters liters 0.001 milliliters minims 16.230 73 millimeters inches 0.039 370 078 7 minims (US) cubic inches 0.003 759 77 minims (US) gills (US) 0.000 520 83 minims (US) liquid ounces 0.002 083 33 minims (US) milliliters 0.061 611 52 minims (US) minims (British) 1.041 ounces, avoirdupois avoirdupois drams 16 ounces, avoirdupois avoirdupois pounds 0.062 5 ounces, avoirdupois grains 437.5 ounces, avoirdupois grams 28.349 523 125 ounces, avoirdupois kilograms 0.028 349 523 125 ounces, avoirdupois troy ounces 0.911 458 3 ounces, avoirdupois troy pounds 0.075 954 86 ounces, liquid (US) cubic feet 0.001 044 38 ounces, liquid (US) centiliters 2.957 35 ounces, liquid (US) cubic inches 1.804 687 5 ounces, liquid (US) gallons 0.007 812 5 ounces, liquid (US) gills (US) 0.25 ounces, liquid (US) liquid drams 8 ounces, liquid (US) liquid ounces (British) 1.041 ounces, liquid (US) liquid pints 0.062 5 ounces, liquid (US) liquid quarts 0.031 25 ounces, liquid (US) liters 0.029 573 53 ounces, liquid (US) milliliters 29.573 529 6 ounces, liquid (US) minims 480 ounces, troy avoirdupois drams 17.554 29 ounces, troy avoirdupois ounces 1.097 143 ounces, troy avoirdupois pounds 0.068 571 43 ounces, troy grains 480 ounces, troy grams 31.103 476 8 ounces, troy pennyweights 20 ounces, troy troy drams 8 ounces, troy troy pounds 0.083 333 3 paces (US) centimeters 76.2 paces (US) inches 30 pecks (US) bushels 0.25 pecks (US) cubic feet 0.311 114 pecks (US) cubic inches 537.605 pecks (US) cubic meters 0.008 809 77 pecks (US) cubic yards 0.011 522 74 pecks (US) dekaliters 0.880 976 75 pecks (US) dry pints 16 pecks (US) dry quarts 8 pecks (US) liters 8.809 767 5 pecks (US) pecks (British) 0.968 9 pennyweights grains 24 pennyweights grams 1.555 173 84 pennyweights troy ounces 0.05 pints, dry (US) bushels 0.015 625 pints, dry (US) cubic feet 0.019 444 63 pints, dry (US) cubic inches 33.600 312 5 pints, dry (US) dekaliters 0.055 061 05 pints, dry (US) dry pints (British) 0.968 9 pints, dry (US) dry quarts 0.5 pints, dry (US) liters 0.550 610 47 pints, liquid (US) cubic feet 0.016 710 07 pints, liquid (US) cubic inches 28.875 pints, liquid (US) deciliters 4.731 76 pints, liquid (US) gallons 0.125 pints, liquid (US) gills (US) 4 pints, liquid (US) liquid ounces 16 pints, liquid (US) liquid pints (British) 0.832 67 pints, liquid (US) liquid quarts 0.5 pints, liquid (US) liters 0.473 176 473 pints, liquid (US) milliliters 473.176 473 pints, liquid (US) minims 7,680 points (typographical) inches 0.013 837 points (typographical) millimeters 0.351 459 8 pounds, avoirdupois avoirdupois drams 256 pounds, avoirdupois avoirdupois ounces 16 pounds, avoirdupois grains 7,000 pounds, avoirdupois grams 453.592 37 pounds, avoirdupois kilograms 0.453 592 37 pounds, avoirdupois long tons 0.000 446 428 6 pounds, avoirdupois metric tons 0.000 453 592 37 pounds, avoirdupois quintals 0.004 535 92 pounds, avoirdupois short tons 0.000 5 pounds, avoirdupois troy ounces 14.583 33 pounds, avoirdupois troy pounds 1.215 278 pounds, troy avoirdupois drams 210.651 4 pounds, troy avoirdupois ounces 13.165 71 pounds, troy avoirdupois pounds 0.822 857 1 pounds, troy grains 5,760 pounds, troy grams 373.241 721 6 pounds, troy kilograms 0.373 241 721 6 pounds, troy pennyweights 240 pounds, troy troy ounces 12 quarts, dry (US) bushels 0.031 25 quarts, dry (US) cubic feet 0.038 889 25 quarts, dry (US) cubic inches 67.200 625 quarts, dry (US) dekaliters 0.110 122 1 quarts, dry (US) dry pints 2 quarts, dry (US) dry quarts (British) 0.968 9 quarts, dry (US) liters 1.101 221 quarts, dry (US) pecks 0.125 quarts, dry (US) pints, dry (US) 2 quarts, liquid (US) cubic feet 0.033 420 14 quarts, liquid (US) cubic inches 57.75 quarts, liquid (US) deciliters 9.463 53 quarts, liquid (US) gallons 0.25 quarts, liquid (US) gills (US) 8 quarts, liquid (US) liquid ounces 32 quarts, liquid (US) liquid pints (US) 2 quarts, liquid (US) liquid quarts (British) 0.832 67 quarts, liquid (US) liters 0.946 352 946 quarts, liquid (US) milliliters 946.352 946 quarts, liquid (US) minims 15,360 quintals avoirdupois pounds 220.462 26 quintals kilograms 100 quintals metric tons 0.1 rods feet 16.5 rods meters 5.029 2 rods yards 5.5 rods, square acres 0.006 25 rods, square square meters 25.292 85 rods, square square yards 30.25 scruples grains 20 scruples grams 1.295 978 2 scruples troy drams 0.333 sections (US) square kilometers 2.589 988 1 sections (US) square statute miles 1 spans centimeters 22.86 spans inches 9 steres cubic meters 1 steres cubic yards 1.307 95 tablespoons milliliters 14.786 76 tablespoons teaspoons 3 teaspoons milliliters 4.928 922 teaspoons tablespoons 0.333 333 ton-miles, long metric ton-kilometers 1.635 169 ton-miles, short metric ton-kilometers 1.459 972 tons, gross register cubic feet of permanently enclosed space 100 tons, gross register cubic meters of permanently enclosed space 2.831 684 7 tons, long (deadweight) avoirdupois ounces 35,840 tons, long (deadweight) avoirdupois pounds 2,240 tons, long (deadweight) kilograms 1,016.046 909 8 tons, long (deadweight) long hundredweights 20 tons, long (deadweight) metric tons 1.016 046 908 8 tons, long (deadweight) short hundredweights 22.4 tons, long (deadweight) short tons 1.12 tons, metric avoirdupois pounds 2,204.623 tons, metric kilograms 1,000 tons, metric long hundredweights 19.684 130 3 tons, metric long tons 0.984 206 5 tons, metric quintals 10 tons, metric short hundredweights 22.046 23 tons, metric short tons 1.102 311 3 tons, metric troy ounces 32,150.75 tons, net register cubic feet of permanently enclosed space for cargo and passengers 100 tons, net register cubic meters of permanently enclosed space for cargo and passengers 2.831 684 7 tons, shipping cubic feet of permanently enclosed cargo space 42 tons, shipping cubic meters of permanently enclosed cargo space 1.189 307 574 tons, short avoirdupois pounds 2,000 tons, short kilograms 907.184 74 tons, short long hundredweights 17.857 14 tons, short long tons 0.892 857 1 tons, short metric tons 0.907 184 74 tons, short short hundredweights 20 townships (US) sections 36 townships (US) square kilometers 93.239 572 townships (US) square statute miles 36 miles, square statute acres 640 miles, square statute hectares 258.998 811 033 6 miles, square statute square feet 27,878,400 miles, square statute square meters 2,589,988.110 336 miles, square statute square yards 3,097,600 yards centimeters 91.44 yards feet 3 yards inches 36 yards meters 0.914 4 yards miles 0.000 568 18 yards, cubic bushels 21.696 227 yards, cubic cubic feet 27 yards, cubic cubic inches 46,656 yards, cubic cubic meters 0.764 554 857 984 yards, cubic gallons 201.974 0 yards, cubic liters 764.554 857 984 yards, cubic pecks 86.784 91 yards, square acres 0.000 206 611 6 yards, square hectares 0.000 083 612 736 yards, square square centimeters 8,361.273 6 yards, square square feet 9 yards, square square inches 1,296 yards, square square meters 0.836 127 36 yards, square square miles 0.000 000 322 830 6 _________________________________________________________________

Note: At this time, only three countries - Burma, Liberia, and the US - have not adopted the International System of Units (SI, or metric system) as their official system of weights and measures. Although use of the metric system has been sanctioned by law in the US since 1866, it has been slow in displacing the American adaptation of the British Imperial System known as the US Customary System. The US is the only industrialized nation that does not mainly use the metric system in its commercial and standards activities, but there is increasing acceptance in science, medicine, government, and many sectors of industry.

______________________________________________________________________

@Appendix F: Cross-Reference List of Country Data Codes

FIPS 10-4: Countries, Dependencies, Areas of Special Sovereignty, and Their Principal Administrative Divisions (FIPS PUB 10-4) is maintained by the Office of the Geographer and Global Issues (Department of State) and published by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (Department of Commerce). These two-character alphabetic codes are included in the text of the Factbook in the Data code entry under the Government category. FIPS 10-4 codes are intended for general use throughout the US Government, especially in activities associated with the mission of the Department of State and national defense programs.

ISO 3166: Codes for the Representation of Names of Countries (ISO 3166) is prepared by the International Organization for Standardization. ISO 3166 includes two- and three-character alphabetic codes and three-digit numeric codes that may be needed for activities involving exchange of data with international organizations that have adopted that standard. Except for the numeric codes, ISO 3166 codes have been adopted in the US as FIPS 104-1: American National Standard Codes for the Representation of Names of Countries, Dependencies, and Areas of Special Sovereignty for Information Interchange.

Internet: This is a provisional compilation that generally agrees with the ISO 3166 two-character alphabetic codes.

Entity FIPS 10-4 ISO 3166 Internet Comment

Afghanistan AF AF AFG 004 AF

Albania AL AL ALB 008 AL

Algeria AG DZ DZA 012 DZ

American Samoa AQ AS ASM 016AS

Andorra AN AD AND 020 AD

Angola AO AO AGO 024 AO

Anguilla AV AI AIA 660 AI

Antarctica AY AQ ATA 010 AQ ISO defines as the territory south of 60

degrees south latitude

Antigua and Barbuda AC AG ATG 028 AG

Argentina AR AR ARG 032 AR

Armenia AM AM ARM 051 AM

Aruba AA AW ABW 533 AW

Ashmore and Cartier Islands AT - - - - ISO includes with Australia

Australia AS AU AUS 036 AU ISO includes Ashmore and Cartier

Austria AU AT AUT 040 AT

Azerbaijan AJ AZ AZE 031 AZ

The Bahamas BF BS BHS 044 BS

Bahrain BA BH BHR 048 BH

Baker Island FQ - - - - ISO includes with the US Minor Outlying Islands

Bangladesh BG BD BGD 050 BD

Barbados BB BB BRB 052 BB

Bassas da India BS - - - - ISO includes with the Miscellaneous

(French) Indian Ocean Islands

Belarus BO BY BLR 112 BY

Belgium BE BE BEL 056 BE

Belize BH BZ BLZ 084 BZ

Benin BN BJ BEN 204 BJ

Bermuda BD BM BMU 060 BM

Bhutan BT BT BTN 064 BT

Bolivia BL BO BOL 068 BO

Bosnia and Herzegovina BK BA BIH 070 BA

Botswana BC BW BWA 072 BW

Bouvet Island BV BV BVT 074 BV

Brazil BR BR BRA 076 BR

British Indian Ocean Territory IO IO IOT 086 IO

British Virgin Islands VI VG VGB 092 VG

Brunei BX BN BRN 096 BN

Bulgaria BU BG BGR 100 BG

Burkina Faso UV BF BFA 854 BF

Burma BM MM MMR 104 MM ISO uses the name Myanmar

Burundi BY BI BDI 108 BI

Cambodia CB KH KHM 116 KH

Cameroon CM CM CMR 120 CM

Canada CA CA CAN 124 CA

Cape Verde CV CV CPV 132 CV

Cayman Islands CJ KY CYM 136 KY

Central African Republic CT CF CAF 140 CF

Chad CD TD TCD 148 TD

Chile CI CL CHL 152 CL

China CH CN CHN 156 CN see also Taiwan

Christmas Island KT CX CXR 162 CX

Clipperton Island IP - - - - ISO includes with French Polynesia

Cocos (Keeling) Islands CK CC CCK 166 CC

Colombia CO CO COL 170 CO

Comoros CN KM COM 174 KM

Congo, Democratic Republic of the CG ZR ZAR 180 ZR formerly Zaire

Congo, Republic of the CF CG COG 178 CG

Cook Islands CW CK COK 184 CK

Coral Sea Islands CR - - - - ISO includes with Australia

Costa Rica CS CR CRI 188 CR

Cote d'Ivoire IV CI CIV 384 CI

Croatia HR HR HRV 191 HR

Cuba CU CU CUB 192 CU

Cyprus CY CY CYP 196 CY

Czech Republic EZ CZ CZE 203 CZ

Denmark DA DK DNK 208 DK

Djibouti DJ DJ DJI 262 DJ

Dominica DO DM DMA 212 DM

Dominican Republic DR DO DOM 214 DO

East Timor - TP TMP 626 TP FIPS includes with Indonesia

Ecuador EC EC ECU 218 EC

Egypt EG EG EGY 818 EG

El Salvador ES SV SLV 222 SV

Equatorial Guinea EK GQ GNQ 226 GQ

Eritrea ER ER ERI 232 ER

Estonia EN EE EST 233 EE

Ethiopia ET ET ETH 231 ET

Europa Island EU - - - - ISO includes with the Miscellaneous

Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) FA FK FLK 238 FK

Faroe Islands FO FO FRO 234 FO

Fiji FJ FJ FJI 242 FJ

Finland FI FI FIN 246 FI

France FR FR FRA 250 FR

France, Metropolitan - FX FXX 249 FX ISO limits to the European part

of France, excluding French Guiana, French Polynesia, French Southern

and Antarctic Lands, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Mayotte, New Caledonia,

Reunion, Saint Pierre and Miquelon, Wallis and Futuna

French Guiana FG GF GUF 254 GF

French Polynesia FP PF PYF 258 PF ISO includes Clipperton Island

French Southern and Antarctic Lands FS TF ATF 260 - FIPS 10-4 does

not include the French-claimed portion of Antarctica (Terre Adelie)

Gabon GB GA GAB 266 GA

The Gambia GA GM GMB 270 GM

Gaza Strip GZ - - - -

Georgia GG GE GEO 268 GE

Germany GM DE DEU 276 DE

Ghana GH GH GHA 288 GH

Gibraltar GI GI GIB 292 GI

Glorioso Islands GO - - - - ISO includes with the Miscellaneous

(French) Indian Ocean Islands

Greece GR GR GRC 300 GR

Greenland GL GL GRL 304 GL

Grenada GJ GD GRD 308 GD

Guadeloupe GP GP GLP 312 GP

Guam GQ GU GUM 316 GU

Guatemala GT GT GTM 320 GT

Guernsey GK - - - - ISO includes with the United Kingdom

Guinea GV GN GIN 324 GN

Guinea-Bissau PU GW GNB 624 GW

Guyana GY GY GUY 328 GY

Haiti HA HT HTI 332 HT

Heard Island and McDonald Islands HM HM HMD 334 HM

Holy See (Vatican City) VT VA VAT 336 VA

Honduras HO HN HND 340 HN

Hong Kong HK HK HKG 344 HK

Howland Island HQ - - - - ISO includes with the US Minor Outlying

Islands

Hungary HU HU HUN 348 HU

Iceland IC IS ISL 352 IS

India IN IN IND 356 IN

Indonesia ID ID IDN 360 ID

Iran IR IR IRN 364 IR

Iraq IZ IQ IRQ 368 IQ

Ireland EI IE IRL 372 IE

Israel IS IL ISR 376 IL

Italy IT IT ITA 380 IT

Jamaica JM JM JAM 388 JM

Jan Mayen JN - - - - ISO includes with Svalbard

Japan JA JP JPN 392 JP

Jarvis Island DQ - - - - ISO includes with the US Minor Outlying

Islands

Jersey JE - - - - ISO includes with the United Kingdom

Johnston Atoll JQ - - - - ISO includes with the US Minor Outlying

Islands

Jordan JO JO JOR 400 JO

Juan de Nova Island JU - - - - ISO includes with the Miscellaneous

(French) Indian Ocean Islands

Kazakhstan KZ KZ KAZ 398 KZ

Kenya KE KE KEN 404 KE

Kingman Reef KQ - - - - ISO includes with the US Minor Outlying

Islands

Kiribati KR KI KIR 296 KI

Korea, North KN KP PRK 408 KP

Korea, South KS KR KOR 410 KR

Kuwait KU KW KWT 414 KW

Kyrgyzstan KG KG KGZ 417 KG

Laos LA LA LAO 418 LA

Latvia LG LV LVA 428 LV

Lebanon LE LB LBN 422 LB

Lesotho LT LS LSO 426 LS

Liberia LI LR LBR 430 LR

Libya LY LY LBY 434 LY

Liechtenstein LS LI LIE 438 LI

Lithuania LH LT LTU 440 LT

Luxembourg LU LU LUX 442 LU

Macau MC MO MAC 446 MO

Macedonia, The Republic of MK MK MKD 807 MK

Madagascar MA MG MDG 450 MG

Malawi MI MW MWI 454 MW

Malaysia MY MY MYS 458 MY

Maldives MV MV MDV 462 MV

Mali ML ML MLI 466 ML

Malta MT MT MLT 470 MT

Man, Isle of IM - - - - ISO includes with the United Kingdom

Marshall Islands RM MH MHL 584 MH

Martinique MB MQ MTQ 474 MQ

Mauritania MR MR MRT 478 MR

Mauritius MP MU MUS 480 MU

Mayotte MF YT MYT 175 YT

Mexico MX MX MEX 484 MX

Micronesia, Federated States of FM FM FSM 583 FM

Midway Islands MQ - - - - ISO includes with the US Minor Outlying

Islands

Miscellaneous (French) - - - - ISO includes Bassas da India,

Europa Island, Glorioso Islands, Juan de Nova Island, Tromelin Island

Moldova MD MD MDA 498 MD

Monaco MN MC MCO 492 MC

Mongolia MG MN MNG 496 MN

Montenegro* MW - - - - see footnote at end of table

Montserrat MH MS MSR 500 MS

Morocco MO MA MAR 504 MA

Mozambique MZ MZ MOZ 508 MZ

Myanmar - - - - - see Burma

Namibia WA NA NAM 516 NA

Nauru NR NR NRU 520 NR

Navassa Island BQ - - - -

Nepal NP NP NPL 524 NP

Netherlands NL NL NLD 528 NL

Netherlands Antilles NT AN ANT 530 AN

New Caledonia NC NC NCL 540 NC

New Zealand NZ NZ NZL 554 NZ

Nicaragua NU NI NIC 558 NI

Niger NG NE NER 562 NE

Nigeria NI NG NGA 566 NG

Niue NE NU NIU 570 NU

Norfolk Island NF NF NFK 574 NF

Northern Mariana Islands CQ MP MNP 580 MP

Norway NO NO NOR 578 NO

Oman MU OM OMN 512 OM

Pakistan PK PK PAK 586 PK

Palau PS PW PLW 585 PW

Palmyra Atoll LQ - - - - ISO includes with the US Minor Outlying

Islands

Panama PM PA PAN 591 PA

Papua New Guinea PP PG PNG 598 PG

Paracel Islands PF - - - -

Paraguay PA PY PRY 600 PY

Peru PE PE PER 604 PE

Philippines RP PH PHL 608 PH

Pitcairn Islands PC PN PCN 612 PN

Poland PL PL POL 616 PL

Portugal PO PT PRT 620 PT

Puerto Rico RQ PR PRI 630 PR

Qatar QA QA QAT 634 QA

Reunion RE RE REU 638 RE

Romania RO RO ROM 642 RO

Russia RS RU RUS 643 RU

Rwanda RW RW RWA 646 RW

Saint Helena SH SH SHN 654 SH

Saint Kitts and Nevis SC KN KNA 659 KN

Saint Lucia ST LC LCA 662 LC

Saint Pierre and Miquelon SB PM SPM 666 PM

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines VC VC VCT 670 VC

Samoa WS WS WSM 882 WS

San Marino SM SM SMR 674 SM

Sao Tome and Principe TP ST STP 678 ST

Saudi Arabia SA SA SAU 682 SA

Senegal SG SN SEN 686 SN

Serbia* SR - - - - see footnote at end of table

Serbia and Montenegro* - - - - - see footnote at end of table

Seychelles SE SC SYC 690 SC

Sierra Leone SL SL SLE 694 SL

Singapore SN SG SGP 702 SG

Slovakia LO SK SVK 703 SK

Slovenia SI SI SVN 705 SI

Solomon Islands BP SB SLB 090 SB

Somalia SO SO SOM 706 SO

South Africa SF ZA ZAF 710 ZA

South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands SX GS SGS 239 GS

Spain SP ES ESP 724 ES

Spratly Islands PG - - - -

Sri Lanka CE LK LKA 144 LK

Sudan SU SD SDN 736 SD

Suriname NS SR SUR 740 SR

Svalbard SV SJ SJM 744 SJ ISO includes Jan Mayen

Swaziland WZ SZ SWZ 748 SZ

Sweden SW SE SWE 752 SE

Switzerland SZ CH CHE 756 CH

Syria SY SY SYR 760 SY

Taiwan TW TW TWN 158 TW

Tajikistan TI TJ TJK 762 TJ

Tanzania TZ TZ TZA 834 TZ

Thailand TH TH THA 764 TH

Togo TO TG TGO 768 TG

Tokelau TL TK TKL 772 TK

Tonga TN TO TON 776 TO

Trinidad and Tobago TD TT TTO 780 TT

Tromelin Island TE - - - - ISO includes with the Miscellaneous

(French) Indian Ocean Islands

Tunisia TS TN TUN 788 TN

Turkey TU TR TUR 792 TR

Turkmenistan TX TM TKM 795 TM

Turks and Caicos Islands TK TC TCA 796 TC

Tuvalu TV TV TUV 798 TV

Uganda UG UG UGA 800 UG

Ukraine UP UA UKR 804 UA

United Arab Emirates TC AE ARE 784 AE

United Kingdom UK GB GBR 826 UK/GB ISO includes Guernsey, Isle of Man, Jersey

United States US US USA 840 US

United States Minor Outlying Islands - UM UMI 581 UM ISO includes Baker

Island, Howland Island, Jarvis Island, Johnston Atoll, Kingman Reef,

Midway Islands, Palmyra Atoll, Wake Island

Uruguay UY UY URY 858 UY

Uzbekistan UZ UZ UZB 860 UZ

Vanuatu NH VU VUT 548 VU

Venezuela VE VE VEN 862 UE

Vietnam VM VN VNM 704 VN

Virgin Islands VQ VI VIR 850 VI

Virgin Islands (UK) - - - - - see British Virgin Islands

Virgin Islands (US) - - - - - see Virgin Islands

Wake Island WQ - - - - ISO includes with the US Minor Outlying Islands

Wallis and Futuna WF WF WLF 876 WF

West Bank WE - - - -

Western Sahara WI EH ESH 732 EH

Western Samoa - - - - - see Samoa

World - - - - - the Factbook uses the W data code from

DIAM 65-18 Geopolitical Data Elements and Related Features, Data Standard

No. 3, December 1994, published by the Defense Intelligence Agency

Yemen YM YE YEM 887 YE

Yugoslavia* - YU YUG 891 YU see footnote at end of table

Zaire - - - - - see Democratic Republic of the Congo

Zambia ZA ZM ZWB 894 ZM

Zimbabwe ZI ZW ZWE 716 ZW

_________________________________________________________________

*Serbia and Montenegro have asserted the formation of a joint independent state, but this entity has not been formally recognized as a state by the US; the US view is that the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (SFRY) has dissolved and that none of the successor republics represents its continuation.

______________________________________________________________________

@Appendix G: Cross-Reference List of Hydrographic Data Codes

IHO 23-4th: Limits of Oceans and Seas, Special Publication 23, Draft 4th Edition 1986, published by the International Hydrographic Bureau of the International Hydrographic Organization

IHO 23-3rd: Limits of Oceans and Seas, Special Publication 23, 3rd

Edition 1953, published by the International Hydrographic Organization

ACIC M 49-1: Chart of Limits of Seas and Oceans, revised January 1958,

published by the Aeronautical Chart and Information Center (ACIC),

United States Air Force; note - ACIC is now part of the National

Imagery and Mapping Agency (NIMA)

DIAM 65-18: Geopolitical Data Elements and Related Features, Data

Standard No. 4, Defense Intelligence Agency Manual 65-18, December

1994, published by the Defense Intelligence Agency

The US Government has not yet adopted a standard for hydrographic codes similar to the Federal Information Processing Standards (FIPS) 10-4 country codes. The names and limits of the following oceans and seas are not always directly comparable because of differences in the customers, needs, and requirements of the individual organizations. Even the number of principal water bodies varies from organization to organization. Factbook users, for example, find the Atlantic Ocean and Pacific Ocean entries useful, but none of the following standards include those oceans in their entirety. Nor is there any provision for combining codes or overcodes to aggregate water bodies. The recently delimited Southern Ocean is not included.

Principal Oceans and Seas of the World With Hydrographic Codes by

Institution IHO

23-4th IHO

23-3rd* ACIC

M 49-1 DIAM

65-18

Arctic Ocean 9 17 A 5A

Atlantic Ocean - - - -

North Atlantic Ocean 1 23 B 1A

South Atlantic Ocean 4 32 C 2A

Baltic Sea 2 1 B26 7B

Indian Ocean 5 45 F 6A

Mediterranean Sea 3.1 28 B11 -

Eastern Mediterranean 3.1.2 28 B - 8E

Western Mediterranean 3.1.1 28 A - 8W

Pacific Ocean - - - -

North Pacific Ocean 7 57 D 3A

South Pacific Ocean 8 61 E 4A

South China and Eastern Archipelagic Seas 6 49, 48 D18 plus others 3U

plus others

Oceans and Seas of the World With Hydrographic Codes by Institution

IHO

23-4th IHO

23-3rd* ACIC

M 49-1 DIAM

65-18

ARCTIC OCEAN 9 17 A 5A

East Siberian Sea 9.1 11 A6 5S

Laptev Sea 9.2 10 A5 5P

Kara Sea 9.3 9 A4 5K

Barents Sea 9.4 7 A2 5B

White Sea 9.5 8 A3 5W

North Greenland Sea 9.6 - - -

Norwegian Sea 9.7 6 B30 5N

Iceland Sea 9.8 - - -

Davis Strait 9.9 15 B2 1V

Hudson Strait 9.10 16 A A15 1U

Hudson Bay 9.11 16 A10 1H

Baffin Bay 9.12 14 A A12 1P

Lincoln Sea 9.13 17 A A13 5L

Northwest Passages

(Northwest Passage, Northwestern Passages) 9.14 14 A9 5T

Beaufort Sea 9.15 13 A8 5U

Chukchi Sea 9.16 12 A7 5C

James Bay - - A11 -

Kane Basin - - A14 -

ATLANTIC OCEAN

(see North Atlantic Ocean and South Atlantic Ocean) - - - -

BALTIC SEA 2 1 B26 7B

Gulf of Bothnia 2.1 1 (a) B29 7T

Gulf of Finland 2.2 1 (b) B28 7F

Gulf of Riga 2.3 1 (c) B27 7H

The Sound 2.4 2 - -

The Great Belt 2.5 2 - -

The Little Belt 2.6 2 - -

Kattegat 2.7 2 B25 7K

INDIAN OCEAN 5 45 F 6A

Mozambique Channel 5.1 45 A F1 6Z

Gulf of Suez 5.2 35 F5 6W

Gulf of Aqaba 5.3 36 - 6Q

Red Sea 5.4 37 F4 6E

Gulf of Aden 5.5 38 F3 6D

Persian Gulf

(Gulf of Iran) 5.6 41 F7 6P

Gulf of Oman 5.7 40 F6 6M

Arabian Sea 5.8 39 F2 6R

Laccadive Sea (Lakshadweep Sea) 5.9 42 F9 6L

Gulf of Mannar 5.10 - F8 -

Palk Strait and Palk Bay 5.11 - - -

Bay of Bengal 5.12 43 F10 6B

Andaman Sea (Burma Sea) 5.13 44 F11 6N

Strait of Malacca (Malacca Strait) 5.14 46 (a) F12 6C

Great Australian Bight 5.15 62 F21 6G

Suez Canal - - - 6U

MEDITERRANEAN REGION 3 - - -

Mediterranean Sea 3.1 28 B11 -

Mediterranean Sea, Western Basin 3.1.1 28 A - 8W

Strait of Gibraltar 3.1.1.1 28 (a) B7 8S

Alboran Sea 3.1.1.2 28 (b) - 8Y

Balearic Sea (Balear Sea, Iberian Sea) 3.1.1.3 28 (c) B9 8J

Ligurian Sea (Ligure Sea) 3.1.1.4 28 (d) B10 8L

Tyrrhenian Sea (Tirreno Sea) 3.1.1.5 28 (e) B12 8T

Mediterranean Sea, Eastern Basin 3.1.2 28 B - 8E

Adriatic Sea 3.1.2.1 28 (g) B14 8D

Strait of Sicily (Strait of Sicilia) 3.1.2.2 - - -

Ionian Sea 3.1.2.3 28 (f) B13 8N

Aegean Sea 3.1.2.4 28 (h) B15 8G

Sea of Marmara 3.2 29 B16 8M

Black Sea 3.3 30 B17 8B

Sea of Azov 3.4 31 B18 8Z

Gulf of Lion (Gulf of Lions) - - B8 8X

Aral Sea - - - 8R

Bosporus - - - 8P

Caspian Sea - - - 8C

Dardanelles - - - 8U

NORTH ATLANTIC OCEAN 1 23 B 1A

Skagerrak 1.1 3 B24 1S

North Sea 1.2 4 B23 1N

Inner Seas off the West Coast of Scotland 1.3 18 - 1K

Irish Sea and Saint Georges Channel 1.4 19 B22 1R, 1Q

Bristol Channel 1.5 20 B21 1C

Celtic Sea 1.6 21 A - -

English Channel 1.7 21 B20 1E

Bay of Biscay 1.8 22 B19 1B

Canarias Sea 1.9 - - -

Gulf of Guinea 1.1 34 C4 1G

Caribbean Sea 1.11 27 B6 1X

Gulf of Mexico 1.12 26 B5 1M

Bay of Fundy 1.13 25 B4 1F

Gulf of Saint Lawrence 1.14 24 B3 1T

Labrador Sea 1.15 15 A - 1L

Greenland Sea 1.16 5 A1 5G

Denmark Strait - - B1 1D

Lake Erie - - - 9E

Lake Huron - - - 9H

Lake Michigan - - - 9M

Lake Ontario - - - 9N

Lake Superior - - - 9S

Panama Canal - - - 1J

Saint Lawrence Seaway - - - 9L

NORTH PACIFIC OCEAN 7 57 D 3A

Philippine Sea 7.1 56 D26 3P

Taiwan Strait (Formosa Strait) 7.2 - D17 3F

East China Sea (Tung Hai) 7.3 50 D13 3E

Yellow Sea (Huang Hai, Hwang Hai) 7.4 51 D14 3Y

Bo Hai (Bo Sea, Gulf of Chihli) 7.5 - D16 3X

Liaodong Wan (Liaodong Gulf) 7.6 - - -

Inland Sea of Japan (Seto Naikai) 7.7 53 - 3N

Sea of Japan (Japan Sea) 7.8 52 D11 3J

Gulf of Tartary 7.9 - D10 -

Sea of Okhotsk 7.10 54 D8 3Q

Bering Sea 7.11 55 D6 5D

Anadyrskiy Zaliv (Anadyrskiy Gulf) 7.12 - - 5Y

Gulf of Alaska 7.13 58 D4 5F

Coastal Waters of Southeast Alaska and British Columbia 7.14 59 D3 5E

Gulf of California 7.15 60 D2 3L

Gulf of Panama 7.16 - D1 -

Amurskiy Liman - - D27 -

Bering Strait - - D7 5R

Bristol Bay - - D5 -

Korea Bay - - D15 3R

Korea Strait - - D12 -

Sakhalinskiy Zaliv - - D28 3B

Zaliv Shelikhova

(Zaliv Shelekhova) - - D9 3K

Luzon Strait - - - 3I

Tatar Strait - - - 3D

PACIFIC OCEAN

(see North Pacific Ocean and South Pacific Ocean)

-

-

-

-

SOUTH ATLANTIC OCEAN 4 32 C 2A

Rio de la Plata 4.1 33 C1 2R

Drake Passage - - C5 2D

Golfo San Matias - - C2 2M

Golfo San Jorge - - C3 2J

Scotia Sea - - C6 2S

Weddell Sea - - C7 2W

SOUTH CHINA AND EASTERN

ARCHIPELAGIC SEAS 6 49 and 48 D18 plus others 3U plus others

South China Sea (Nan Hai) 6.1 49 D18 3U

Gulf of Tonkin 6.2 - D19 3G

Gulf of Thailand (Gulf of Siam) 6.3 47 D20 3T

Natuna Sea 6.4 - - -

Singapore Strait 6.5 46 (b) - 3Z

Sunda Strait 6.6 - - -

Java Sea (Jawa Sea) 6.7 48 (n) F13 4J

Makassar Strait (Makasar Strait) 6.8 48 (m) E1 4M

Bali Sea 6.9 48 (l) F14 4L

Flores Sea 6.10 48 (j) F16 4F

Sumba Strait 6.11 - - -

Savu Sea (Sawu Sea) 6.12 48 (o) F15 6S

Timor Sea 6.13 48 (i) F19 6T

Joseph Bonaparte Gulf 6.14 - F20 -

Gulf of Carpentaria 6.15 - E4 4P

Arafura Sea 6.16 48 (h) E3 4U

Aru Sea 6.17 - - -

Banda Sea 6.18 48 (g) E2 4B

Teluk Bone (Gulf of Bone, Gulf of Boni) 6.19 48 (k) F17 4E

Ceram Sea (Seram Sea) 6.20 48 (f) D25 4Q

Gulf of Berau 6.21 - - -

Halmahera Sea 6.22 48 (e) D24 3H

Molucca Sea (Molukka Sea, Maluku Sea) 6.23 48 (c) D23 3M

Teluk Tomini (Gulf of Tomini) 6.24 48 (d) F18 3V

Sulawesi Sea 6.25 - - -

Mindanao Sea 6.26 - - -

Sulu Sea 6.27 48 (a) D21 3S

Celebes Sea - 48 (b) D22 3C

SOUTH PACIFIC OCEAN 8 61 E 4A

Bismarck Sea 8.1 66 E6 4K

Solomon Sea 8.2 65 E7 4S

Torres Strait 8.3 - E5 -

Coastal Waters of Great Barrier Reefs 8.4 - - -

Coral Sea 8.5 64 E9 4C

Tasman Sea 8.6 63 E10 4T

Bass Strait 8.7 62 A F22 6F

Amundsen Sea - - E12 4D

Bellingshausen Sea - - E13 4G

Cook Strait - - E8 -

Ross Sea - - E11 4R

_________________________________________________________________

@Appendix H: Cross-Reference List of Geographic Names

This list indicates where various geographic names - including the location of all United States Foreign Service Posts, alternate names, former names, and political or geographical portions of larger entities - can be found in The World Factbook. Spellings are normally those approved by the US Board on Geographic Names (BGN). Additional information is included in brackets.

Name Entry in The World Factbook Latitude Longitude

A

Abidjan [US Embassy] Cote d'Ivoire 5 19 N 4 02 W

Abkhazia [region] Georgia 43 00 N 41 00 E

Abu Dhabi [US Embassy] United Arab Emirates 24 28 N 54 22 E

Abu Musa [island] Iran 25 52 N 55 03 E

Abuja [US Embassy Branch Office] Nigeria 9 12 N 7 11 E

Abyssinia Ethiopia 8 00 N 38 00 E

Acapulco Mexico 16 51 N 99 55 W

Accra [US Embassy] Ghana 5 33 N 0 13 W

Adamstown Pitcairn Islands 25 04 S 130 05 W

Adana [US Consulate] Turkey 37 01 N 35 18 E

Addis Ababa [US Embassy] Ethiopia 9 02 N 38 42 E

Adelie Land (Terre Adelie) [claimed by France] Antarctica 66 30 S 139 00 E

Aden Yemen 12 46 N 45 01 E

Aden, Gulf of Indian Ocean 12 30 N 48 00 E

Admiralty Island United States (Alaska) 57 44 N 134 20 W

Admiralty Islands Papua New Guinea 2 10 S 147 00 E

Adriatic Sea Atlantic Ocean 42 30 N 16 00 E

Aegean Islands Greece 38 00 N 25 00 E

Aegean Sea Atlantic Ocean 38 30 N 25 00 E

Afars and Issas, French Territory of the (FTAI) Djibouti 11 30 N 43 00 E

Agalega Islands Mauritius 10 25 S 56 40 E

Agana (see Hagatna) Guam 13 28 N 144 45 E

Ajaccio France (Corsica) 41 55 N 8 44 E

Akmola (see Astana) Kazakhstan 51 10 N 71 30 E

Aland Islands Finland 60 15 N 20 00 E

Alaska United States 65 00 N 153 00 W

Alaska, Gulf of Pacific Ocean 58 00 N 145 00 W

Aldabra Islands (Groupe d'Aldabra) Seychelles 9 25 S 46 22 E

Alderney [island] Guernsey 49 43 N 2 12 W

Aleutian Islands United States (Alaska) 52 00 N 176 00 W

Alexander Archipelago United States (Alaska) 57 00 N 134 00 W

Alexander Island Antarctica 71 00 S 70 00 W

Alexandria Egypt 31 12 N 29 54 E

Algiers [US Embassy] Algeria 36 47 N 2 03 E

Alhucemas, Penon de Spain 35 13 N 3 53 W

Alma-Ata (see Almaty) Kazakhstan 43 15 N 76 57 E

Almaty [US Embassy] Kazakhstan 43 15 N 76 57 E

Alofi Niue 19 01 S 169 55 E

Alphonse Island Seychelles 7 01 S 52 45 E

Amami Strait Pacific Ocean 28 40 N 129 30 E

Amindivi Islands India 11 30 N 72 30 E

Amirante Isles (Les Amirantes) Seychelles 6 00 S 53 10 E

Amman [US Embassy] Jordan 31 57 N 35 56 E

Amsterdam [US Consulate General] Netherlands 52 22 N 4 54 E

Amsterdam Island (Ile Amsterdam) French Southern and Antarctic Lands

37 52 S 77 32 E

Amundsen Sea Southern Ocean 72 30 S 112 00 W

Amur River China, Russia 52 56 N 141 10 E

Anatolia [region] Turkey 39 00 N 35 00 E

Andaman Islands India 12 00 N 92 45 E

Andaman Sea Indian Ocean 10 00 N 95 00 E

Andorra la Vella Andorra 42 30 N 1 30 E

Andros [island] Greece 37 45 N 24 42 E

Andros Island The Bahamas 24 26 N 77 57 W

Anegada Passage Atlantic Ocean 18 30 N 63 40 W

Angkor Wat [ruins] Cambodia 13 26 N 103 50 E

Anglo-Egyptian Sudan Sudan 15 00 N 30 00 E

Anjouan [island] Comoros 12 15 S 44 25 E

Ankara [US Embassy] Turkey 39 56 N 32 52 E

Annobon [island] Equatorial Guinea 1 25 S 5 36 E

Antananarivo [US Embassy] Madagascar 18 52 S 47 30 E

Antigua [island] Antigua and Barbuda 14 34 N 90 44 W

Antipodes Islands New Zealand 49 41 S 178 43 E

Antwerp [European Logistical Support Office] Belgium 51 13 N 4 25 E

Aozou Strip Chad 22 00 N18 00 E

Apia [US Embassy] Samoa 13 50 S 171 44 N

Aqaba, Gulf of Indian Ocean 29 00 N 34 30 E

Aqmola (see Astana) Kazakhstan 51 10 N 71 30 E

Arab, Shatt al [river] Iran, Iraq 29 57 N 48 34 E

Arabian Sea Indian Ocean 15 00 N 65 00 E

Arafura Sea Pacific Ocean 9 00 S 133 00 E

Aral Sea Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan 45 00 N 60 00 E

Argun River China, Russia 53 20 N 121 28 E

Ascension Island Saint Helena 7 57 S 14 22 W

Ashgabat [US Embassy] Turkmenistan 37 57 N 58 23 E

Ashkhabad (see Ashgabat) Turkmenistan 37 57 N 58 23 E

Asmara [US Embassy] Eritrea 15 20 N 38 53 E

Asmera (see Asmara) Eritrea 15 20 N 38 53 E

Assumption Island Seychelles 9 46 S 46 34 E

Astana (Akmola) Kazakhstan 51 10 N 71 30 E

Asuncion [US Embassy] Paraguay 25 16 S 57 40 W

Asuncion Island Northern Mariana Islands 19 40 N 145 24 E

Atacama [region] Chile 24 30 S 69 15 W

Athens [US Embassy] Greece 37 59 N 23 44 E

Attu Island United States 52 55 N 172 57 E

Auckland [US Consulate General] New Zealand 36 52 S 174 46 E

Auckland Islands New Zealand 51 00 S 166 30 E

Australes, Iles (Iles Tubuai) French Polynesia 23 20 S 151 00 W

Avarua Cook Islands 21 12 S 159 46 W

Axel Heiberg Island Canada 79 30 N 90 00 W

Azad Kashmir Pakistan 34 30 N 74 00 E

Azores [islands] Portugal 38 30 N 28 00 W

Azov, Sea of Atlantic Ocean 49 00 N 36 00 E

B

Bab el Mandeb [strait] Indian Ocean 12 40 N 43 20 E

Babuyan Channel Pacific Ocean 18 44 N 121 40 E

Babuyan Islands Philippines 19 10 N 121 40 E

Baffin Bay Arctic Ocean 73 00 N 66 00 W

Baffin Island Canada 68 00 N 70 00 W

Baghdad [US Embassy temporarily suspended;

US Interests Section located in Poland's embassy in Baghdad]

Iraq 33 21 N44 25 E

Baki (see Baku) Azerbaijan 40 23 N 49 51 E

Baku [US Embassy] Azerbaijan 40 23 N 49 51 E

Baky (see Baku) Azerbaijan 40 23 N 49 51 E

Balabac Strait Pacific Ocean 7 35 N 117 00 E

Balearic Islands Spain 39 30 N 3 00 E

Balearic Sea (Iberian Sea) Atlantic Ocean 40 30 N 2 00 E

Bali [island] Indonesia 8 20 S 115 00 E

Bali Sea Indian Ocean 7 45 S 115 30 E

Balintang Channel Pacific Ocean 19 49 N 121 40 E

Balintang Islands Philippines 19 55 N 122 10 E

Balkan Peninsula Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Greece,

Romania, Serbia and Montenegro, Slovenia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of

Macedonia, Turkey (European part) 42 00 N 23 00 E

Balleny Islands Antarctica 67 00 S 163 00 E

Balochistan [region] Pakistan 28 00 N 63 00 E

Baltic Sea Atlantic Ocean 57 00 N 19 00 E

Bamako [US Embassy] Mali 12 39 N 8 00 W

Banaba (Ocean Island) Kiribati 0 52 S 169 35 E

Bandar Seri Begawan [US Embassy] Brunei 4 52 S 114 55 E

Banda Sea Pacific Ocean 5 00 S 128 00 E

Bangkok [US Embassy] Thailand 13 45 N 100 31 E

Bangui [US Embassy] Central African Republic 4 22 N 18 35 E

Banjul [US Embassy] The Gambia 13 28 N 16 39 W

Banks Island Australia 10 12 S 142 16 E

Banks Island Canada 75 15 N 121 30 W

Banks Islands (Iles Banks) Vanuatu 14 00 S 167 30 E

Barbuda [island] Antigua and Barbuda 17 38 N 61 48 W

Barcelona [US Consulate General] Spain 41 23 N 2 11 E

Barents Sea Arctic Ocean 74 00 N 36 00 E

Barranquilla Colombia 10 59 N 74 48 W

Bashi Channel Pacific Ocean 22 00 N 121 00 E

Basilan Strait Pacific Ocean 6 49 N 122 05 E

Basque Provinces Spain 43 00 N 2 30 W

Bass Strait Pacific Ocean 39 20 S 145 30 E

Basse-Terre Guadeloupe 16 00 N 61 44 W

Basseterre Saint Kitts and Nevis 17 18 N 62 43 W

Bastia France (Corsica) 42 42 N 9 27 E

Basutoland Lesotho 29 30 S 28 30 E

Batan Islands Philippines 20 30 N 121 50 E

Bavaria (Bayern) Germany 48 30 N 11 30 E

Beagle Channel Atlantic Ocean 54 53 S 68 10 W

Bear Island (see Bjornoya) Svalbard 74 26 N 19 05 E

Beaufort Sea Arctic Ocean 73 00 N 140 00 W

Bechuanaland Botswana 22 00 S 24 00 E

Beijing [US Embassy] China 39 56 N 116 24 E

Beirut [US Embassy] Lebanon 33 53 N 35 30 E

Belau (Palau Islands) Palau 7 30 N 134 30 E

Belem [US Consular Agency] Brazil 1 27 S 48 29 W

Belep Islands (Iles Belep) New Caledonia 19 45 S 163 40 E

Belfast [US Consulate General] United Kingdom 54 35 N 5 55 W

Belgian Congo Democratic Republic of the Congo 0 00 N 25 00 E

Belgrade Serbia and Montenegro 44 50 N 20 30 E

Belize City [US Embassy] Belize 17 30 N 88 12 W

Belle Isle, Strait of Atlantic Ocean 51 35 N 56 30 W

Bellingshausen Sea Southern Ocean 71 00 S 85 00 W

Belmopan Belize 17 15 N 88 46 W

Belorussia Belarus 53 00 N 28 00 E

Bengal, Bay of Indian Ocean 15 00 N 90 00 E

Bering Sea Pacific Ocean 60 00 N 175 00 W

Bering Island Russia 55 00 N 166 30 E

Bering Strait Pacific Ocean 65 30 N 169 00 W

Berkner Island Antarctica 79 30 S 49 30 W

Berlin [US Branch Office] Germany 52 31 N 13 24 E

Berlin, East Germany 52 30 N 13 33 E

Berlin, West Germany 52 30 N 12 20 E

Bern [US Embassy] Switzerland 46 57 N 7 26 E

Bessarabia [region] Romania, Moldova, Ukraine 47 00 N 28 30 E

Bhopal India 23 16 N 77 24 E

Biafra [region] Nigeria 5 30 N 7 30 E

Big Diomede Island Russia 65 46 N 169 06 W

Bijagos, Arquipelago dos Guinea-Bissau 11 25 N 16 20 W

Bikini Atoll Marshall Islands 11 35 N 165 23 E

Bilbao Spain 43 15 N 2 58 W

Bioko [island] Equatorial Guinea 3 30 N 8 42 E

Biscay, Bay of Atlantic Ocean 44 00 N 4 00 W

Bishkek [US Embassy] Kyrgyzstan 42 54 N 74 36 E

Bishop Rock United Kingdom 49 52 N 6 27 W

Bismarck Archipelago Papua New Guinea 5 00 S 150 00 E

Bismarck Sea Pacific Ocean 4 00 S 148 00 E

Bissau [US Embassy] Guinea-Bissau 11 51 N 15 35 W

Bjornoya (Bear Island) Svalbard 74 26 N 19 05 E

Black Forest Germany 48 00 N 8 15 E

Black Rock South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands 53 39 S 41 48 W

Black Sea Atlantic Ocean 43 00 N 35 00 E

Bloemfontein South Africa 29 12 S 26 07 E

Boa Vista [island] Cape Verde 16 05 N 22 50 W

Bogota [US Embassy] Colombia 4 36 N 74 05 W

Bohemia [region] Czech Republic 50 00 N 14 30 E

Bombay (see Mumbai) India 18 58 N 72 50 E

Bonaire [island] Netherlands Antilles 12 10 N 68 15 W

Bonifacio, Strait of Atlantic Ocean 41 01 N 14 00 E

Bonin Islands Japan 27 00 N 140 10 E

Bonn [US Embassy] Germany 50 44 N 7 05 E

Bophuthatswana South Africa 26 30 S 25 30 E

Bora-Bora [island] French Polynesia 16 30 S 151 45 W

Bordeaux France 44 50 N 0 34 W

Borneo [island] Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia 0 30 N 114 00 E

Bornholm [island] Denmark 55 10 N 15 00 E

Bosnia Bosnia and Herzegovina 44 00 N 18 00 E

Bosporus [strait] Atlantic Ocean 41 00 N 29 00 E

Bothnia, Gulf of Atlantic Ocean 63 00 N 20 00 E

Bougainville [island] Papua New Guinea 6 00 S 155 00 E

Bougainville Strait Pacific Ocean 6 40 S 156 10 E

Bounty Islands New Zealand 47 43 S 174 00 E

Brasilia [US Embassy] Brazil 15 47 S 47 55 W

Bratislava [US Embassy] Slovakia 48 09 N 17 07 E

Brazzaville [US Embassy] Republic of the Congo 4 16 S 15 17 E

Bridgetown [US Embassy] Barbados 13 06 N 59 37 W

Brisbane Australia 27 28 S 153 02 E

Britain (see Great Britain) United Kingdom 54 00 N 2 00 W

British East Africa Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda 1 00 N 38 00 E

British Guiana Guyana 5 00 N 59 00 W

British Honduras Belize 17 15 N 88 45 W

British Solomon Islands Solomon Islands 8 00 S 159 00 E

British Somaliland Somalia 10 00 N 49 00 E

Brussels [US Embassy, US Mission to European Union (USEU),

US Mission to the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (USNATO)]

Belgium 50 50 N 4 20 E

Bubiyan [island] Kuwait 29 47 N 48 10 E

Bucharest [US Embassy] Romania 44 26 N 26 06 E

Budapest [US Embassy] Hungary 47 30 N 19 05 E

Buenos Aires [US Embassy] Argentina 34 36 S 58 27 W

Bujumbura [US Embassy] Burundi 3 23 S 29 22 E

Burnt Pine Norfolk Island 29 02 S 167 56 E

Byelorussia Belarus 53 00 N 28 00 E