Chapter 3 No.3

After leaving Howden we have to pass, with what speed we may, over ten more miles of absolutely level, absolutely uninspiring country. Then we go through North Cave, where George Washington's ancestors used to live; and at last the road begins to rise over Kettlethorpe Hill. The flat land is laid out like a map below us; far away upon the horizon-which is level as the sea-rises "the huge tall steeple" of Howden; and between the plain of Yorkshire and the rising-ground of Lincolnshire are the sullen waters of that great river that has brought England so much of her prosperity.

Not always, however, has the Humber brought prosperity. More than a thousand years ago the fleet of the avenging Danes, Hinguar and Hubba, swept up between these low banks, to lay this rich country waste. Right into the heart of the land they sailed, and ceased not to destroy till all the country of the fens was desolate. Now this calamity and much more besides-the destruction of Lindisfarne and Whitby, of Croyland and Ely and Peterborough, and the death of St. Edmund the King-was brought about by the jealousy of one obscure individual. For Lothbroc the Dane, being a guest at Edmund's Court, had showed so much skill in the trapping of birds and beasts that the King's head-keeper, as one may call him, was "inflamed with mortal envy." So he slew Lothbroc treacherously. Then the King sent the murderer to sea in a little boat, without sail or oars, and the boat drifted to the shores of Denmark. And the wicked keeper sought the sons of Lothbroc, whose names were Hinguar and Hubba, and told them that their father had been slain by order of King Edmund. So Hinguar and Hubba swore by "their almighty gods that they would not leave that murder unpunished"; and verily they fulfilled their oath.

Two hundred years later another Dane, Sweyn of the Forked Beard, "a cruel man, and ready for the shedding of blood," sailed up to conquer the north. Just beyond that island that lies close to the left bank, where we see the Ouse suddenly widen into the Humber, Sweyn turned into the river Trent. And "all England groaned like a bed of reeds shaken by the west wind."

At the top of the hill we pass through a wonderful avenue of beeches and sycamores; then run down a long and pleasant slope into Walkington; and soon the blue towers of Beverley appear.

The brief run across the common above Beverley will probably be the last of our memorable moments in Yorkshire: the last of those memories which we motorists-while the days are long and the winds are soft and the engine purrs contentedly hour after hour-hoard up to enjoy again and again, not only through the winter but through the years. This particular moment is a very short one; but it will be long, I think, before we forget the beauty of the town of Beverley as it lies in the blue dusk of a summer evening, with its matchless towers dominating it.

Yes, surely, they are matchless! See how the straight, clean lines of their tall buttresses-those parallel lines that are repeated again and again in the Perpendicular panels, and even in the deep shadows cast by the masonry-give the impression of slenderness and height. Not anywhere, not at Lincoln, not at York, are there towers of a design so complete and finished, of a simplicity so exquisite. Nowhere else does the accumulation of straight lines produce so rich a whole; nowhere else are the very shadows used to enhance the effect. There is much that is beautiful in Beverley Minster, but in the main it is these twin towers that are going to be our compensation for all those miles we have driven between flat fields, "enclosid," as Leland says, "with hegges."

The monastery of Beverley was founded, or at all events much frequented in the eighth century, by a certain Archbishop of York, who retired hither "out of a pious aversion to this world," and has been known ever since as St. John of Beverley. Bede's account of this saint is well worth reading. He was a man of many miracles, of much kindliness, of some sharpness of tongue. Never was there a saint of so much commonsense, mingled with the compelling power that works miracles in every age. There was a "dumb boy," for instance, who had also a sore head. The archbishop divined the nervous nature of the dumbness, and cured it so thoroughly that the youth talked incessantly for a day and a night, as long as he could keep awake. Then the archbishop "ordered the physician to take in hand the cure of his head." The shrewd saint recognised his own limitations. On another occasion he was brought to heal a dying nun. "What can I do to the girl," he asked tartly, "if she is like to die?"

BEVERLEY.

Such was St. John of Beverley, of whom we may see a picture, though not, I fear, a portrait, in the south transept of this minster. It represents him receiving from King Athelstane a charter with a portentous seal and the following legend:-

"Als fre make I the

as hert may thynke

or egh may see."

King Athelstane, it is true, was by no means a contemporary of St. John of Beverley, but he regarded the saint as his special benefactor, and gave many privileges to Beverley on that account-so the symbolism is pretty even if the picture is not. If we walk along the nave till we are beneath the second boss of the vaulted roof, counting from the east, we shall be above the spot where John of Beverley's dust has lain for many centuries. He was originally buried in the porch; probably his bones were moved when the Saxon Church was replaced by a Norman one. I do not know on what authority the local guide informs us that Athelstane's dagger is in this grave. Gibson, who in his additions to Camden describes the opening of the tomb in the seventeenth century, makes mention of no dagger, but only of the sweet-smelling dust, and the six cornelian beads, and the brass pins and iron nails. Athelstane, it is true, left his dagger as a hostage on St. John's grave while he was fighting the Scots; but the story says that he redeemed it on his return by re-founding the monastery as a college, and granting it the right of sanctuary. Hence the legend on the charter.

In the north aisle of the choir, near the entrance to the Percy Chapel, is the visible symbol of that right of sanctuary, the Fridstool, the plain rounded seat in which he that sat was safe even though he were a murderer, the sacred centre of the six circles that conferred each its own amount of security. To this Stool of Peace, in the days when it stood beside the altar, many a man-indeed many a ruffian-has owed his life and the freedom he so little deserved. It was to this very seat that Richard II.'s half-brother, Sir John Holland, came hurrying through the night. Froissart tells the story, how Holland and Lord Ralph Stafford met in a lane but could not see each other for the darkness. "I am Stafford," said one. "And I am Holland," said the other, and added: "Thy servants have murdered my squire whom I loved so much." Then he killed Lord Ralph with a blow. Stafford's servant cried out that his master was dead. "Be it so," said Sir John; "I had rather have put him to death than one of less rank, for I have the better revenged the loss of my squire." In spite of this haughty attitude, however, he lost no time in taking refuge here. The beautiful towers were not in existence then, but the nave through which he hastened was this Decorated nave that we see now, and these Early English arches were above him as he sat in the sanctuary, and close to him was that wonderful canopied tomb near the altar, supposed to be the grave of Eleanor, Lady Percy.

If it were not eclipsed by the minster the church of St. Mary at Beverley would be more famous than it is, for it, too, is full of beauty and interest. But only those who are very enthusiastic lovers of architecture, or who are able to spend some days in the town, will risk confusing their memories of the first with the details of the second.

Beverley, though never fortified, had once three gates. Of these only one still stands, the North Bar. Beneath its crow-stepped parapet Charles I. must have passed with an angry heart when he rode out to York after his futile expedition to Hull. And it is very likely that we, if we are going south, shall drive out of Beverley upon the same road by which he came from Hull the night before, with the first open defiance of one of his own towns ringing ominously in his ears.

Who thinks of history when he goes to Hull? It is, no doubt, like all great commercial centres, of paramount interest to its inhabitants; but to the traveller what is it? A starting-place, a place where there are docks, railway stations, hotels. Even that increasing band of travellers who are learning, with the help of bicycles and motor-cars, to know their country with the intimate knowledge that nearly always means love, to linger in its historic towns, to seek its little villages, and to eat the familiar bacon-and-eggs of its wayside inns, even these are fain to pass through Hull with no thought beyond their anxiety to reach some other place. Beyond the two old churches of Holy Trinity and St. Mary there is nothing here to see except a good deal of prosperity and the squalor that prosperity brings.

Yet even these wide streets of central Hull, with all their prosaic traffic, should take our thoughts back to Edward I. These things are the justification of that astute and high-handed king; they are the fulfilment of his prophecy. This sheltered corner of the Humber, he thought, would make a fine position for a commercial town. To think of a thing was to do it at once, with our first Edward; so he bought the land from the Abbey of Meaux, made himself a manor, called the place King's Town, built some houses, and paid people to live in them. Well, there may be some even now who would have to be paid to live in Hull; but none the less Edward was wise here as in most other places.

And, moreover, as we reach the outskirts of this town we may recall that one of the most dramatic scenes in English history was enacted here-that defiance of Charles I. at the walls of his own town, which was the gauntlet flung by the Parliament.

War was yet not declared, but there was great store of ammunition in Hull which might, thought Charles, be useful by and by. So he, with two or three hundred others, set out from York to see about the matter, and as he drew near this town-fortified then with a great wall and many towers-he sent a message to bid the governor dine with him. I do not know if there is any vestige left of the wall to which Charles presently came, or any record of the spot where he paused, dumbfounded, before the gate. This, he surely thought, as he scanned the walls and the closely shut gates and the hostile draw-bridges, this was a strange welcome to his city of Hull, the King's Town! Here were no sheriffs marching out to meet him as at York, nor gay trainbands, nor kneeling mayors; but walls manned with soldiers who were anything but gay, and inhospitable gate-keepers whom he could by no means persuade to let him pass, and on the ramparts the unhappy governor, Sir John Hotham. "And when the King commanded him to cause the port to be opened," says Clarendon, "he answered like a distracted man that no man could understand; he fell upon his knees, used all the execrations imaginable, that the earth would open and swallow him up if he were not his Majesty's most faithful subject." Yet in spite of all his protestations this man "of a fearful nature and perplexed understanding" was quite clear in his mind as to what his intentions were, and not too fearful to carry them out. The King should not come in.

Then solemnly, from below the wall they might not enter, the King's officers made proclamation that Sir John Hotham, Governor of Hull, was a traitor; and Charles, with his head high but his spirits very low, rode on to Beverley in the shadow of the Great Rebellion.

Our plight at this moment is not the same as his. If his difficulty was to enter Hull, ours lies in the leaving of it-supposing, that is to say, that we wish to cross the Humber by the ferry. There are no arrangements of any kind for shipping cars. A narrow, precipitous gangway, with a right-angled turn in the middle, is the only means of passing from the quay to the ferry-boat. The transit is a matter of difficulty for any car-for a large one it is impossible. Hull, however, is a progressive place, as befits the town of that most progressive king who saw its possibilities so long ago. Very soon, we cannot doubt, the shipping of a car on the shores of the Humber will be less like a feat in a circus than it is at present.

* * *

INDEX

Agincourt, Battle of, 195

Ainsty of York, 187

Airedale, 15

Aire, River, 13, 189

Alan, Count of Brittany, 73, 79

Alfred the Great, 36, 37, 44

Alfrid, King of Deira, 36

Allerston, 124

Anne Boleyn, 160, 161

Appleton-le-Moor, 133

Arkengarth Dale, 71

Arthur, King, 74, 75

Aske Hall, 79

Aske, Robert, 113

Askrigg, 57, 66, 67

Athelstane, King, 215, 216

Atton, Family of, 122

Aysgarth, 56

Ayton Castle, 122, 164

Bainbridge, 57

Baliol, Bernard, 82, 83

Baliol College, 83

Baliol, Guy, 82

Baliol, John, the elder, 83, 84

Baliol, John, King of Scotland, 82, 83

Barden Moor, 57

Barden Tower, 19, 21

Barlow, Bishop, 177, 178

Barnard Castle, 65, 81, 82-84

Barnet, 205

Bay Town, 107

Bear of Warwick, 50

Beatty, Sir William, 55

Beckett, Thomas à, 28

Bede, The Venerable, 35, 76, 129, 140, 174, 214

Bellyseys, Richard, 47

Benedict, Abbot of Selby, 202, 203

Beverley, 4, 200, 201, 212-218, 221

Black Bess, 205

Blubberhouses, 25

Boar of Gloucester, 50, 83

Bolton Bridge, 22, 25

Bolton Castle, 57, 59-66, 177

Bolton, Lord, 56, 59

Bolton Priory, 5, 11, 21, 23-25, 149

Bolton Woods, 21, 22

Bootham Bar, York, 170, 183

Bosham, St. Wilfrid at, 36

Bosworth, Battle of, 159

Boulby Cliff, 95

Bourbon, Duke of, 195

Bowes, Sir George, 61, 65

Boy of Egremond, 22, 23

Brandon, Lady Eleanor, 8

Brandsby, 154, 157

Bridlington, 119

Brodelay, Abbot of Fountains, 42

Bromflete, Margaret, 122, 164

Brompton, 123, 124

Bront?, Anne, 115, 116

Bront?, Charlotte, 15, 115, 116

Bront? Country, The, 15

Brotton, 94, 95

Brougham Castle, 20

Bruce, David, 74, 75

Bruce, Family of, 92-95, 125

Bruce, Robert, 94

Buckden, 17

Buckingham, First Duke of, 135, 143, 144, 145

Buckingham, Second Duke of, 133-135, 141, 144-146

Buckingham, Katherine Duchess of, 143, 144

Buckingham, Mary Duchess of, 144

Burgh, de, 28

Burleigh, Lord, 53, 54

Burnsall, 19

Buttertubs Pass, 4, 58, 59, 67-69

Byland Abbey, 26, 153, 154

Byland, Old, 152, 153

Byron, Lord, 78

C?dmon, 101, 104, 105

Camden, Quotations from, 12, 14, 17, 35, 91, 191, 192, 196, 209

Carlyle, Thomas, 33, 114

Cavendish Memorial at Bolton, 23

Chapel Haddlesey, 201

Charles I., 28, 74, 172, 173, 184, 187, 218, 220, 221

Citeaux, 152

Civil War, 9, 31, 33, 34, 53, 65, 100, 113, 114, 126, 135, 144, 170, 180, 187, 192, 197-200, 204, 207, 208, 218, 220, 221

Clairvaux, 151

Clapham, 11, 14

Clarence, Duke of, 159

Clarendon, Quotations from, 143, 173, 198, 221

Clares, Arms of the, 165

Claughton, 109

Cleveland Moors, 4, 79, 91, 92, 95, 108, 131

Clifford "the Butcher," 7, 19, 20, 122, 171, 188-190

Clifford, Family of, 6-11, 15, 122

Clifford "the Shepherd Lord," 7, 8, 11, 19-21, 24, 122

Clifford's Tower, York, 185, 186

Clitheroe, 30

Cock, River, 188, 189

Colman, 104

Compiègne, 36

Coniston, 12, 13

Conistone, 18

Conquering Legion, 181

Constantine the Great, 162, 181

Constantius, Emperor, 181

Cook, Captain, 91, 96, 97

Cotherstone, 84

Cotterell, Colonel, 199

Cover, River, 50, 54

Coxwold, 154, 157

Craven, 5-15

Cromwell, Oliver, 28, 30, 31, 33, 34

Cromwell, Thomas, 41, 42, 47

Cropton, 127

Croyland Abbey, 211

Culloden Tower, Richmond, 74

Cumberland, First Earl of, 11, 24

Cumberland, Third Earl of, 7, 10

Cynebil, 129

Dairy Bridge, 80

Dales, The, 1-86, 89

Danes, The, 35, 105, 109, 120, 179, 211, 212

Darlington, 90

Defoe, Quotations from, 54, 57

Derham, Francis, 197

Derwent, River, 122, 164, 166, 206

Despensers, The, 195, 196

Devorgilla, Princess, 83

Dissolution of Monasteries, 24, 41, 42, 46, 47, 72, 77, 93, 183

Dodsworth, Roger, 156, 180

Douglas, Black, 112, 113

Dropping Well at Knaresborough, 31

Dugdale, 151, 156

Duncombe, Charles, 134, 142, 145, 147

Duncombe Park, 141, 147, 155

Eanfled, Queen, 35, 105

Easby Abbey, 56, 77, 78

Easington, 95

East Ayton, 123

East Witton, 50

Eata, 35

Ebberston, 124

Edmund, King, 211, 212

Edred, King, 36

Edward the Confessor, 137-139

Edward I., 83, 170, 219, 222

Edward II., 8, 11, 196

Edward III., 175, 176

Edward IV., 51, 159, 189, 191, 197

Edward V., 162

Edward, son of Richard III., 52, 161, 162, 172

Edwin, King of Northumbria, 177, 179

Eggleston Abbey, 82

Elfleda, Princess, 105

Elizabeth, Queen, 7, 10, 53, 62, 63, 135

Elizabeth, Queen of Spain, 62

Elizabeth of York, 159, 160, 162

Ellerton Priory, 72

Eliot, George, 22, 26

Ely, 211

Embsay, 23

Embsay Moor, 15

Espec, Walter of, 142, 148, 150-152, 164, 165

Ethelfled, daughter of Alfred the Great, 73

Ethelwald, King of Deira, 128, 139, 140

Euer, Family of, 122

Evesham, 77, 106

Exton, Sir Piers, 193, 194

Fairfaxes, Castle of the, 156

Fairfax, Sir Thomas, 144, 145, 173, 174, 180, 204, 205

Ferrybridge, 189-191

Filey, 119

FitzHugh, Sir Henry, 45, 47

FitzHughs, Castle of the, 84

Fitzranulph, 51

Fitzwater, Lord, 190

Flamborough Head, 119

Flodden, Battle of, 8

Forge Valley, 119, 121-123, 127, 164

Fors, 47, 66, 67

Fossard, Family of, 99

Foston, 163

Fountains Abbey, 5, 13, 17, 26, 37-43, 149, 183

Fountains Hall, 43

Fox, George, 114, 115

Froissart, Quotations from, 216, 217

Furness, 153

Gallows Hill, 123

Galtres, Forest of, 157, 158

Gargrave, 12

Gaveston, Piers, 28, 112, 126, 195

Geoffrey, Abbot of St. Mary's, 183

George IV., 74

George Washington, 210

Gibson, Editor of Camden, 215

Giggleswick, 14

Gilling, 73, 78, 79

Gilling, East, 156

Glastonbury, 105

Glenham, General, 173

Godiva, Lady, 73

Godwin, Earl, 138

Goldsmith, Peter, 55

Gordale Scar, 13

Grasmere, 123

Grassington, 19

Great North Road, 79, 190, 201, 205

Great Whernside, 17

Greta Bridge, 80

Greta, River, 80, 81

Grey Friars' Tower, Richmond, 77, 79

Grey, Sir Richard, 197

Grimston Moor, 157

Gros, William le, 112

Guisborough, 91-94

Gunnerside, 70

Hackness, 119-121, 122

Hall, John, 95

Hambledon Moors, 79

Hamilton, Duke of, 31

Hampton Court, 62

Harald the Norseman, 111

Harold II., 139

Harrogate, 25-28

Harry Hotspur, 171, 193

Hartington Seat, 23

Hastings, Lord, 51

Hawes, 57, 67

Haworth, 15

Helaugh, 71, 75

Hellifield, 11, 13

Helmsley, 134, 141-147, 154, 156

Hemingborough, 205

Henrietta Maria, Queen, 184

Henry I., 203

Henry III., 112

Henry IV., 126, 171, 194

Henry V., 7, 45, 195

Henry VI., 189

Henry VII., 75, 93, 122, 160

Henry VIII., 8, 46, 77, 93, 161, 197

High Force, 85, 86

Hill House, Richmond, 78

Hinderwell, 98

Hinguar and Hubba, 105, 109, 211, 212

Hipswell Moor, 57

Hodge Beck, 136

Holland, Sir John, 216, 217

Hospitium of St. Mary's, York, 184, 185

Hotham, Sir John, 221

Hoveden, John, 210

Howden, 206, 208-210

Hubberholme, 17, 18

Huby, Abbot of Fountains, 41

Hull, 33, 218-222

Humber, 211, 212, 219, 222

Huntingdon, Lord, 53

Hutchinson, Joanna, 123

Hutchinson, Mary, 123

Ingilby, Lady, 34

Ingleton, 11, 14

James I., 135, 144, 172, 184

James I. of Scotland, 195

James IV. of Scotland, 93, 172

Jervaulx Abbey, 26, 42, 44, 45, 46-49, 66

John of Austria, 63

John of Gaunt, 28, 71, 75, 126

John of Kent, 41

John, King, 32

Katherine Howard, 160, 197

Keldholme, 133

Kettlethorpe Hill, 210

Kettlewell, 17, 18

Kilnsey Crag, 16, 17

Kingsley, Charles, 49, 50

Kirbymoorside, 133-135, 145

Kirkdale, 136-141

Kirkham Priory, 150, 151, 163-165, 170

Kirkstall Abbey, 26

Knaresborough, 28-33, 126

Knaresborough, Forest of, 27

Knollys, Sir Francis, 61-64

Knottingley, 201

Lacy, Family of, 203, 206

Lacy, Hugh de, 203, 204

Lacy, Ilbert de, 192

Lambert, General, 192, 199

Lancaster, Duchy of, 126

Lancaster, Thomas, Earl of, 126, 195, 196

Lass of Richmond Hill, 78

Lartington, 84

Lastingham, 127-132, 136, 140, 182

Leeds, 26

Leeds Waterworks, 25

Leland, Quotations from, 32, 60, 76, 100, 110, 125, 150, 206, 207, 213

Lewes, George, 22

Leyburn, 57

Leyburn Shawl, 65

Lindisfarne, 35, 211

Linskill, Mary, 101

Linton, 19

Loftus, 95

Lothbroc, 105, 109, 211

Low Row, 70

Lune, River, 85

Lythe, 99, 100

Macaulay, Lord, 134

MacNally, 78

Malham, 11, 12, 13

Margaret of Anjou, 20, 171

Margaret, Princess, daughter of Henry VII., 93, 172

Marmion, Family of, 44-46

Marrick Priory, 71, 72

Marris, Colonel, 198, 199

Marston Moor, Battle of, 29, 31, 34

Marton-in-Cleveland, 91

Marton-on-the-Forest, 157

Mary, Princess, daughter of Henry VII., 8

Mary Queen of Scots, 60-65

Masham, 46

Matthew, Archbishop of York, 177

Matthew, Frances, 177, 178

Mauley or de Malo-Lacu, Family of, 99, 100

Meaux, Abbey of, 219

Melrose Abbey, 152

Mercia, Earls of, 73, 79

Meschines, Alice de, 22, 23

Micklegate Bar, York, 170, 171-173

Mickleton, 85

Middleham, 26, 44, 49-54, 58, 162

Middlesbrough, 89, 90

Middleton-in-Teesdale, 84, 85

Milbank, Miss, 78

Monk Bar, York, 170

Mortham Tower, 80, 81

Morton, Earl, 142

Morville, de, 28, 29

Muker, 70

Mulgrave Park, 99, 100

Multangular Tower, York, 181, 182

Nawton, 140

Nelson, 55, 155

Neville, Anne, 51, 52, 161, 172

Neville, Family of, 51, 83, 135, 159, 160

Newark, 199

New Row, 100

Nidd, River, 32

Nine Altars, Chapel of the, Fountains, 41

Norfolk, Duke of, 160

North Cave, 210

North Sea, 106, 111

Northumberland, Duke of, 171, 193

Norton, Christopher, 61

Norton, Family of, 15, 16

Orléans, Duke of, 195

Oswaldkirk, 155, 156

Oswini, monk of Lastingham, 129-131

Oswy, King, 103-105

Otley, 30

Ouse, River, 202, 205, 212

Paston Letters, Quotation from, 197

Pembroke, Countess of, 8-10, 21

Penda, King of Mercia, 103, 105

Pendragon Castle, 20

Percy, Family of, 205-208

Percy, Lady, 217

Percy, William de, 121

Peterborough, 211

Philippa, Queen, 28, 29, 175, 176

Pickering, 123, 124-127

Pilgrimage of Grace, 39, 42, 48, 49, 113, 197

Pius II., 176

Plantagenets, Arms of the, 164

Pontefract, 29, 126, 189-201

Pope, Alexander, 71, 133, 134

Premonstratensian Order, 77

Preston, Battle of, 31

Quincy, Peter de, 67

Redmire, 57, 59, 60

Reeth, 70, 71

Reinfrid, 105

Ribblesdale, 14

Richard I., 185

Richard II., 28, 29, 126, 192-195, 206, 216

Richard III., 8, 51, 62, 83, 110, 159, 161, 172, 176, 197

Richard, first abbot of Fountains, 39

Richard, second abbot of Fountains, 40

Richmond, 44, 57, 58, 71, 72-79, 83

Rievaulx Abbey, 5, 26, 147-152, 154, 165

Rievaulx Woods, 154

Ripley, 33, 34

Ripon, 26, 33, 34-37, 43, 44

Rivers, Lord, 197

Roald, Constable of Richmond, 78

Robert Curthose, 142

Robin Hood, 108

Robin Hood's Bay, 106, 107

Robin Hood's Butts, 106

Rokeby, 81

Rokeby Park, 80

Romaldkirk, 84

Romilles, Family of, 6

Ros, Family of, 142, 143, 165

Rosamund, the Fair, 11

Roseberry Topping, 91, 92

Roucliffe, Sir David, 125

Runswick Bay, 98, 99

Rutland, Earl of, 7, 19, 188

Rye, River, 149, 152, 154, 155

Rylstone, 16

Rylstone Fell, 15

Rylstone, White Doe of, 15, 16

St. Bernard, 151, 152

St. Cedd, 128-131, 139, 140

St. Chad, 128-131, 179

St. Columba, 104

St. David's, 178

St. Germanus, 202

St. Helena, 162

St. Hilda, 98, 103-105, 109, 120, 121

St. John of Beverley, 103, 214-216

St. John, Family of, 122

St. John's Priory, Pontefract, 196

St. Mary's Abbey, York, 39, 131, 182-185

St. Mary's Church, Beverley, 217

St. Norbert, 77

St. Paulinus, 76, 174, 179

St. Robert of Knaresborough, 31-33

St. Thomas's Hill, Pontefract, 196

St. Wilfrid, 34-36, 37, 103, 104, 179

St. William's College, York, 186

Saltburn, 94

Sandsend, 100, 101

Saxon Remains, 35, 55, 79, 120, 124, 131, 137-140, 155, 179

Saxton, 189

Scalby, 119

Scarborough, 106, 109-116, 119, 141, 164

Scott, Sir Walter, 80, 81

Scrope, Archbishop, 60, 177

Scrope, Lord, of Masham, 171

Scropes of Bolton, 56, 60, 65, 78, 164

Seaton, Mary, 64, 65

Sedburgh, Abbot of Jervaulx, 48, 49

Selby, 201-205

Settle, 14

Severus, Emperor, 181

Seymour, Family of, 206

Sheffield, Lord, 99

Sheriff Hutton, 155, 157-163

Shrewsbury Abbey, 206

Sidney, Sir Philip, 143

Skell, River, 183

Skelton, 93-95

Skipton, 5-11, 15, 20, 30

Skirlaw, Walter, 209

Slingsby, Captain, 27

Slingsby, Sir Henry, 33, 173

Stafford, Lord Ralph, 216, 217

Stafford, Lord Thomas, 113

Staithes, 96-98

Stamford Bridge, 177

Standard, Battle of the, 28, 112, 142

Station Hotel, York, 181

Sterne, Laurence, 95, 154, 157

Stewart, Charles, the Young Pretender, 172

Stillington, 157

Stocking, 153

Stockton-on-Tees, 89, 90

Stonegappe, 15

Strafford, Earl of, 184

Stray, The, 27, 28

Strid, The, 21-23

Studley Park, 38, 149

Studley Royal, 38

Stuttevilles, de, 28, 32, 133

Suffolk, Duke of, 8

Surrey, Earl of, 161

Sutton-in-the-Forest, 157

Swale, River, 58, 70, 71, 72, 76, 81

Swaledale, 16, 57, 58, 67, 69-79

Sweetheart Abbey, 83, 84

Sweyn, 212

Tadcaster, 170, 172, 187, 188

Tees, River, 4, 81, 82, 85, 89

Teesdale, 16, 81-86

Tewkesbury, Battle of, 197

Thirsk, 153

Thirsk, Abbot of Fountains, 41

Thornton Force, 15

Thornton-le-dale, 124

Threshfield, 16

Thurstan, Archbishop, 43, 182, 183

Tillotson, Archbishop, 155

Tintern, 149

Tosti, Earl, 137-139, 177

Towton, Battle of, 7, 19, 20, 188-191

Trent, River, 212

Trinity Chapel, Richmond, 76

Turner, 80

Tutbury, 65

Ulphus, 179, 180

Ulphus, Horn of, 180

Upgang, 101

Upleatham, 94

Ure, River, 44, 54, 67

Vaux, Arms of, 165

Victoria, Queen, Accession of, 132

Victory, H.M.S., Surgeons of, 55

Wada the Giant, 99

Wakefield, Battle of, 19

Wakeman, The, of Ripon, 36, 37, 44

Walkington, 212

Walmgate Bar, York, 170, 171

Warwick, Earl of, the Kingmaker, 51, 159, 191

Warwick, Earl of, son of Duke of Clarence, 159, 160

Weathercote Cave, 15

Wensley, 44, 55, 56, 59, 78

Wensleydale, 16, 26, 54-67

Wesley, John, 107

West Ayton, 123

Westminster, 29, 52, 63, 135, 145, 193

West Tanfield, 44-46, 47

Wharfe, River, 16, 17, 21, 22, 23, 81, 187, 189

Wharfedale, 16-25, 26

Wharton, Duke of, 71

Whitby, 36, 99, 101-106, 108, 120, 131, 182, 211

Wilfrid's Needle, 35

William I., 28, 29, 73, 142, 185, 203

William II., 82

William of Hatfield, 176

William the Lion, 74, 83

William of Malmesbury, Quotations from, 103, 138

Worcester, Earl of, 206

Wordsworth, Dorothy, 123

Wordsworth, William, 13, 16, 123

Wressle Castle, 206-208

Yarm, 89, 90

Yordas Cave, 15

Yorebridge, 57

York, 4, 26, 52, 53, 62, 73, 158, 168, 164, 165-187, 189, 201, 205, 220

York Minster, 158, 166, 169, 174-181

York, Richard Duke of, 20, 171

Zetland, Marquess of, 79

Zetland Hotel, Saltburn, 94

* * *

UNWIN BROTHERS, LIMITED, PRINTERS, WOKING AND LONDON.

FOOTNOTES:

[1] Quoted by Speight.

[2] Speight's "Romantic Richmondshire."

[3] See "Nelson's Despatches," vol. vii.

[4] "The Trafalgar Roll," by Col. R. M. Holden, in the United Service Magazine, for October, 1908.

[5] "North Riding of Yorkshire." J. E. Morris.

[6] Croydon.

[7] Many of the facts connected with Selby are derived from Mr. Moody's handbook.

TRANSCRIBER'S NOTES

-Plain print and punctuation errors fixed.

-The transcriber of this project created the book cover image using the front cover of the original book. The image is placed in the public domain.