Chapter 9 No.9

The present Order of insects, although of very limited extent, contains several important species, of which the noisy Cicadas, destructive Aphides, and numerous Bugs, and Lice, can be cited as familiar examples. The Hemiptera may be conveniently divided into the two following groups:-

The Homoptera, comprising all the species in which the anterior wings are entirely membranous, and-

The Heteroptera, including those having the basal portion of the anterior wings thickened, and quite opaque.

These peculiarities have induced some entomologists, who regard the structure of the wings of the greatest importance in classifying, to arrange the insects included in the Homoptera and Heteroptera, into two distinct Orders; but their uniform character in all other respects renders this, I think, hardly desirable.

Group Homoptera.

Family Cicadid?.

Cicada cingulata[22] (Plate XX., fig. 1, 1a pupa).

This beautiful insect may be found in great numbers amongst brushwood during the hot sunny days so common from January till March. Its larva inhabits the earth earlier in the summer, and its curious pupa can often be observed crawling up the stems of trees in order to allow the perfect insect to emerge. After this has taken place the exuvi? still remain firmly attached to the tree, and are very conspicuous objects; but if it is desired to remove them great care must be taken not to break off the legs, which are always very brittle.

The perfect insects are at once betrayed by their loud singing, which, in certain localities, becomes quite deafening. This noise is entirely confined to the males, and proceeds from two large drum-like organs, situated on the under surface of the abdomen near its base, which, in conjunction with the curious ovipositor existing in the females constitute good sexual distinctions throughout the family. The structure of these two organs having been admirably described by several European authors renders it quite unnecessary for me to do so here.

Closely allied to the present insect is Cicada muta, the female of which is depicted on Plate XX., fig. 2. The male is often of a reddish-brown colour, but the insect is an extremely variable one. It is found in similar situations to C. cingulata, but appears rather earlier in the year.

Family Cicadid?.

Cicada iolanthe, n.s. (Plate XX., fig. 3, 3a larva, 3b pupa).

This is the first species of Cicada to appear in the spring, and is found during November and December. Its larva (Fig. 3a) is a curious little animal, the two hind-legs being very long. I am at present unable to state with certainty what constitutes its food, but am extremely doubtful whether it consists of the juices imbibed from the roots of plants, as is generally supposed. The anterior legs, although probably chiefly constructed for digging, appear to be also suited for raptorial purposes, which leads me to believe that the insect may be carnivorous in its habits. The pupa (Fig. 3b) does not materially differ from that of the last, except in size, and its empty exuvia is also frequently found attached to the stems of trees.

The perfect insect may be at once discovered by the peculiarly shrill note emitted by the male.

Family Aphid?.

This family is extensively represented in New Zealand, but as I have not yet been able to obtain any information respecting their specific identity I am compelled to pass them by for the present, hoping that future investigation will reveal much that is interesting in their habits, and also help both gardener and agriculturist to protect himself from their ravages.

Family Coccidid?.

Coelostoma zealandicum (Plate XX., fig. 4 ♂).

This species is figured as a representative of this very curious family chiefly on account of its great similarity to a Dipterous insect, the rudimentary condition of its posterior wings being most perplexing to the beginner. Its habits have been amply described by Mr. Maskell, in his work on the Coccidid? of New Zealand, to which I consequently refer.

Group Heteroptera.

Family Notonectid?.

Corixa zealandica, n.s. (Plate XX., fig. 5).

Abundant throughout the summer in all slow-running streams. The larva closely resembles the imago except that it has no wings. Its food probably consists of the juices of other insects. The present insect invariably swims with its back exposed, thus differing considerably from the English Water-boatman (Notonecta glauca), whose keel-like back is kept beneath the water, while the two long hind-legs are rapidly moved backwards and forwards like oars.

Family Scutellerid?.

Cermatulus nasalis (Plate XX., fig. 6, 6a larva).

This insect may be beaten out of various trees during the summer, and is usually taken in some abundance in February amongst white rata blossoms, on which it may be often observed sucking the honey from the blossoms with its long rostrum. Its larva, which is represented at Fig. 6a, is found in similar situations.

This concludes the series of insects I have selected as representative of the several orders in New Zealand. The brief sketch of entomology thus given is of necessity extremely fragmentary, and many important groups and families are entirely unrepresented. Should, however, this little book induce some of its readers to investigate insects for themselves, I shall feel that my efforts have been amply rewarded.

THE END.

GENERAL INDEX.

PAGE

Abdomen, 4

Acanthoderus, 110

" horridus, 110

" prasinus, 111

Acrocerid?, 56

Acrocera, 56

" longirostris, 56

Achetid?, 112

Acheta, 112

" fuliginosa, 112

Andrenid?, 33

Antenn?, 2

Ants, 35

Ant-lions, 99

Anus, 4

Aphides destroyed by Syrphus, 57

Aphid?, 120

Aphaniptera, 64

Aquatic insects, 22, 40, 100, 103

Argyrophenga, 65

" antipodum, 65

Asilid?, 55

Asthena, 91

" schistaria, 91

" pulchraria, 92

Atta antarctica, 37

Attracting by light, 14

Atropos, 107

" pulsatorium, 107

Bacillus, 110

" hookeri, 110

Beating, 9

Bee parasites, 63

Bees, 33

Beetles, 19

Beetles under sacks, 9

" killing, 10

" pinning, 10

Bibio, 52

" nigrostigma, 52

Blattid?, 109

Blatta, 109

" conjuncta, 109

"Bloodworm", 43

Blossoms, 13

Blue butterfly, 69

"Blue-bottles", 60

Bolitophila, 49

" luminosa, 49

Bombycid?, 73

Bombylid?, 54

Book tick, 107

Boxes, 10

Brachelytra, 25

Brachocera, 54

Breathing organs, 4

Butterflies, 65

" setting, 12

" rearing, 15

Cacoecia, 95

" excessana, 95

Calliphora, 60

" quadrimaculata, 60

Camphor, 17

Catocala, 83

Caloptenus, 115

" marginalis, 115

Caterpillar cages, 15

Carabid?, 21

Carbolic acid, 17

Case-bearing larv?, 74

Casting skin,

111

Ceratopogon, 45

" antipodum, 45

Cermatulus, 121

" nasalis, 121

Ch?tosoma, 24

" scaritides, 24

Chalastra, 84

" pelurgata, 84

Chalcidid?, 37

Chauliodes, 102

" diversus, 102

Chironomus, 43

" zealandicus, 43

" plumosus, 43

Chrysophanus, 68

" salustius, 68

" boldenarum, 68

" feredayi, 68

" enysii, 68

Cicadid?, 118

Cicada, 118

" cingulata, 118

" muta, 119

" iolanthe, 119

Cicindela, 19

" tuberculata, 19

" parryi, 20

Cicindelid?, 19

Clavicornia, 23

Cloniophora, 50

" subfasciata, 50

Clothes moth, 96

Click beetles, 29

Cockchaffer, 27

Cockroaches, 109

Coccidid?, 120

C?lopa, 63

" littoralis, 63

C?lostoma, 120

" zealandicum, 120

Coleoptera, 5, 19

" rearing, 15

" collecting, 9

Collecting insects, 9

" at night, 13

Collection, 17

Collectional journal, 18

Coloburus, 105

Colon, 4

Colymbetes, 22

" rufimanus, 22

Comptosia, 54

" bicolor, 54

" virida, 55

Copper butterflies, 68

Cordulia, 104

" smithii, 104

Corethra, 43

" antarctica, 43

Corixa, 120

" zealandica, 120

Compound eyes, 2

Coxa, 3

Crambus, 93

" flexuosellus, 93

" tahulalis, 93

Crickets, 112

Crop, 4

Ctenopseustis, 96

" obliquana, 96

Culex, 40

" argyropus, 42

" iracundus, 40

Culicid?, 40

Curculionid?, 31

Cylindria, 62

" sigma, 62

Danais, 65

" plexippus, 65

Dasycolletes, 33

" hirtipes, 33

" purpureus, 34

Declana, 83

" floccosa, 83

" floccosa v. junctilinea 84

Deinacrida, 112

" megacephala, 112

Diadema, 65

" nerina, 65

Digestive system, 4

Diptera, 6, 40

Dorcus, 26

" punctulatus, 26

" reticulatus, 26

Dorsal vessel, 4

Dragon-flies, 103

Dryocora, 24

" howittii, 24

Dyticid?, 22

Earwigs, 116

Eggs of insects, 5

Elaterid?, 28

Elytra, 5

Endrosis, 96

" fenestrella, 96

Engid?,

24

Entomologist in winter, 10

Entomological pins, 13

Ephemerid?, 105

Ephemera, 105

Epur?a, 23

" zealandica, 23

Eristalis, 57

" cingulatus, 57

Erana, 78

" graminosa, 78

Erebia pluto and butleri, 66

Euplexoptera, 116

Eurigaster, 60

" marginatus, 60

Exaireta, 56

" spiniger, 56

External organs, 2

Eyes, 2

Family, 8

Femur, 3

Flea, 64

Forficulid?, 116

Forficesila, 116

" littorea, 116

Formicid?, 35

Formica, 35

" zealandica, 35

Ganglia, 4

Genus, 8

Geodephaga, 19

Geometrid?, 83

Geometer, 83

Gerris, 43

Glow-worm, 49

Gilt pins, 13

Gizzard, 4

Grasshopper, 115

Gryllid?, 112

Head, 2

Heart, 4

Heliothis, 81

" armigera, 81

Helophilus, 58

" trilineatus, 58

" ineptus, 59

" hochstetteri, 59

Hemerobiid?, 101

Hemiptera, 8, 118

Hepialus, 70

" virescens, 70

Hepialid?, 69

Heterocera, 69

Heteromera, 29

Heteroptera, 118

Homoptera, 118

Host, 38

Hydradephaga, 22

Hydriomena, 91

" deltoidata, 91

Hymenoptera, 6, 33

Ichneumon, 38

" deceptus, 38

" sollicitorius, 38

Ichneumonid?, 38

Ilium, 4

Imago, 4

Internal organs, 4

Insect, definition of, 1

Isonomeutis, 94

" amauropa, 94

Jaws, 2

Journal, 18

Killing insects, 10, 12

" bottle, 12

Labelling insects, 18

Labial palpi, 2

Labium, 2

Labrum, 2

Lace-wings, 101

Lamellicornes, 26

Larva, 4

Lasiorhynchus, 32

" barbicornis, 32

Laurel bottle, 12

Lepidoptera, 6, 65

Lestes colensonis, 104

Leucania, 78

" atristriga, 78

" nullifera, 77

Libanasa macropathus, 113

Libellulid?, 103

Light, insects at, 14

Locusta, 116

" migratoria (?), 116

Locustid?, 115

Longicornia, 30

Lower lip, 2

Lucanid?, 26

Luminous larva, 49

Lyc?nid?, 68

Lyc?na,

69

" ph?be, 69

Mamestra, 79

" composita, 80

" mutans, 79

" ustistriga, 81

Mandibles, 2

Mantid?, 109

Maxillae, 2

Mayflies, 105

Melampsalta, 118

Melolonthid?, 26

Melolontha, 27

" vulgaris, 27

Mesothorax, 2

Mesonotum, 2

Mesosternum, 2

Metamorphosis, 4

Metablax, 29

" acutipennis, 29

Metathorax, 2

Migrations of ants, 37

Miltogramma, 59

" mestor?, 59

Mosquito, 40

Moths, 69

" setting, 12

Musca, 61

" c?sar, 61

" domestica, 61

Muscid?, 59

Mycetophila, 46

" antarctica, 46

Myrmeleontid?, 99

Nemocera, 40

Nemorea, 59

" nyctemerianus, 59

Nervous system, 4

Net, 11

Neuroptera, 7, 99

Nitidulid?, 23

Noctuid?, 77

Notonectid?, 120

Notonecta, 121

" glauca, 121

Nyctemera, 73

" annulata, 73

Nymphalid?, 65

?ceticus, 74

" omnivorus, 74

?cophora, 97

" schol?a, 97

?dipoda, 115

" cinerascens, 115

?strid?, 63

?strus, 63

" perplexus, 63

Ochrocydus, 31

" huttoni, 31

Orders, 5

Oreda, 31

" notata, 31

Orthoptera, 7, 103

Ovipositor, 38

Oxyethira, 99

" albiceps, 99

Painted Lady Butterfly, 67

Palpi, 2

Parasites, 59

Periplaneta, 109

" fortipes, 109

" orientalis, 109

" undulivitta, 109

Perla, 107

" cyrene, 107

Perlid?, 106

Phasmid?, 110

Philonthus, 25

" ?neus, 25

Phora, 62

" omnivora, 62

Phryganid?, 99

Pinning insects, 12

Pins, 13

Plant-lice, 118

Ploseria, 85

" alectoraria, 86

" hemipteraria, 85

Plusia, 82

" eriosoma, 82

" gamma, 83

Pompilus, 34

" fugax, 34

" " and spider, 35

Porina, 69

" signata, 69

" cervinata, 69

" umbraculata, 69

Ponera, 36

" castanea, 36

Prionid?, 30

Prionus, 30

" reticularis, 30

Pronotum,

2

Prothorax, 2

Prosternum, 2

Proventriculus, 4

Psepholax, 31

" coronatus, 31

Psocid?, 107

Psocus, 107

" zealandicus, 107

Psychid?, 74

Psychoda, 46

" conspicillata, 46

Pteromalus, 37

Pterostichus, 21

" opulentus, 21

Pulicina, 64

Pupa, 4

Pupipara, 64

Pyralid?, 92

Pyrameis, 66

Pyronota, 28

" festiva, 28

Queens, 34

Rearing Insects, 15

Rhopalocera, 65

Rhyncophora, 31

Rhyphus, 51

" neozealandicus, 51

Sandfly, 53

Sarcophaga, 61

" l?mica, 61

Sarapogon, 55

" viduus, 55

Scutellerid?, 121

Scolobates, 39

" varipes, 39

Scoparia, 92

" hemiplaca, 92

" sabulosella, 93

Selidosema, 87

" dejectaria, 87

" panagrata, 89

" productata, 90

Sestra, 87

" humeraria, 87

Setting boards, 12

" insects, 12

Semiocosma, 97

" platyptera, 97

Sialid?, 102

Siculid?, 94

Siculodes, 94

" subfasciata, 94

Simple eyes, 2

Simulia, 53

" australiensis, 53

Skipjack beetles, 29

Social bees, 34

Soldiers, 108

Sphegid?, 34

Sphinx, 69

" convolvuli, 69

Sphingid?, 69

Staphylinus, 25

" oculatus, 25

Stenoperla, 106

" prasina, 106

Stenosmylus, 101

" incisus, 101

Stick insects, 110

Sternoxi, 28

Stethaspis, 26

" suturalis, 26

Stolotermes, 107

" ruficeps, 107

Stomach, 4

" sucking, 4

Stuffing insects, 15

Stratiomid?, 56

Sugaring, 13

Syrphid?, 56

Syrphus, 56

" ortas, 56

Tabanus, 54

" impar, 54

Tatosoma, 91

" agrionata, 91

Tarsus, 3

Telebasis, 105

" zealandica, 105

Tenebrionid?, 29

Tenodera, 109

" intermedia, 109

Termitid?, 107

Thoramus, 28

" wakefieldi, 28

" perblandus, 29

Thorax, 2

Throat, 4

Tinea, 96

" tapezella, 96

Tineid?, 96

Tipula, 47

" holochlora, 47

" fumipennis,

48

Tipulid?, 43

Tortricid?, 94

Trap-door, 71

Trochanter, 3

Uloma tenebrionides, 29

Umbrella, 9

Uropetala carovei, 103

Vanessa cardui, 67

" gonerilla, 66

" itea, 67

Vegetable caterpillar, 73

Ventriculus, 4

Weevils, 32

White rata, 13

Wings, 4

Wireworm, 30

Wood destroyers, 30

Workers, 108

Xantholinus, 26

Xiphidium maoricum, 114

EXPLANATION OF PLATES.

Note.-In all the Plates and references thereto the sign ♂ indicates that the specimen figured belongs to the male sex, ♀ to the female sex, and ? to the neuter sex.

In the case of enlarged figures the insect's natural size is indicated by a line.

PLATE I.

Coleoptera.

Fig. 1.-Cicindela tuberculata.

" 1a.-Larva.

" 2.-Ch?tosoma scaritides.

" 3.-Pterostichus opulentus.

" 3a.-Larva.

" 4.-Colymbetes rufimanus.

" 4a.-Larva.

" 5.-Staphylinus oculatus.

" 6.-Dryocora howittii.

" 6a.-Larva.

" 7.-Dorcus punctulatus.

" 8.-Stethaspis suturalis.

" 8a.-Larva.

PLATE II.

Coleoptera (concluded).

Fig. 1.-Thoramus wakefieldi.

" 1a.-Pupa.

" 1b.-Larva.

" 2.-Uloma tenebrionides.

" 2a.-Larva.

" 2b.-Pupa.

" 3.-Prionus reticularis.

" 3a.-Pupa.

" 3b.-Larva.

" 4.-Oreda notata.

" 4a.-Larva.

" 5.-Psepholax coronatus ♀.

" 5a.-"" ♂.

PLATE III.

Hymenoptera.

Fig. 1.-Dasycolletes hirtipes. (?)

" 2.-Pompilus fugax.

" 3.-Formica zealandica ♂.

" 3a.-"" ♀.

" 3b.-"" ?.

" 3c.-Cocoon.

" 4.-Ponera castanea ♂.

" 4a.-"" ?.

" 4b.-Larva.

" 5.-Atta antarctica ♂.

" 5a.-"" ♀.

" 5b.-Larva.

" 6.-Ichneumon sollicitorius.

" 7.-" deceptus.

" 8.-Scolobates varipes.

" 9.-Pteromalus (?), n.s.

" 10.-Dasycolletes purpureus.

PLATE IV.

Diptera.

Fig. 1.-Culex iracundus ♀.

" 1a.-Larva.

" 1b.-Pupa.

" 2.-Chironomus zealandicus, n.s.

" 2a.-Larva.

" 2b.-Pupa.

" 3.-Corethra antarctica, n.s.

" 3a.-Larva.

" 3b.-Pupa.

" 4.-Ceratopogon antipodum, n.s.

" 4a.-Larva.

" 4b.-Pupa.

" 5.-Mycetophila antarctica, n.s.

" 5a.-Larva.

" 5b.-Pupa.

" 6.-Psychoda conspicillata.

PLATE V.

Diptera (continued).

Fig. 1.-Tipula holochlora.

" 1a.-Larva.

" 1b.-Pupa.

" 2.-Tipula fumipennis, n.s.

" 2a.-Larva.

" 2b.-Pupa.

" 3.-Cloniophora subfasciata.

" 3a.-Larva.

" 4.-Rhyphus neozealandicus.

" 4a.-Larva.

" 4b.-Pupa.

" 5.-Bibio nigrostigma ♂.

" 5a.-Larva.

" 5b.-Pupa.

PLATE VI.

Diptera (continued).

Fig. 1.-Simulia australiensis.

" 1a.-Larva.

" 1b.-Pupa.

" 2.-Comptosia bicolor.

" 3.-Comptosia virida, n.s.

" 3b.-Pupa.

" 4.-Sarapogon viduus.

" 4a.-Larva.

" 4b.-Pupa.

" 5.-Exaireta spiniger.

" 6.-Tabanus impar.

PLATE VII.

Diptera (concluded).

Fig. 1.-Helophilus trilineatus.

" 1a.-Larva.

" 1b.-Pupa.

" 2.-Eristalis cingulatus.

" 3.-Syrphus ortas.

" 3a.-Larva.

" 3b.-Pupa.

" 4.-Acrocera longirostris, n.s.

" 5.-Miltogramma mestor?

" 6.-Nemorea nyctemerianus, n.s.

" 7.-Eurigaster marginatus.

" 9.-Calliphora quadrimaculata.

" 10.-Sarcophaga l?mica.

" 12.-?strus perplexus, n.s.

" 13.-C?lopa littoralis.

" 14.-Cylindria sigma.

" 15.-Phora omnivora, n.s.

" 15a.-Pupa.

PLATE VIII.

Lepidoptera.

Fig. 1.-Argyrophenga antipodum.

" 1a.-Northern form of same insect.

" 2.-Vanessa gonerilla.

" 2a.-Underside.

" 2b, 2c.-Larv?.

" 2d, 2e.-Pup?.

" 3.-Chrysophanus salustius ♂.

" 3a.-"" ♀.

" 3b.-Young larva (magnified).

PLATE IX.

Lepidoptera (continued).

Fig. 1.-Hepialus virescens ♂.

" 1a.-"" ♀.

" 1b.-Pupa.

" 1c.-Larva.

" 2.-Porina signata.

" 3.-Nyctemera annulata ♂.

" 3a.-Larva.

" 3b.-Pupa.

PLATE X.

Lepidoptera (continued).

Fig. 1.-?ceticus omnivorus ♂.

" 1a.-"" ♀.

" 1b.-Larva.

" 1c.-Male pupa.

" 2.-Leucania atristriga ♂.

" 3.-Mamestra composita ♂.

" 3a.-Larva.

" 4.-Heliothis armigera ♂.

" 4a.-Larva.

" 5.-Erana graminosa ♂.

" 5a.-Larva.

" 6.-Mamestra ustistriga, ♂.

" 7.-" mutans ♂.

" 7a.-Larva.

" 7b.-Pupa.

" 8.-Plusia eriosoma ♀.

" 8a.-Larva.

PLATE XI.

Lepidoptera (continued).

Fig. 1.-Declana floccosa ♂.

" 1a.-Larva.

" 1b.-Declana floccosa, var. junctilinea ♂.

" 2.-Chalastra pelurgata ♂.

" 2a.-"" ♀.

" 2b.-Larva.

" 3.-Ploseria hemipteraria.

" 3a.-Larva.

" 4.-Ploseria alectoraria.

(Larva at Plate XIII. fig. 7.)

" 5.-Sestra humeraria.

" 5a.-Larva.

" 6.-Sestra humeraria, var. (?)

" 7.-Selidosema panagrata ♂.

" 7a.-"" ♀.

" 7b.-Larva.

" 8.-Selidosema dejectaria ♂.

" 8a.-"" ♀.

" 8b.-Larva.

PLATE XII.

Lepidoptera (continued).

Fig. 1.-Selidosema productata ♂.

" 1a.-"" ♀.

" 1b.-Larva.

" 2.-Asthena schistaria.

" 2a.-Larva.

" 3.-Siculodes subfasciata.

" 3a.-Larva.

" 3b.-Section of stem showing enclosed pupa and aperture (*) through which moth escapes.

" 4.-Scoparia hemiplaca.

" 5.-Crambus flexuosellus.

" 6.-Ctenopseustis obliquana.

" 7.-Endrosis fenestrella.

" 7a.-Larva.

" 7b.-Pupa.

" 8.-Semiocosma platyptera.

" 8a.-Larva.

" 8b.-Pupa.

PLATE XIII.

Lepidoptera (concluded).

Fig. 1.-Hydriomena deltoidata.

" 1a.-Larva.

" 2.-Isonomeutis amauropa.

" 2a.-Larva.

" 3.-Leucania nullifera.

" 3a.-Larva.

" 4.-Scoparia sabulosella.

" 4a.-Larva.

" 5.-Cacoecia excessana.

" 5a.-Larva.

" 6.-?cophora schol?a.

" 6a.-Larva.

" 7.-Larva of Ploseria alectoraria.

(For imago see Plate XI. Fig. 4.)

PLATE XIV.

Neuroptera.

Fig. 1.-Chauliodes diversus.

" 1a.-Larva.

" 1b.-Pupa.

" 2.-Stenosmylus incisus.

" 3.-Oxyethira albiceps. (?)

" 3a.-Larva.

" 3b.-Pupa.

PLATE XV.

Orthoptera.

Fig. 1.-Uropetala carovei ♂.

" 1a.-Larva.

" 2.-Cordulia Smithii ♂.

" 3.-Lestes Colensonis ♂.

" 3a.-Larva.

" 4.-Telebasis zealandica

PLATE XVI.

Orthoptera (continued).

Fig. 1.-Stolotermes ruficeps ♂.

" 1a.-Female.

" 1b.-Soldier.

" 1c.-Worker.

" 2.-Psocus zealandicus, n.s.

" 2a.-Larva.

" 3.-Stenoperla prasina.

" 3a.-Larva.

" 4.-Ephemera, n.s. (near Coloburus).

" 4a.-Larva.

PLATE XVII.

Orthoptera (continued).

Fig. 1.-Xiphidium maoricum ♂.

" 2.-Tenodera intermedia.

" 3.-?dipoda cinerascens.

" 4.-Caloptenus marginalis.

" 5.-Periplaneta fortipes.

" 6.-Blatta conjuncta.

" 7.-Forficesila littorea.

" 8.-Deinacrida megacephala ♀.

PLATE XVIII.

Orthoptera (continued).

Fig. 1.-Acheta fuliginosa ♀.

" 2.-Deinacrida megacephala ♂.

PLATE XIX.

Orthoptera (concluded).

Fig. 1.-Acanthoderus horridus.

PLATE XX.

Hemiptera.

Fig. 1.-Cicada cingulata ♀.

" 1a.-Pupa.

" 2.-Cicada muta ♀.

" 3.-" iolanthe, n.s.

" 3a.-Larva.

" 3b.-Pupa.

" 4.-C?lostoma zealandicum ♂.

" 5.-Corixa zealandica.

" 6.-Cermatulus nasalis.

" 6a.-Larva.

Notes.

[1] For Lepidoptera I can strongly recommend "Jahncke's Patent Round Boxes" with glass lids. They may be obtained from any chemist, or from Messrs. Sharland & Co., Wholesale Druggists, Wellington.

[2] Metrosideros scandens.

[3] Hyperparasite is an animal parasitic in a parasite.

[4] "Host" is a term applied to any animal harbouring a parasite.

[5] Ovipositor, a boring instrument employed in depositing the eggs.

[6] A genus of Hemipterous insects commonly seen skipping over ponds in England.

[7] "n.s." is the accepted abbreviation for new species.

[8] Thread-like.

[9] For an extended account of these observations see "Transactions of the New Zealand Institute," vol. xxiii. (1890).

[10] Metrosideros scandens.

[11] Or lay eggs.

[12] Scutellum: A horny plate situated on the mesonotum, usually somewhat triangular in form.

[13] For life-history of this insect see page 73.

[14] Mamestra composita, M. mutans, M. ustistriga, Erana graminosa, &c.

[15] This genus, as represented in New Zealand, is often called Pyrameis.

[16] For a more detailed account of the metamorphosis of this insect see The Entomologist, vol. xviii. p. 30.

[17] For accounts of parasites and hyperparasites of this insect see pages 60 and 37, also The Entomologist, vol. xviii. p. 153.

[18] On one occasion I enclosed a full-grown caterpillar of this insect in a pot of earth with a recently formed Noctua pupa, whose internal portions it immediately devoured, employing the empty shell of the unfortunate chrysalis as a cocoon. It is impossible to say whether this horrible proceeding often occurs in a state of nature.

[19] The Libellulid?, Ephemerid?, Perlid?, Psocid?, and Termitid? are usually included in the Neuroptera.

[20] One mutilated ♀ specimen of this insect was sent to Mr. McLachlan, but was too imperfect to describe from.

[21] For account of the earlier stages of this, or a closely allied insect, see "Transactions of New Zealand Institute," vol. xvi. p. 114.

[22] This genus is frequently called Melampsalta.