The Clergyman's Hand-book of Law: The Law of Church and Grave

Identity of name or party, 256.

Illegal action, void, 141.

Illegitimate, custody, 362.

Immoral character, child, 352.

Impediments, marriage, 480.

Imprisonment, false, 387.

Improvements, cemetery lot, 447.

Income perquisites, 105.

Incorporated, liability, 119;

powers, purposes, 125;

charter, by-laws, 154.

Incorporation of church, 62, 64;

congregation, 65, 77.

Incorporeal hereditament, pew, 238.

Independent society, status, 124.

Indians, wards, citizens, 371.

Indigent soldiers, tombstones, 424.

Induction, informal, 96.

Infallibility, judges, 482;

comparisons, 482.

Infancy, marriage, convent, 366, 368.

Inherits, right of burial, 437.

Injunction, 479, 448, 312, 213, 140.

Injuries, liability, 471.

Innovations of doctrine, 308.

Insane, libel, slander, 383.

Inscriptions, offensive, 443.

Inspectors of election, 186;

of Indian schools, 373.

Institutions, charitable, 328;

damage suits, 336, 470;

public and private, 341.

Instrument of punishment, 364.

Insubordinate, discipline, 90.

Insubordination, trial, 139.

Insurance, divorce, 478.

Interest, adverse of officer, 160;

must have to sue, 217.

Interrupt religious service, 404.

J

Jews, constitution, 12;

Sunday, Sabbath, 412.

Judge of church court, 207;

may question witness, 222.

Judicial notice, 219;

not of church law, 265.

Jurisdiction, church court, 196;

notice of trial, 303;

U. S. cemeteries, 422.

Juror of church court, 207.

Justification, libel, slander, 395.

K

Key, evidence of possession, 169.

Kin, cemetery rights, 437, 441, 449, 453;

custody of corpse, 457, 463, 464;

damages for mutilation, 463.

Land, vested titles, 240;

Texan church, 269;

quantity limitation, 283, 305.

Language, libel, slander, 383.

[pg 258] Law and religion, 1;

religious liberty, 415.

Lay members, officers, 121.

Lease of pews, 248;

exempt property, 300;

with government, 345.

Leave to purchase, 280.

Legal notice, 71;

rights, church courts, 198.

Legatee, uncertain, 271, 322, 323.

Legitimatized child, 363.

Liability of individuals, 54.

Libel and slander, 377, 382;

what may be, 377, 395.

Liberty, juvenile, 376.

License to do an act, 454;

revoking, resisting, 475.

Lien for purchase money, 301.

Limits of cemetery, 430.

Limited debt by by-laws, 74;

authority of inferior, 88.

Limitation, statutes of, 206;

land holding, 283, 305.

Liquor, libel and slander, 384;

near religious meeting, 404.

Loan to priest for church, 173.

Local corporation, power, 84.

Lord's Prayer, schools, 346, 218.

Lots given as subscription, 255;

cemetery, title, 440.

Lots isolated, taxed, 330.

M

Mail, prohibited, 419.

Major excommunication, 132.

Majority, what is, 80, 146, 151, 185;

unlawful acts, 128, 151, 289;

board, committee, 360.

Malice, libel and slander, 377.

Management, corporation, 57;

temporal affairs, 66;

factions, 211.

Mandamus, when issued, 140.

Manumission of child, 368.

Marriage, record of, 191;

infants, consent, 368;

Sunday promise, 410;

impediments, 480;

public school pupil, 357.

Maryland, cemetery law, 426.

Mass defined, 29.

Masses, bequests for, 316.

Masonic Order, charity, 333.

Materials, liability, 56.

Maternal relatives, child, 361.

Meetings of corporation, 80;

notice, time, place, 176;

consent, 60, 179.

Members, corporation, 65, 253;

slander of, 378;

cemetery owners, 428, 445.

Membership in church, 114;

society members, 61;

officers, 156;

condition, bequest, 320.

Methodist division, 130;

coalition, 310;

Presbyterians, 310.

Middle Ages, growth of law, 12.

Minister, definition, 32;

authority of Protestant, 81;

deposed, 104;

dismissal of, 109.

Minor, not church voter, 115 (see infant);

ex-communication, 87, 131.

Minutes, evidence, how kept, 189.

Misnomer, proof, 256.

Missions, California, 268.

Mississippi, bigotry, 50, 334.

[pg 259] Mistake, in deed or will, 317.

Misuse of property, 291.

Money, officers, 164;

stolen title, gift, 483;

responsibility for, 172;

gift to charity, 483;

sewing circle, 175;

congregation, 274;

advanced by priest, 109.

Monks, land, 268.

Monuments, free, 423, 424;

offensive, 443, 467;

injuring, 421, 423, 429.

Mortgage, foreclosure, 232;

bishop's authority, 261;

cemetery lot, 432;

church property, 264.

Mortmain, where in force, 340.

Mother, child, 362, 366.

Mother Church, heresy, 122.

Mother-in-law, tombstone, 468.

Mummy, property in, 465.

Murder, correcting child, 364.

Mutilation of corpse, 462, 463, 464.

"My wife, Anna Jones," will, insurance, 478.

N

Name, change of corporate, 69;

importance, record, 195;

error in bequest or deed, 317.

Natural Justice, influence, 5.

Necessaries, what are, 416.

Necessity, work of, 409.

Negligence, liability, 336, 470.

Negroes, burial of, 456.

Newspaper, criticism of priest, 385;

criticism of dead, 393.

New York church law, 50.

Non-baptized, burial, 443.

Non-members, burial of, 443;

officers, 116.

Non-residence, right of burial, 458.

Non-slave-holding, Methodists, 130.

Note, authority to make, 160;

when church bound, 163;

signers bound, 170.

Notice, legal, 71, 176, 264;

due notice necessary, 146, 176;

special meeting, 178, 264;

service of, 180;

waiver of, 205;

given on Sunday, 410.

Nuns, individual property, 342.

Nuisance, cemetery, 434.

O

Obituary, libel, 392.

Object of juvenile courts, 376.

Obscene language, mail, 419.

Offense at common law, 401;

under statutes, 396.

Office, religious qualifications, 48;

membership qualifications, 156.

Officers, duties, rights, 63;

non-members, 156, 116;

libel, 392.

Official communication, libel, 379.

Ohio, Bible, 347.

Overdraft, authority, 160.

Orphan asylums, public money, 344.

P

Parent and child, duties, rights, 343;

direct studies, 353.

Parish, definition, 30;

incorporating, 51;

pastor's relation, 91.

[pg 260] Parishioner, definition, 30.

Parsonage, use, 53;

rented, taxes, 332.

Parochial schools, 343.

Partners, unincorporated church, 54.

Parties to suits, 76, 214.

Pastoral duties, slander, 380.

Pastor, liability for salary, 55;

relations terminated, 91.

Paying money to deposed clergy, 213.

Permission from superior, 101.

Personalty, church on rollers, 299.

Perversion of property, 291.

Persecutions, promoted law, 8.

Pew, right to occupy, 242, 244;

removal from, 247.

Pew rent of deceased, 249;

qualification of voter, 250.

Pew rights, 231-250.

Philosophical foundations of law, 4.

Physician, Sunday, 411;

Christian Scientist, 42, 417;

furnishing for family, 416.

Place, notice of meeting, 143.

Police power, cemeteries, 429.

Politics, minister, arrest, 418.

Poll list of church voters, 145.

Policemen, arrest, 474.

Pollution of water, 431.

Pope, superior authority, 82.

Possession, key indicates, 168.

Powers of corporation, 164.

Prayer in school, 348;

meeting, notice, 187.

Presbyterians and Methodists, 310.

Preserve order, priest, 403.

Preside, who may, 159.

President, Indians, trade, 374.

Presumptions, church law, 228.

Presiding officer, 183.

Presumed authority, 101.

Priest, bishop not liable for salary, 98;

fellow-servant of bishop, 95;

semi-servant, 98;

removal, trial, 99, 199;

borrowing money for church, 173;

possession of, 98, 197;

deed in priest's name, 267;

agent of bishop, 270;

excommunication, slander, 380;

newspaper criticism, 385;

using force, order, 403;

excluding disorderlies, 474;

witness, privilege, 221, 222;

answers, 222;

suits by and against, 208.

Priesthood, discipline, 89;

bequest to educate for, 324.

Principal service, notice, 180.

Private school, disturbing, 399.

Privacy, confessor, 100.

Privileges of church court, 196;

witness, 221, 222;

cemetery, 441.

Privileged, confessions, 221;

official communications, 379.

Probable cause, slander, arrest, 390.

Procedure in church court, 207.

Process to obtain jurisdiction, 303.

Profanity, a crime, 407.

[pg 261] Profane language in church, 397;

swearer, libel, 393.

Promise, consideration, 234, 236.

Proof of the notice, 182;

crime, 407.

Proper record in parish, 194.

Property, title in whom, 63;

confiscation, 94;

execution against, 118;

custody of, 197;

factions, 211;

restrictions on amount, 304;

of nuns, 342;

in a corpse, 465.

Protest against burial, 453.

Protestant, who is a, 43;

New Hampshire, 43;

superior authority, 81;

services in schools, 29;

teacher, taxes for, 47.

Public institutions, support, 341;

cemeteries, 433;

school Bible, 348;

religious services in, 29;

residence of pupils, 359;

health, cemetery, 434.

Punishment in school, 354, 355;

by parent, 364.

Purposes of a gift or bequest, 278;

acquired for church, 282;

leased lands, 300;

exempt from taxes, 329.

Q

Quarrel, secession, 130.

Quasi-public corporations, 26.

Quit-claim, conditions, 286.

Quorum, number necessary, 80;

who counted, 146;

majority, 185, 80, 146.

R

Rations for Indian schools, 375.

Real estate taxes, 51;

purposes, held for, 282;

changing purpose, 339.

Rebuilding, pewholders, 245.

Rector or pastor, 33.

Rector, induction, 96;

charges against, 384.

Record, keeping, 195.

Recording marriage, 480.

Redress of priest, dismissal, 199.

Reformation and law, 13;

pews rented, sold, 237.

Reformatories, juvenile courts, 376.

Regular church organization, 70, 111.

Regulation of cemeteries, 433.

Relation of pastor to parish, 91.

Relatives, abandoned cemetery, 449.

Religion, ancient, 2;

corporations, 26;

definition, 34;

Christian, 24;

influence on law, 1;

crime under, 40;

anti-religion, freedom, 41;

guardian proselyte, 365;

crimes against, 406.

Religious garb, 28, 49;

liberty, 18, 28, 49, 415;

membership, 110, 111;

service, consideration, 230;

tests, 35;

tolerance, 18, 28;

society, 20, 23;

worship, 29.

Remedies in church court, 204.

Remodeling, pewholders, 245.

Removal, of clergy, 201;

of animal carcasses, 452;

of building, 275;

of corpse, 460, 461.

Rented pews, 237;

parsonage, 332;

priest's rights, 240.

Repair of cemetery, 471.

Repeating slander, 395.

[pg 262] Residence of students, 477.

Res judicata, 482.

Restrictions on property, 304;

corporation, 249.

Residents of district, 359.

Resulting trust, 327.

Revenues of parish, 279.

Revert, lands when, 294, 295.

Revocable license, 454.

Reorganization of corporation, 79.

Ridicule of holy beings, 406.

Right, natural, law, 3;

constitutional, 43;

possession, key, 168;

vested property, 292, 210;

adoption, child, 367;

burial, 437, 439;

custody of corpse, 466;

to occupy a pew, 242.

Riot, county liable, 52.

"Robbed," libel, slander, 389.

Rome, source of law, 5.

Roman Catholic Church, 82.

Roman law in England, 16.

Rules of church, 114;

voters in church, 184;

evidence, 193, 219-229;

title in name of bishop, 266;

diocesan, cemeteries, 455.

S

Sabbath, violation of, 218.

Sacraments, slander, 391.

Salary, priest's, 55, 95;

lien for, 301.

Sale in perpetuity, of pew, 241;

of church property, 258.

Saloon near church, 475.

Schism, secession, 130.

School, Indian, 372, 375;

public, 343, 344;

parochial, 343;

house, church, 351;

master, authority, 355;

moneys, orphanages, 344.

Seats, free, 248.

Secession, result, 72, 130;

property, funds, 123, 319;

debts of church, 126.

Secret societies, 221.

Sect, definitions, 27, 58, 94, 313.

Sectarianism, 27, 28, 29.

Sectarian, 28;

Bible, 375.

Secular courts and church, 204;

matters, doctrinal, 84;

work, Sunday, 413.

Selling pew on execution, 246.

Sentence, publishing libel, 133.

Sepulture, right of, 140.

Sermon, slander, 388.

Servant, priest of bishop, 98.

Services, pay for, 108;

wife's in home, 370;

divine, disorder, 402;

religious, 29.

Seventh-Day observers, 412.

Sewing circle, moneys, 175.

Sexton, salary, 174;

authority in church, 314.

Shakers, property of, 58.

Sick, bells disturbing, 479.

Signature, "Nalty Family," 234.

Sins and crimes, 396.

Sisters, hospital, public money, 44.

Slander at trial, 203.

Slave-holding, Methodists, 130.

Smoking in church, 397.

Societies, members, 61;

distinct from congregation, 124;

Sunday meetings, 413;

governed by laws, 472;

bishop's control of, 473;

secret, 221.

Sold pews, 237.

Soldiers' tombstones, 423.

Sovereignty, meaning, 38.

Spanish territory, church, 277.

[pg 263] Special damages, slander, 394.

Special law, incorporation, 62;

meeting, notice, 178;

purpose, money given for, 235.

Spiritual authority, 87.

Standard of doctrine, 25, 29.

Stara decisis, 482.

State authority, cemeteries, 425.

States, each sovereign, 38;

restrictions in church lands, 304;

education, books, 343, 349;

cemeteries, 459, 421.

Statutes, wills, bequests, 315;

cemeteries, 421, 426.

Stipulation, cemetery, 454.

Strangers, voting, 146;

burial in cemetery, 443;

stranger in lot, 453.

Students, voters, where, 477.

Studies, control of school, 353.

Subordinate organization, 125.

Subsequent laws to constitution, 68.

Subscriptions, right to solicit, 102;

unpaid, liability, 119, 234;

consideration, 234, 236;

lot given as, 255;

Sunday, 411;

special purpose of, 235.

Successors, officers, 150, 158;

bishop's, 287.

Suits, parties, 76, 217;

must have right, 76, 94, 235;

in name of one for others, 214;

prevent perverted use, 291;

priest, 208.

Sunday, services in school, 351;

violations of, 408;

when begins and ends, 414.

Sunday school, church, 29, 398.

Superioress, liability, 172.

Supporting church, state, 334.

Support, test of membership, 111.

Suspension by bishop, 201.

Surgeon at hospital, 337.

T

Tax to support Protestantism, 47;

on pews, 243;

incorporation, 51.

Taxes, bishop's residence, 265, 331.

Teacher, religious exercise, 346;

studies of pupils, 353.

Temporal affairs, corporation, 66, 309.

Term of office, 158.

Testimony, church court, 203;

on trial privileged, 386.

Test oath, unconstitutional, 36.

Texan Revolution, church, 269.

Text-books, board controls, 349.

Thanks as pay, 166.

Theory of church crimes, 405.

Time of meeting, 143;

condition, deed, gift, 284;

disturbance of meeting, 402.

Title, deed, 254;

adverse possession, 257;

proof of, 265, 266, 280;

monks in California, 268;

divided church, 290;

mortmain, 340;

cemetery lot, 439.

Tobacco, use of, slander, 384.

Tolling bell, slander, 392;

when nuisance, 479.

[pg 264] Tombstones, 423, 424;

right to put up, 468.

Torts, church courts, 292;

corpse, mutilating, 463.

Trades taught Indians, 374.

Traffic, disturbing meeting, 404.

Treasurer, authority of, 162.

Trees, cutting in cemetery, 469.

Trespass in cemetery, 429, 448.

Tribunals, church, 19;

decision of, 97;

procedure privileged, 377, 386.

Trial, injunction against, 99;

church, lawful, 197;

counsel for parties, 200;

judgment, 201;

proceedings privileged, 203.

True religion, 2, 311.

Trust, enforcing, 60;

fraud creating, 171;

courts of equity, 212;

sale in perpetuity, 241;

bishop, land, 262, 287;

evidence of, 273;

vests in whom, 278;

distinguished, 296;

holding for others, 340.

Trustees of church, 58;

disqualified, 134;

duties and powers, 58, 155;

note by trustees, 163;

compensation of, 166;

bequests to, 251;

vacancies, how filled, 288.

Trust funds, 297.

Two-family lot in cemetery, 451.

U

Uncertainty, legatees, 271, 322, 323.

Undertaker, duties, rights, 314.

Undue influence of clergy, 318.

Uniformity, 190.

Unincorporated church, 85, 117;

liability of members, 251;

who may manage, 154.

Unincorporated congregation, 217;

parish, 117.

United States, 422, 227.

Usages, pew rent, perquisites, 105;

election, 148;

proof of church, 228.

Use, special by deed or devise, 53;

for church, pews, 240;

of parish buildings, 276;

distinguished, 296;

forfeited, how, 444.

Vacancy in office, 288.

Vacate cemetery, 459.

Vested rights, 294;

forfeiture, 72, 294.

Violation of discipline, 402.

Virgin, Blessed, mail, 406.

Void, devise or gift, 135;

elections, 143, 177.

Voire dire examination, 222, 225.

Vote of excommunication, 133;

students at college, 477. (See "Ballot," "Usage.")

Voters, qualifications, 144, 184, 250;

poll list of, 145;

challenge of, 186.

Votes, cast, majority, 151;

inspectors, 186;

illegal, effect, 186.

Vows, property rights, 342.

W

Wages of Sisters, 49;

of sexton, 174.

Waiver of notice, 205;

challenge, 186.

Warden, wages, 174;

authority, 174.

[pg 265] Wards, Indians are, 371;

religion of, 365.

Wedding pranks, unlawful, 481.

Well, cemetery polluting, 431.

White children, public schools, 357.

Will, conditions, 285;

under statutes, 315;

slander by will, 382;

disposing of corpse, 457, 466.

Wisconsin's statutes, 50.

Wisconsin Industrial School for Girls, 28.

Withdrawal from church, 127.

Witness in church trial, 207;

civil courts, 222.

Worship, who determines, 308;

religious, 29.

Written notice required, 187.

Y

Y. M. C. A., taxes, 476.

[pg 267]

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[pg 269] HOLY BIBLE, THE. Ordinary Edition, Cloth, 1.25, and in finer bindings up to 5.00. India Paper Edition, 3.50 to 6 00

HOLY EUCHARIST. St. Alphonsus Liguori. net, 1 50

HOLY HOUR, THE. Keiley. 0 15

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HOW TO COMFORT THE SICK. Krebs, C.SS.R. 0 50

HOW TO MAKE THE MISSION. Dominican Father. Paper, 0 10

IMITATION OF CHRIST. See "Following of Christ."

IMITATION OF THE SACRED HEART. Arnoudt. 1 25

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INDEX TO WORKS OF ST. ALPHONSUS LIGUORI. Geiermann, C.SS.R. Paper. net, 0 10

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INTERIOR OF JESUS AND MARY. Grou, S.J. 2 vols. net, 2 00

INTRODUCTION TO A DEVOUT LIFE. St. Francis de Sales. 0 50

LADY, A. Bugg. 0 75

LAWS OF THE KING. Religious H. C. J. 0 35

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LIFE OF CHRIST. Cochem-Hammer. 0 50

LIFE OF CHRIST. Businger. 2 00

LIFE OF HIS HOLINESS POPE PIUS X. 2 00

LIFE OF MADEMOISELLE LE GRAS. 0 50

LIFE OF ST. CATHARINE OF SIENNA. Aymé. 1 00

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LITTLE ALTAR BOY'S MANUAL. 0 20

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LITTLE MANUAL OF ST. ANTHONY. 0 15

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LITTLE MASS BOOK, Lynch. Paper, 0 05

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LITTLE OFFICE OF THE IMMACULATE CONCEPTION. Paper, 0 05

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LOURDES. Clarke, S.J. 0 50

MANUAL OF SELF-KNOWLEDGE AND CHRISTIAN PERFECTION, A. Henry, C.SS.R. 0 50

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MANUAL OF THE HOLY NAME. 0 50

MANUAL OF THE SACRED HEART. 0 35

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MARY THE QUEEN. Religious H. C. J. 0 35

MASS AND VESTMENTS OF THE CATHOLIC CHURCH. Walsh. net, 1 75

MASS DEVOTIONS AND READINGS ON THE MASS. Lasance. 0 85

[pg 270] MASS-SERVER'S CARD. Per doz. 0 35

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MEDITATIONS FOR ALL THE DAYS OF THE YEAR. Hamon, S.S. 5 vols. net, 5 00

MEDITATIONS FOR EVERY DAY IN THE YEAR. Baxter. net, 1 50

MEDITATIONS FOR EVERY DAY IN THE YEAR. Vercruysse, S.J. 2 vols. net, 3 50

MEDITATIONS FOR EVERY DAY IN THE MONTH. Nepveu-Ryan. 0 50

MEDITATIONS ON THE LAST WORDS FROM THE CROSS. Perraud. net, 0 50

MEDITATIONS ON THE LIFE, THE TEACHING, AND THE PASSION OF JESUS CHRIST. Ilg-Clarke. 2 vols. net, 3 50

MEDITATIONS ON THE MYSTERIES OF OUR HOLY FAITH. Barraud, S.J. 2 vols. net, 3 00

MEDITATIONS ON THE PASSION OF OUR LORD. 0 50

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MIDDLE AGES. Shahan. net, 2 00

MISCELLANEOUS WRITINGS OF ST. ALPHONSUS LIGUORI. net, 1 50

MISSAL EXPLAINED, THE. Fleury, S.J. net, 1 85

MISSION BOOK FOR THE MARRIED. Girardey. C.SS.R. 0 50

MISSION BOOK FOR THE SINGLE. Girardey, C.SS.R. 0 50

MOMENTS BEFORE THE TABERNACLE. Russell, S.J. net, 0 50

MORAL PRINCIPLES AND MEDICAL PRACTICE. Coppens, S.J. 12mo. net, 1 00

MORALITY OF MODERN SOCIALISM. Ming, S.J. net, 1 50

MORE SHORT SPIRITUAL READINGS FOR MARY'S CHILDREN. Madame Cecilia. 0 50

MY PRAYER-BOOK. Lasance. Imitation leather, 1.25; India paper, 2.00. With Epistles and Gospels, India paper, 2 25

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OUR FAVORITE DEVOTIONS. Lings. 0 75

OUR FAVORITE NOVENAS. Lings. 0 75

OUTLINES OF DOGMATIC THEOLOGY. Hunter. 3 vols. net, 4 50

OUTLINES OF JEWISH HISTORY, from Abraham to Our Lord. Gigot. 8 vo. net, 1 75

OUTLINES OF NEW TESTAMENT HISTORY. Gigot. net, 1 75

PARADISE ON EARTH OPENED TO ALL. Natale, S.J. net, 0 50

PASSION AND THE DEATH OF JESUS CHRIST. St. Alphonsus Liguori. net, 1 50

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QUEEN'S FESTIVALS, THE. Religious H. C. J. 0 35

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[pg 271] REASONABLENESS OF CATHOLIC CEREMONIES AND PRACTICES. Burke. Paper, 0.15; Cloth, 0 35

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ST. ANTHONY. Ward. 0 50

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SCAPULAR MEDAL. Geiermann, C.SS.R. Paper, 0 05

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STORY OF JESUS SIMPLY TOLD FOR THE YOUNG. Mulholland. 0 60

STORY OF THE ACTS OF THE APOSTLES. Lynch, S.J. net, 1 75

STORY OF THE DIVINE CHILD. Lings. 0 35

STORY OF THE FRIENDS OF JESUS. Religious H. C. J. 0 35

STORIES OF THE MIRACLES OF OUR LORD. 0 35

SUNDAY MISSAL, THE. Lasance. Imitation leather, 0.75; American seal. 1 25

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SUNDAY-SCHOOL TEACHER'S GUIDE. Sloan. 0 50

SURE WAY TO A HAPPY MARRIAGE. Taylor. 0 50

TALKS WITH THE LITTLE ONES ABOUT THE APOSTLES' CREED. Religious H. C. J. 0 35

[pg 272] THOUGHTS AND AFFECTIONS ON THE PASSION OF JESUS CHRIST FOR EVERY DAY OF THE YEAR. Bergamo, O.M.Cap. net, 2 00

THOUGHTS AND COUNSELS FOR THE CONSIDERATION OF CATHOLIC YOUNG MEN. Doss-Wirth. net, 1 25

THOUGHTS ON THE RELIGIOUS LIFE. Lasance. net, 1 50

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TWO SPIRITUAL RETREATS FOR SISTERS. Zollner-Wirth. net, 1 00

VENERATION OF THE BLESSED VIRGIN. Rohner-Brennan. 0 50

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VIGIL HOUR. Ryan, S.J. Paper, 0 10

VISITS TO JESUS IN THE TABERNACLE. Lasance. 1 25

VISITS TO THE MOST HOLY SACRAMENT. St. Alphonsus Liguori. 0 35

VOCATION. Van Tricht-Conniff. Paper, 0 07

VOCATIONS EXPLAINED. Cloth, 0 10

WAY OF INTERIOR PEACE. De Lehen, S.J. net, 1 50

WAY OF SALVATION AND OF PERFECTION. St. Alphonsus Liguori. net, 1 50

WAY OF THE CROSS. Illustrated. Paper, 0 05

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WHAT CATHOLICS HAVE DONE FOR SCIENCE. Brennan. net, 1 25

WHAT THE CHURCH TEACHES. Drury. Paper, 0.30; Cloth, 0 60

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WOMEN OF CATHOLICITY. Sadlier. 0 50

YOUNG MAN'S GUIDE. Lasance. Imitation leather. 0 75

NOVELS.

AGATHA'S HARD SAYING. Mulholland. 1 00

BACK TO THE WORLD. Champol. net, 1 35

BALLADS OF CHILDHOOD. (Poems.) Earls, S.J. net, 1 00

BLACK BROTHERHOOD, THE. Garrold, S.J. net, 1 35

BOND AND FREE. Connor. 0 50

"BUT THY LOVE AND THY GRACE." Finn, S.J. 1 00

BY THE BLUE RIVER. Clarke. net, 1 35

CARROLL DARE. Waggaman. 1 25

CATTLE TRAIL OF THE PRAIRIES. 0 50

CIRCUS-RIDER'S DAUGHTER. Brackel. 0 50

CLIMBING THE ALPS. 0 50

CONNOR D'ARCY'S STRUGGLES. Bertholds. 0 50

CORINNE'S VOW. Waggaman. 1 25

DAUGHTER OF KINGS. A. Hinkson. 1 25

DION AND THE SIBYLS. Keon. 0 50

DOUBLE KNOT, A. AND OTHER STORIES. 0 50

ELDER MISS AINSBOROUGH. Taggart. 1 25

ESQUIMAUX, THE. 0 50

FABIOLA. Wiseman. 0 50

FABIOLA'S SISTERS. Clarke. 0 50

FATAL BEACON, THE. Brackel. 1 25

FAUSTULA. Ayscough. net, 1 35

FINE CLAY. Clarke. net, 1 35

FLOWERS OF THE CLOISTER. (Poems.) La Motte. 1 25

FORGIVE AND FORGET. Lingen. 0 50

FRIENDLY LITTLE HOUSE, THE, AND OTHER STORIES. 0 50

FURS AND FUR HUNTERS. 0 50

GRAPES OF THORNS. Waggaman. net, 1 25

HANDLING MAIL FOR MILLIONS. 0 50

HEART OF A MAN, THE. Maher. net, 1 35

[pg 273] HEARTS OF GOLD. Edhor. 1 25

HEIRESS OF CRONENSTEIN. Hahn-Hahn. 0 50

HER BLIND FOLLY. Holt. 1 25

HER FATHER'S DAUGHTER. Hinkson. 1 25

HER FATHER'S SHARE. Power. net, 1 25

HER JOURNEY'S END. Cooke. 0 50

IDOLS: OR THE SECRET OF THE RUE CHAUSSEE D'ANTIN. Navery. 0 50

IN GOD'S GOOD TIME. Ross. 0 50

IN THE DAYS OF KING HAL. Taggart. 1 25

IVY HEDGE, THE. Egan. net, 1 35

KIND HEARTS AND CORONETS. Harrison. 1 25

LADY OF THE TOWER, THE, AND OTHER STORIES. 0 50

LIFE UNDERGROUND. 0 50

LIGHT OF HIS COUNTENANCE. Harte. 0 50

"LIKE UNTO A MERCHANT." Gray. net, 1 35

LINKED LIVES. Douglas. net, 1 35

LITTLE CARDINAL, THE. Parr. 1 25

MARCELLA GRACE. Mulholland. 0 50

MARIAE COROLLA. (Poems.) Hill. C.P. 1 25

MARIE OF THE HOUSE D'ANTERS. Earls. S.J. net, 1 35

MELCHIOR OF BOSTON. Earls. S.J. 1 00

MIGHTY FRIEND, THE. L'Ermite. net, 1 35

MIRROR OF SHALOTT. Benson. net, 1 35

MISS ERIN, Francis. 0 50

MONK'S PARDON, THE. Navery. 0 50

MR. BILLY BUTTONS. Lecky. 1 25

MY LADY BEATRICE. Cooke. 0 50

NOT A JUDGMENT. Keon. 1 25

ON PATROL WITH A BOUNDARY RIDER. 0 50

ONLY ANNE. Clarke. net, 1 35

OTHER MISS LISLE, THE. Martin. 0 50

OUT OF BONDAGE. Holt. 1 25

OUTLAW OF CAMARGUE. Lamothe. 0 50

PASSING SHADOWS. Yorke. 1 25

PAT. Hinkson. net, 1 35

PERE MONNIER'S WARD. Lecky. 1 25

PILKINGTON HEIR, THE. Sadlier. 1 25

PRISONERS' YEARS. Clarke. net, 1 35

PRODIGAL'S DAUGHTER, THE. Bugg. 1 00

PROPHET'S WIFE, THE. Browne. 1 25

RED INN OF ST. LYPHAR. Sadlier. 1 25

REST HOUSE, THE. Clarke. net, 1 35

ROAD BEYOND THE TOWN, AND OTHER POEMS. Earls. 1 25

ROSE OF THE WORLD. Martin. 0 50

ROUND TABLE OF AMERICAN CATHOLIC NOVELISTS. 0 50

ROUND TABLE OF FRENCH CATHOLIC NOVELISTS. 0 50

ROUND TABLE OF GERMAN CATHOLIC NOVELISTS. 0 50

ROUND TABLE OF IRISH AND ENGLISH CATHOLIC NOVELISTS. 0 50

RULER OF THE KINGDOM, THE. Keon. 1 25

SECRET CITADEL, THE. Clarke. net, 1 35

SECRET OF THE GREEN VASE, Cooke. 0 50

SENIOR LIEUTENANT'S WAGER, THE, AND OTHER STORIES. 0 50

SHADOW OF EVERSLEIGH, THE. Lansdowne. 0 50

SHIELD OF SILENCE, THE. Henry-Ruffin. net, 1 35

SO AS BY FIRE. Connor. 0 50

SOGGARTH AROON, THE. Guinan. 1 25

SON OF SIRO, Copus. S.J. net, 1 35

STORY OF CECILIA. Hinkson. net, 1 35

STREET SCENES IN DIFFERENT LANDS. 0 50

STUORE. (Stories.) Earls. S.J. 1 00

TEMPEST OF THE HEART, THE. Gray. 0 50

TEST OF COURAGE, THE. Ross. 0 50

THAT MAN'S DAUGHTER. Ross. 1 25

THEIR CHOICE. Skinner. 0 50

THROUGH THE DESERT. Sienkiewicz. net, 1 35

TRAIL OF THE DRAGON, THE, AND OTHER STORIES. 0 50

TRAINING OF SILAS. Devine. 1

[pg 274] TRUE STORY OF MASTER GERARD. Sadlier. 1 25

TURN OF THE TIDE. Gray. 0 50

UNBIDDEN GUEST, THE. Cooke. 0 50

UNDER THE CEDARS AND THE STARS. Sheehan. net, 1 50

UNRAVELLING OF A TANGLE. Taggart. 1 25

UP IN ARDMUIRLAND. Barrett. O.S.B. net, 1 25

VOCATION OF EDWARD CONWAY. Egan. 1 25

WARGRAVE TRUST, THE. Reid. 1 25

WAY THAT LED BEYOND, THE. Harrison. 1 25

WEDDING BELLS OF GLENDALOUGH. Earls. S.J. net, 1 35

WEST AND THE GREAT PETRIFIED FOREST, THE. 0 50

WHEN LOVE IS STRONG. Keon. 1 25

WINNING OF THE NEW WEST, THE. 0 50

WOMAN OF FORTUNE. Reid. 1 25

JUVENILES

ADVENTURE WITH THE APACHES. Ferry. 0 35

ALTHEA. Nirdlinger. 0 50

AS GOLD IN THE FURNACE. Copus. 1 00

AS TRUE AS GOLD. Mannix. 0 35

BELL FOUNDRY. Schaching. 0 35

BERKLEYS, THE. Wight. 0 35

BEST FOOT FORWARD, THE. Finn. 1 00

BETWEEN FRIENDS. Aumerle. 0 50

BISTOURI. Melandri. 0 35

BLISSLYVANIA POST-OFFICE, THE. Taggart. 0 35

BOB O'LINK. Waggaman. 0 35

BROWNIE AND I. Aumerle. 0 50

BUNT AND BILL. Mulholland. 0 35

BY BRANSCOME RIVER. Taggart. 0 35

CAMP BY COPPER RIVER. Spalding. 1 00

CAPTAIN TED. Waggaman. 0 50

CAVE BY THE BEACH FORK. Spalding. 1 00

CHARLIE CHITTYWICK. Bearne. 1 00

CHILDREN OF CUPA. Mannix. 0 35

CHILDREN OF THE LOG CABIN. Delamare. 0 50

CLARE LORAINE. "Lee." 0 50

CLAUDE LIGHTFOOT. Finn. 1 00

COLLEGE BOY, A. Yorke. 1 00

CUPA REVISITED. Mannix. 0 35

CUPID OF CAMPION. Finn. 1 00

DADDY DAN. Waggaman. 0 35

DEAR FRIENDS. Nirdlinger. 0 50

DIMPLING'S SUCCESS. Mulholland. 0 35

ETHELRED PRESTON. Finn. 1 00

EVERY-DAY GIRL, AN. Crowley. 0 35

FAIRY OF THE SNOWS, THE. Finn. 1 00

FIVE BIRDS IN A NEST. Delamare. 0 50

FIVE O'CLOCK STORIES. 0 75

FLOWER OF THE FLOCK, THE. Egan. 1 00

FOR THE WHITE ROSE. Hinkson. 0 35

FRED'S LITTLE DAUGHTER. Smith. 0 35

FREDDY CARR'S ADVENTURES. Garrold. 0 50

FREDDY CARR AND HIS FRIENDS. Garrold. 0 50

GOLDEN LILY, THE. Hinkson. 0 35

GREAT CAPTAIN, THE. Hinkson. 0 35

GUILD BOYS' PLAY AT RIDINGDALE. Bearne. 1 00

HALDEMAN CHILDREN, THE. Mannix. 0 35

HARMONY FLATS. Whitmire. 0 50

HARRY DEE. Finn. 1 00

HARRY RUSSELL. Copus. 1 00

HEIR OF DREAMS, AN. O'Malley. 0 35

HIS FIRST AND LAST APPEARANCE. Finn. 1 00

HOSTAGE OF WAR, A. Bonesteel. 0 35

HOW THEY WORKED THEIR WAY. Egan. 0 50

IN QUEST OF ADVENTURE. Mannix. 0 35

IN QUEST OF THE GOLDEN CHEST. Barton. 0 50

JACK. Religious.H. C. J. 0 35

JACK HILDRETH ON THE NILE. Taggart. 0 50

JACK-O'-LANTERN. Waggaman. 0 35

JUNIORS OF ST. BEDE'S. Bryson. 0 50

[pg 275] JUVENILE ROUND TABLE First Series, Second Series, Third Series. Each 1 00

KLONDIKE PICNIC, A. Donnelly. 0 50

LEGENDS AND STORIES OF THE HOLY CHILD JESUS. Lutz. 0 75

LITTLE APOSTLE ON CRUTCHES. Delamare. 0 35

LITTLE GIRL FROM BACK EAST. Roberts. 0 35

LITTLE LADY OF THE HALL. Ryeman. 0 35

LITTLE MARSHALLS AT THE LAKE. Nixon-Roulet. 0 50

LITTLE MISSY. Waggaman. 0 35

LOYAL BLUE AND ROYAL SCARLET. Taggart. 1 00

MAD KNIGHT, THE. Schaching. 0 35

MADCAP SET AT ST. ANNE'S. Brunowe. 0 35

MAKING OF MORTLAKE. Copus. 1 00

MARKS OF THE BEAR CLAWS. Spalding. 1 00

MARY TRACY'S FORTUNE. Sadlier. 0 35

MELOR OF THE SILVER HAND. Bearne. 1 00

MILLY AVELING. Smith. 0 50

MIRALDA. Johnston. 0 35

MORE FIVE O'CLOCK STORIES. 0 75

MOSTLY BOYS. Finn. 1 00

MYSTERIOUS DOORWAY. Sadlier. 0 35

MYSTERY OF CLEVERLY. Barton. 0 50

MYSTERY OF HORNBY HALL. Sadlier. 0 50

NAN NOBODY. Waggaman. 0 35

NED RIEDER. Wehs. 0 50

NEW BOYS AT RIDINGDALE. Bearne. 1 00

NEW SCHOLAR AT ST. ANNE'S. Brunowe. 0 50

OLD CHARLMONT'S SEED-BED. Smith. 0 35

OLD MILL ON THE WITHROSE. Spalding. 1 00

ON THE OLD CAMPING GROUND. Mannix. 1 00

OUR LADY'S LUTENIST. Bearne. 1 00

PANCHO AND PANCHITA. Mannix. 0 35

PAULINE ARCHER. Sadlier. 0 35

PERCY WYNN. Finn. 1 00

PERIL OF DIONYSIO, THE. Mannix. 0 35

PETRONILLA, AND OTHER STORIES. Donnelly. 0 50

PICKLE AND PEPPER. Dorsey. 1 00

PILGRIM FROM IRELAND. Carnot. 0 35

PLAYWATER PLOT, THE. Waggaman. 0 50

POLLY DAY'S ISLAND. Roberts. 1 00

POVERINA. Buckenham. 0 50

QUEEN'S PAGE, THE. Hinkson. 0 35

QUEEN'S PROMISE, THE. Waggaman. 0 50

QUEST OF MARY SELWYN. Clementia. 1 00

RACE FOR COPPER ISLAND. Spalding. 1 00

RECRUIT TOMMY COLLINS. Bonesteel. 0 35

RIDINGDALE FLOWER SHOW. Bearne. 1 00

ROMANCE OF THE SILVER SHOON. Bearne. 1 00

ST. CUTHBERT'S. Copus. 1 00

SANDY JOE. Waggaman. 1 00

SEA-GULL'S ROCK. Sandeau. 0 35

SEVEN LITTLE MARSHALLS. Nixon-Roulet. 0 35

SHADOWS LIFTED. Copus. 1 00

SHEER PLUCK. Bearne. 1 00

SHERIFF OF THE BEECH FORK. Spalding. 1 00

SHIPMATES. Waggaman. 0 50

STRONG-ARM OF AVALON. Waggaman. 1 00

SUGAR CAMP AND AFTER. Spalding. 1 00

SUMMER AT WOODVILLE, A. Sadlier. 0 35

TALES AND LEGENDS OF THE MIDDLE AGES. Capella. 0 75

TALISMAN, THE. Sadlier. 0 50

TAMING OF POLLY, THE. Dorsey. 1 00

THAT FOOTBALL GAME. Finn. 1 00

THAT OFFICE BOY. Finn. 1 00

THREE LITTLE GIRLS, AND ESPECIALLY ONE. Taggart. 0 35

TOLD IN THE TWILIGHT. Salome. 0 50

TOM LOSELY: BOY. Copus. 1 00

TOM PLAYFAIR. Finn. 1 00

TOM'S LUCK-POT. Waggaman. 0 35

TOORALLADDY. By Julia C. Walsh. 0 35

[pg 276] TRANSPLANTING OF TESSIE. Waggaman. 0 50

TREASURE OF NUGGET MOUNTAIN. Taggart. 0 50

TWO LITTLE GIRLS. Mack. 0 35

UNCLE FRANK'S MARY. Clementia. 1 00

UPS AND DOWNS OF MARJORIE. Waggaman. 0 35

VIOLIN MAKER, THE. Adapted by Sara Trainer Smith. 0 35

WAYWARD WINIFRED. Sadlier. 1 00

WINNETOU, THE APACHE KNIGHT. Taggart. 0 50

WITCH OF RIDINGDALE. Bearne. 1 00

YOUNG COLOR GUARD. Bonesteel. 0 35

* * *

Footnotes

1.

U. S. Constitution, Amendments, art. i, art. xiv, sec. 1.

2.

Lives of the Popes, Montor, vol. i, p. 94; Life of Leo XIII, "Philippine Question."

3.

The Science of Jurisprudence, Taylor, p. 506; Historical Jurisprudence, Lee, p. 328.

4.

Ancient Egypt, Rawlinson, vol. i, p. 323.

5.

Historical Jurisprudence, Lee, pp. 98, 164, 274; History of England, Lingard, vol. i, c. vii; The Science of Jurisprudence, Taylor, p. 506.

6.

Historical Jurisprudence, Lee, p. 257.

7.

Historical Jurisprudence, Lee, p. 271.

8.

The Beginnings of Christianity, Shahan, 90.

9.

Elements of Ecclesiastical Law, Smith.

10.

Historical Jurisprudence, Lee, p. 387; Justinian, Sandar, p. 21.

11.

The Beginnings of Christianity, Shahan.

12.

Universal Church History, Alzog.

13.

Law Dictionary, Bouvier, "Benefit of Clergy," "Canon Law"; Blackstone, vol. i, p. 460, vol. iii, p. 61.

14.

Blackstone, vol. i, p. 461.

15.

Justinian, Sandar, p. 21; Cyc, vol. viii, p. 366, vol. xiv, p. 1228; Eq. Jurisprudence, Pomeroy, vol. i, p. 1; The Science of Jurisprudence, Taylor, p. 255 et seq; Blackstone, vol. i, pp. 18-20, 63; Kent, vol. i, p. 10; English Constitution, Creasy.

16.

Blackstone, vol. i, p. 82, vol. iv, c. 33; The Science of Jurisprudence, Taylor, p. 337; Conflict of Laws, Wharton, sec. 172.

17.

The American Cyclopedia, "Bologna."

18.

The Science of Jurisprudence, Taylor, p. 238.

19.

Blackstone, vol. i, pp. 18-20, 79, vol. iv, c. 33.

20.

Commentaries, Kent, vol. i, c. xi, pp. 342, 473, 515, 525-544, vol. ii, p. 27; Origin and Nature of the Constitution and Government of U. S., U. S. Sup. Ct. Reps., 9 L. Ed., 873.

21.

Commentaries, Kent, vol. i, p. 472; Blackstone, vol. i, p. 107.

22.

Commentaries, Kent, vol. ii, pp. 35-37; Conflict of Laws, Wharton (3rd ed.), vol. ii, pp. 1327-8.

23.

Law of Fraternities, Scanlan, ch. xxiv; Conflict of Laws, Wharton, sec. 109; Baxter v. McDonald, 155 N. Y., 83; 49 N. E., 667; Morris v. Dart, 67 S. C, 338; 45 S. E., 753; 100 Am. St. R., 734; Terrett v. Taylor, 13 U. S., 43; 3 L. Ed., 650.

24.

Weld v. May, 9 Cushing, Mass., 181.

25.

Martin v. State, 65 Tenn., 234.

26.

A Manual of Catholic Theology, Wilhelm and Scannell, p. xvii, et seq.

27.

A Catholic Dictionary, Addis and Arnold, "Dogma."

28.

In re St. Louis Inst. of Christian Science, 27 Mo. App., 633.

29.

Hale v. Everett, 53 N. H., 9.

30.

State v. Trustees, 7 Ohio St., 58.

31.

Kniskern v. Lutheran Church, 1 Sandford, N. Y., Ch. 439.

32.

State v. Hallock, 16 Nev., 373.

33.

Stephenson v. Hanyon, 7 Dist. Ct. Rep. Pa., 585.

34.

State v. Board, 134 Mo., 296; 35 S. W., 617.

35.

Synod v. State, 2 S. Dak., 366; 50 N. W., 632; 14 L. R. A., 418.

36.

Stebbins v. Jennings, 10 Pick., Mass., 172.

37.

State v. District Board, 76 Wis., 177; 44 N. W., 967; 20 Am. St. Rep., 41; 7 L. R. A., 330.

38.

Hackett v. Brooksville, 27 Ky. L., 1021; 87 N. W., 792; 69 L. R. A., 592.

39.

State v. Board, 134 Mo., 296; 35 S. W., 617; 56 Am. St. Rep., 503.

40.

County v. Industrial School, 125 Ill., 540; 18 N. E., 183; 1 L. R. A., 437; 8 Am. St. Rep., 386.

41.

"Wis. Industrial School for Girls," Wisconsin Blue Book. Session Laws of Wis., 1907, p. 1416 (index to Acts). Wis. Industrial School for Girls v. Clark Co., 103 Wis., 651; 79 N. W., 422.

42.

O'Connor v. Hendrick, 184 N. Y., 421; 77 N. E., 612.

43.

Hysong v. Gallitzen, 164 Pa., 629; 30 At., 482; 44 Am. St. Rep., 623; 26 L. R. A., 203; Dorner v. School Dist., 118 N. W., 353 (Nov. 27, 1908). A good résumé of the subject is given in a footnote in 105 Am. St. R., 151.

44.

Stafford v. State, 45 So., 673. A Protestant Dictionary, Wright & Neil, and Webster's Dictionary, "Worship." A Catholic Dictionary, Addis and Arnold, "Latria."

45.

Gass's App., 73 Pa., 46; 13 Am. Rep., 726; State v. Norris, 59 N. H., 536.

46.

St. Joseph's Church v. Assessors, 12 R. I., 19; 34 Am. R., 597; Gerke v. Purcell, 25 Ohio, 229; Am. & Eng. Ency. of L., "Worship."

47.

Ante, 28; Post, 346.

48.

Catholic Catechism.

49.

Sherman v. Baker, 20 R. I., 446; 40 At., 11; 40 L. R. A., 717.

50.

Webster v. Surghow, 69 N. H., 380; 45 At., 139; 48 L. R. A., 100.

51.

Coleman v. O'Leary, 114 Ky., 388; 70 S. W., 1068.

52.

McEntee v. Bonacum, 66 Neb., 651; 92 N. W., 633.

53.

American and English Encyclopedia of Law, "Parishoner."

54.

Ibid., "Minister"; 7 Cyc, 189, "Clergy."

55.

Ibid.

56.

Ibid.

57.

Davies v. Beason, 133 U. S., 333; 33 L. Ed., 637.

58.

Simpson v. Welcome, 72 Me., 496.

59.

Board v. Minor, 23 Ohio St., 250.

60.

Baxter v. Langley, 38 L. J., M. C., 1.

61.

Art. vi.

62.

Ex parte Garland, 4 Wallace, 333; 18 L. Ed., 366.

63.

Church of Latter-Day Saints v. U. S., 136 U. S., 1; 34 L. Ed., 478; 140 U. S., 665; 35 L. Ed., 592.

64.

Reynolds v. United States, 8 Otto, 145; 25 L. Ed., 244.

65.

Church of Latter-Day Saints v. U. S., 136 U. S., 1; 34 L. Ed., 478; 140 U. S., 665; 35 L. Ed., 592.

66.

Davis v. Beason, 133 U. S., 333; 33 L. Ed., 637.

67.

Fenelon v. Girard, 2 Howard, 127; 11 L. Ed., 205.

68.

State v. Marble, 72 Ohio St., 21; 73 N. E., 1063; State v. Chenoweth, 163 Ind., 94; 71 N. E., 197; People v. Reetz, 127 Mich, 87; 86 N. W., 396; 59 Cen. L. J., 202; 68 L. R. A., 432.

69.

Thaxter v. Jones, 4 Mass., 570.

70.

Hale v. Everett, 53 N. H., 9.

71.

Federal and State Constitutions, Stimson.

72.

Bradford v. Roberts, 175 U. S., 291; 44 L. Ed., 168; 20 Sup. Ct. R., 121; Municipality of Ponce v. The Roman Catholic Apostolic Church, 28 Sup. Ct. R., 737 (1908).

73.

Terrett v. Taylor, 9 Cranch, 43; 3 L. Ed., 650; Municipality, etc., v. Church, 28 Sup. Ct. R., 737.

74.

Millard v. Board, 19 Ill., 48; Dorner v. Dist., 118 N. W., 353.

75.

Ashby v. Wellington, 25 Mass., 524.

76.

Federal and State Constitutions, Stimson, p. 139; Hale v. Everett, 53 N. H., 9.

77.

State v. Trustees, 11 Ohio, 24.

78.

First v. Leach, 35 Vt., 108.

79.

Federal and State Constitutions, Stimson, p. 139.

80.

State v. District, 76 Wis., 177; 44 N. W., 967; 20 Am. St. R., 41; 7 L. R. A., 330.

81.

Church v. Bullock, 100 S. W. (Tex.), 1025; Millard v. Board, 121 Ill., 297; 10 N. E., 669; Hackett v. Brooksville, 27 Ky. L., 1021; 87 S. W., 792; 69 L. R. A., 592; 61 C. L. J., 49.

82.

Church v. Bullock, 100 S. W., 1025.

83.

Moore v. Monroe, 64 Ia., 367; 20 N. W., 475; 66 L. R. A., 166; 52 Am. R., 444; Pfeiffer v. Board, 118 Mich., 560; 77 N. W., 250; 42 L. R. A., 536.

84.

Hysong v. Gallitzin Borough School, 164 Pa. St., 629; 30 At., 482; 26 L. R. A., 203; Dorner v. School District, 118 N. W., Wis., 353 (Nov. 27, 1908).

85.

O'Connor v. Hendricks, 96 N. Y. S., 161.

86.

Ch. 723, L. 1895.

87.

West v. Otteson, 80 Wis., 62; 49 N. W., 24; Ferraria v. Vasconcellos, 23 Ill., 456; 31 Ill., 25.

88.

Gitzhoffen v. Sisters, 88 Pac., 691; 32 Utah, 46; Trustees v. B. P. O. E., 122 Wis., 452; 100 N. W., 837.

89.

Hermits v. County, 7 Pa. L. J., 124.

90.

Trustees v. Manning, 72 Md., 116; 19 At., 599.

91.

In re Van Horn, 18 R. I., 389.

92.

Wardens v. Blanc, 8 Rob, La., 51.

93.

Rutherford v. Hill, 22 Or., 218; 29 Pac., 546; 17 L. R. A., 549; 56 Cen. L. J., 221; Wechselberg v. Flour, 64 F., 90.

94.

Jewett v. Thames Bank, 16 Conn., 511.

95.

Jeffts v. York, 10 Cushing, 392.

96.

Allen v. M. E. Church, 127 Ia., 96; 102 N. W., 808; 69 L. R. A., 255; Sawyer v. Methodist, 18 Vt., 405.

97.

Wise v. Perpetual Trustees, House of Lords, 57 C. L. J., 104.

98.

Sheehy v. Blake, 77 Wis., 394; 46 N. W., 537; 69 L. R. A., 255.

99.

Clark v. O'Rourke, 111 Mich., 108; 69 N. W., 147.

100.

Bradford v. Cary, 5 Me., 339; Lynch v. Pfeiffer, 110 N. Y., 33; 17 N. E., 402; In re St. Luke's, 17 Philadelphia, 261.

101.

Addison v. Brock, 3 Me., 243.

102.

Stebbins v. Jennings, 10 Pickering, 172.

103.

Municipality of Ponce v. Roman Catholic Church, 28 Sup. Ct. R., 737; 6 Cyc, 915.

104.

Ferraria v. Vasconcellos, 31 Ill., 25; Mason v. Muncaster, 9 Wheaton, 468; 6 L. Ed., 131.

105.

Wheaton v. Gates, 18 N. Y., 395.

106.

South v. Yates, 1 Hoff. N. Y., 142; Miller v. Chittendon, 42 Ia., 252; Newmarket v. Smart, 45 N. H., 87; Evangelical Appeal, 35 Pa. St., 316.

107.

Congregational Society v. Swan, 2 Vt., 222.

108.

Horton v. Baptist Church, 34 Vt., 309.

109.

Associated Reform Church v. Theological Seminary, 4 N. J. Eq., 77.

110.

Taylor v. Edison, 4 Cushing, 522.

111.

Laws of 1895, ch. 723; Religious Corporations, Cummings and Gilbert.

112.

Heiss v. Vosburg, 59 Wis., 532; 18 N. W., 463.

113.

Tartar v. Gibbs, 24 Md., 323.

114.

Christian C. v. C., 219 Ill., 503; 76 N. E., 703.

115.

Jackson v. Legate, 9 Wendell, N. Y., 377.

116.

10 Cyc, 235-244.

117.

Atty-Gen. v. Dutch, 36 N. Y., 452.

118.

Methodist v. Pickett, 23 Barber, 436.

119.

Sutton v. Cole, 8 Mass., 96.

120.

Miller v. English, 21 N. J. L., 317.

121.

Enos v. Church, 187 Mass., 40; 72 N. E., 253.

122.

Baptist v. Wetherell, 3 Paige, N. Y., 296; In re Williams, 105 N. Y. S., 1105; Contra: First R. P. Ch. v. Bowden, 10 Abb., N. C., 1.

123.

Bellports v. Tooker, 29 Barber, N. Y., 256.

124.

Sutter v. First, 42 Pa. St., 503.

125.

Atwater v. Woodbridge, 6 Conn., 223.

126.

Wardens v. Hall, 22 Conn., 125.

127.

Beach, Private Corporations, vol. i, p. 608.

128.

Free Ch. of Scotland v. Overton, Appeal Cases, House of Lords, 1904; Winnebrenner v. Colder, 43 Pa. St., 244.

129.

Rules of Order, Scanlan, c. iii.

130.

Christ's Ev. L. C., 5 Pa. Co. Court, 121.

131.

In re Zion, 8 Kulp. Pa., 239.

132.

In re Hebron, 9 Phil., 609.

133.

U. S. v. Church, 5 Utah, 361, 394, and 538; 15 Pac., 473; 16 Pac., 723; 18 Pac., 35.

134.

Neil v. Vestry, 8 Gill., 116.

135.

Madison v. Baptist, 26 N. Y., 570; Stokes v. Phelps, 47 Hun., 570.

136.

German, etc., 9 Pa. Co. C., 12.

137.

Evenson v. Ellingson, 72 Wis., 242; 39 N. W., 330.

138.

Toby v. Wareham, 54 Mass., 440.

139.

Weber v. Zimmerman, 22 Md., 156; Wyncoop v. Cong., 10 La., 185.

140.

Magie v. German, 13 N. J. Eq., 77.

141.

Esterbrook v. Tillinghast, 71 Mass., 17.

142.

South v. Clapp, 18 Barber, N. Y., 35.

143.

Tilden v. Metcalf, 2 Day, Conn., 259; Heiss v. Vosburg, 59 Wis., 532; 18 N. W., 518.

144.

Keller v. Tracy, 11 Ia., 530.

145.

Verrian v. Methodist, 44 Abbott Pr., 424.

146.

Trustees v. Hoessli, 13 Wis., 348.

147.

Franke v. Mann, 106 Wis., 118; 81 N. W., 1014.

148.

Den. v. Pilling, 24 N. J. L., 653.

149.

Mormon v. United States, 136 U. S., 1; 33 L. Ed., 639.

150.

In re Methodist, 67 Hun., 86.

151.

In re Union, 6 Abb., N. C., 398.

152.

First v. Brownell, 5 Hun., 464.

153.

Evenson v. Ellingson, 72 Wis., 242; 39 N. W., 330.

154.

Rules of Order, Scanlan, 20; Tartar v. Gibbs, 24 Md., 328; Sutter v. First, 42 Pa. St., 503.

155.

Rose v. Vertin, 46 Mich., 457; 9 N. W., 491; Tuigg v. Sheehan, 101 Pa. St., 363.

156.

Am. & Eng. Ency. of L., "Religious Societies."

157.

Den. v. Bolton, 12 N. J. L., 206.

158.

Bonacum v. Murphy, 65 Neb., 831, and 71 Neb., 463; 98 N. W., 1030; 102 N. W., 267, and 104 N. W., 180.

159.

Bonacum v. Murphy, 71 Neb., 463; 104 N. W., 180; Bowden v. MacLeod, 1 Edw., N. Y., 588.

160.

Congregation v. Martin, 4 Rob., La., 62.

161.

Fitzgerald v. Robinson, 112 Mass., 371; Grosvenor v. United States, 118 Mass., 78; Post, 132.

162.

Wardens v. Blanc, 8 Rob., La., 51.

163.

Bowldin v. Alexander, 82 U. S., 131; 21 L. Ed., 69.

164.

Den. v. Pilling, 24 N. J. L., 653.

165.

Appeal of McAuley, 77 Pa., 397.

166.

Smith v. Swormstedt, 57 U. S., 288; 14 L. Ed., 942.

167.

Skilton v. Webster, Bright, Pa., 203; Mt. Helena Bp. Ch., 79 Miss., 488; 30 So. Rep., 714.

168.

Smith v. Swormstedt, 57 U. S., 288; 14 L. Ed., 942.

169.

Tartar v. Gibbs, 24 Md., 323; Papalion v. Manusos, 113 Ill. App., 316.

170.

People v. Steele, 2 Barber, 397.

171.

Stebbins v. Jennings, 10 Pickering, 172.

172.

Elizabeth City v. Kennedy, Bush, 44, N. C. Law, 89.

173.

Diffendorf v. Reformed Church, 20 Johns., N. Y., 12.

174.

Sutton v. Trustees, 42 Pa., 503.

175.

Baxter v. McDonald, 155 N. Y., 83; 49 N. E., 667.

176.

Wardens v. Blanc, 8 Rob., 51.

177.

Young v. Ransom, 31 Barb., 49.

178.

Perry v. Wheeler, 75 Ky., 541.

179.

Sheldon v. Easton, 4 Mass., 281; Congregation v. Peres, 42 Tenn., 620; Thompson v. Catholic, 22 Mass., 469.

180.

Proprietors v. Proprietors, 48 Mass., 496.

181.

Dempsey v. North, 98 Mich., 444; 57 N. W., 267.

182.

Hackett v. Mt. Pleasant, 46 Ark., 291.

183.

Chatard v. O'Donovan, 80 Ind., 20.

184.

Brestor v. Burr, 120 N. Y., 427; 8 L. R. A., 710; 24 N. E., 937.

185.

Walker v. Wainwright, 16 Barb., 486.

186.

O'Hara v. Stack, 90 Pa., 477.

187.

Stack v. O'Hara, 98 Pa. St., 213.

188.

Cooper v. McKenna, 104 Mass., 284.

189.

Leahy v. Williams, 141 Mass., 345.

190.

State v. Winkle, 14 N. H., 480.

191.

Methodist v. Sherman, 36 Wis., 404.

192.

Baldwin v. McKlinch, 1 Me., 102.

193.

Elizabeth City v. Kennedy, 44 N. C., 89.

194.

Calkins v. Cheney, 92 Ill., 463.

195.

St. Patrick's v. Daly, 116 Ill., 76; 4 N. E., 241.

196.

Congregation v. Martin, 4 Rob., La., 62.

197.

Meyer v. Baptist, 38 Vt., 614.

198.

Congregation v. Martin, 4 Rob., 62.

199.

Whittmore v. Fourth, 68 Mass., 306.

200.

St. Patrick's v. Daly, 4 N. E., 241; 116 Ill., 76.

201.

Tuigg v. Treacy, 104 Pa., 493.

202.

Tartar v. Gibbs, 24 Md., 323.

203.

Heiss v. Murphy, 40 Wis., 276, 278; Den. v. Pilling, 24 N. J. L., 653.

204.

Weckerly v. Geyer, 11 Ser. R. Pa., 35.

205.

Weinbrenner v. Colder, 43 Pa. St., 244.

206.

People v. Tuthil, 31 N. Y., 550.

207.

Price v. Lyon, 14 Conn., 280.

208.

Suter v. Spangler, 4 Phil., 331.

209.

Smith v. Pedigo, 145 Ind., 36; 32 L. R. A., 836; 33 N. E., 777.

210.

McGuire v. Trustees, 54 Hun., 207.

211.

Church v. Halverson, 42 Minn., 503; 44 N. W., 563; Day v. Bolton, 12 N. J. L., 206; Den. v. Pilling, 24 N. J. L., 653.

212.

Osgood v. Bradley, 7 Me., 411.

213.

Baptist v. Witherell, 24 Am. Dec., 223; 3 The Catholic Cyclopedia, 755; Contra: First R. P. Ch. v. Bowden, 10 Abb., N. C, 1. See post 134, 156.

214.

Jewett v. Thames, 16 Conn., 511.

215.

Chick v. Trevett, 20 Me., 462; Allen v. M. E. Church, 127 Ia., 96; 102 N. W., 808; 69 L. R. A., 255.

216.

Sheehy v. Blake, 72 Wis., 411; 39 N. W., 479; 9 L. R. A., 564.

217.

Chase v. Merrimac, 34 Mass., 564; Bigelow v. Congregation, 15 Vt., 370.

218.

Richardson v. Butterfield, 60 Mass., 191.

219.

State v. Hebrew, 31 La. Ann., 205; 33 Am. Rep., 217; Grosvenor v. United States, 118 Mass., 78; Watson v. Garbin, 54 Mo., 358.

220.

State v. Getty, 69 Conn., 286; 37 At., 188.

221.

Free Church of Scotland v. Overton, Appeal Cases, House of Lords, 1904; Fuchs v. Meisel, 102 Mich., 357; 32 L. R. A., 92; 60 N. W., 773.

222.

Methodist v. Wood, 5 Ohio, 12.

223.

McGinnis v. Watson, 41 Pa. St., 9.

224.

German v. Seibert, 3 Pa. St., 282.

225.

Sutter v. First, 42 Pa. St., 503.

226.

Miller v. Gable, 2 Den., N. Y., 492; Eis v. Croze, 149 Mich., 62; 112 N. W., 943; Dressen v. Brameier, 56 Ia., 756; 9 N. W., 193; Amish v. Gelhaus, 71 Ia., 170; 32 N. W., 318.

227.

Lamm v. Cain, 129 Ind., 486; 14 L. R. A., 518.

228.

Fernald v. Lewis, 6 Me., 264.

229.

Trustees v. Henschell, 48 Minn., 494; 51 N. W., 477.

230.

Perry v. Tupper, 74 N. C., 722.

231.

Wanner v. Emanuel, 174 Pa., 466.

232.

West v. Ottesen, 80 Wis., 62; 49 N. W., 24.

233.

Second v. First, 23 Conn., 255.

234.

Smith v. Swormstedt, 57 U. S., 288; 14 L. Ed., 942.

235.

Nelson v. Benson, 69 Ill., 27; Brown v. Porter, 10 Mass., 93.

236.

Page v. Crosby, 41 Mass., 211.

237.

Harper v. Straws, 53 Ky., 48; Hale v. Everett, 53 N. H., 9; Wiswell v. First, 14 Ohio St., 31; Reorganized v. Church, 60 Fed., 937; 32 L. R. A., 838; Fernstler v. Seibert, 114 Pa., 196; 6 At., 165.

238.

Shannon v. First, 42 Ky., 253.

239.

Servatius v. Pichel, 34 Wis., 292; McGrath v. Finn, 16 Alb. L. J., 186; Morasse v. Borchee, 151 Mass., 567; 25 N. E., 74.

240.

Farnsworth v. Storrs, 59 Mass., 412.

241.

Bowldin v. Alexander, 15 Wall., 131; 21 L. Ed., 69; Ante, sec. 116, post 156.

242.

In re Paulson's will, 127 Wis., 612; 107 N. W., 484.

243.

Barry v. C. K. of W., 119 Wis., 362; 96 N. W., 797.

244.

In re Knox, 25 Ch. Div., 542.

245.

Harden v. Baptist, 51 Mich., 137; 16 N. W., 311.

246.

Taylor v. Edison, 58 Mass., 522; Gray v. Christian, 137 Mass., 329.

247.

Fulbright v. Higgenbotham, 133 Mo., 668; 34 S. W., 875.

248.

Jones v. State, 28 Neb., 495; 44 N. W., 658; 7 L. R. A., 325.

249.

Hamel v. German, 1 Weekly Note Cases, 411.

250.

State v. Hebrew, 31 La. Ann., 205; 33 Am. Rep., 217.

251.

Deadrick v. Lampson, 58 Tenn., 523.

252.

Smith v. Pedigo, 145 Ind., 361; 32 L. R. A., 838.

253.

Lucas v. Case, 9 Bush, Ky., 297.

254.

Grosvenor v. U. S., 118 Mass., 78.

255.

Miller v. English, 21 N. J. L., 317; 10 Cyc, 320-328; Rules of Order, Scanlan, 17.

256.

State v. Crowell, 9 N. J. L., 391; Commonwealth v. Cain, 5 Ser. & R., Pa., 510.

257.

Wegerle v. Geyer, 11 Ser. & R., Pa., 35.

258.

Juker v. Commonwealth, 20 Pa. St., 484; St. Luke's v. Matthews, 4 Desau, S. C., 578; State v. Crowell, 9 N. J. L., 391.

259.

People v. Tuthill, 31 N. Y., 550.

260.

Rules of Order, Scanlan, 18, 20; 10 Cyc, 329.

261.

Madison v. Baptist, 32 Howard's Pr., 335.

262.

People v. Tuthill, 31 N. Y., 550.

263.

Hart v. Harvey, 32 Barb., N. Y., 55.

264.

Alexander v. Bowers, 79 S. W., 342.

265.

Rules of Order, Scanlan, 18, 20, 23; People v. Peck, 11 Wend., N. Y., 604.

266.

Rules of Order, Scanlan, 9; Gipson v. Morris, 83 S. W., Tex., 226; McCrary's Am. L. of Elections, secs. 298-300.

267.

Juker v. Commonwealth, 20 Pa., 484.

268.

Rules of Order, Scanlan, 23-27; Wardens v. Pope, 8 Gray, Mass., 140.

269.

Den. v. Pilling, 24 N. J. L., 653.

270.

Vestry v. Matthews, 4 Desau, S. C., 578.

271.

Cooley's Con. Lim., 619; McCrary's Am. L. of Elections, sec. 197; Rules of Order, Scanlan, 24-27.

272.

Commonwealth v. Woelper, 3 Ser. & R., Pa., 29.

273.

In re Peters, 112 N. Y. Sup., 339.

274.

Gram v. Prussia, 36 N. Y., 161.

275.

Wall v. Johnson, 140 Ind., 445; 39 N. E., 251; Simmons v. Allison, 118 N. C., 763.

276.

People v. St. Anthony, 109 N. Y., 512; 17 N. E., 408.

277.

Congregation v. Martin, 4 Rob., 62; Wardens v. Blanc, 8 Rob., 51; St. Andrew's Ch. v. Schaugnessy, 63 Neb., 792; 89 N. W., 261.

278.

Enos v. Church, 187 Mass., 40; 72 N. E., 253.

279.

Ross v. Crockett, 14 La. Ann., 811.

280.

Laight v. Noe, 12 Howard's Pr., 497; Contra: In re Williams, 105 N. Y. S., 1105; Ante, 116, 134.

281.

People v. Lacoste, 37 N. Y., 192; Fadness v. Braunberg, 73 Wis., 257; 41 N. W., 84; McCrary on Am. L. of Elections, secs. 209, 264; 10 Cyc, 347; People v. Nappa, 89 Mich., 232; 50 N. W., 846.

282.

Hendrickson v. Shotwell, 1 N. J. Eq., 577.

283.

Congregation v. Sperry, 10 Conn., 200; 10 Cyc, 319.

284.

Den. v. Pilling, 24 N. J. L., 653.

285.

Smith v. Erb, 5 Gill., Md., 437.

286.

People v. Peck, 11 Wend., N. Y., 604.

287.

Catron v. First, 46 Ia., 106; People v. St. Anthony's, 109 N. Y., 512; 17 N. E., 408.

288.

Columbia v. Gospel, 127 N. Y., 361.

289.

First v. Caughey, 85 Pa., 271.

290.

San Antonia v. Adams, 87 Tex., 125; 26 S. W., 1040; Hill v. Rich, 119 Mo., 9; 24 S. W., 223.

291.

Hewitt v. Wheeler, 22 Conn., 577; Devos v. Gray, 22 Ohio, 159; Klopp v. Moore, 6 Kan., 27; Neil v. Spencer, 5 Ill. App., 461; United v. Vandusen, 37 Wis., 54.

292.

Miller v. Church, 4 Phil., 48.

293.

Brunnenmeyer v. Buhre, 32 Ill., 183.

294.

N. Baptist v. Parker, 36 Barb., N. Y., 171.

295.

Dennison v. Austin, 15 Wis., 334.

296.

United v. Vandusen, 37 Wis., 54; MacLaury v. Hart, 121 N. Y., 636; 24 N. E., 1013.

297.

Vestry v. Barksdale, 1 Strobb. Eq., S. C., 197.

298.

New v. Gress, 89 Ga., 125.

299.

10 Cyc, 776-9; In re Denny, 156 Ind., 104; 59 N. E., 359; 51 L. R. A., 722.

300.

Rules of Order, Scanlan, 21; U. S. v. Balm, 144 U. S., 1; 12 Sup. Ct. R., 507; 36 L. Ed., 321; The Catholic Cyclopedia, vol. i, 289.

301.

Cicotte v. Anciaux, 53 Mich., 227; 18 N. W., 793.

302.

Trustees v. Halverson, 42 Minn., 503; 44 N. W., 663.

303.

Skinner v. Richardson, 76 Wis., 464; 45 N. W., 318; Dennison v. Auston, 15 Wis., 334.

304.

Vestry v. Barksdale, 1 Strobb. S. C. Eq., 197.

305.

State v. Ahnapee, 99 Wis., 322; 74 N. W., 783.

306.

Bowldin v. Alexander, 82 U. S., 131; 21 L. Ed., 69; The Catholic Cyclopedia, vol. iii, 755, 756.

307.

Leahy v. Williams, 141 Mass., 345; 6 N. E., 78.

308.

People v. Runkel, 8 Johnson, N. Y., 464.

309.

Leahy v. Williams, 141 Mass., 345.

310.

Rose v. Vertin, 46 Mich., 457; 9 N. W., 491; Tuigg v. Sheehan, 101 Pa., 363.

311.

Freeport v. Egan, 146 Pa., 106; 23 At., 390.

312.

Scott v. Thompson, 21 Ia., 599.

313.

Emonds v. Termehr, 60 Ia., 92; 14 N. W., 197.

314.

Wojcienchowski v. Johnknowski, 16 Pa. Sup. Ct., 444.

315.

Chiniqui v. Delaire, 37 Ill., 237.

316.

St. Patrick's v. Abst., 76 Ill., 252.

317.

First v. Prior, 23 Hun., 271.

318.

Den. v. Pilling, 24 N. J. L., 653; Rules of Order, Scanlan, 15-18.

319.

German v. Pressler, 17 La. Ann., 127.

320.

Appeal of McAuley, 77 Pa., 397.

321.

Bethany v. Sperry, 10 Conn., 200.

322.

Weber v. Zimmermann, 22 Md., 156.

323.

Downs v. Bowdoin, 149 Mass., 135; 21 N. E., 294.

324.

Smith v. Erb., 4 Gill., Md., 437.

325.

Helbig v. Rosenberg, 86 Ia., 159; 53 N. W., 111.

326.

Dahl v. Palache, 68 Cal., 248.

327.

People v. Runkel, 9 Johnson, 147.

328.

First v. Hillary, 51 Cal., 155.

329.

Tuttle v. Cary, 7 Me., 426.

330.

State v. Steward, 6 Houst., Del., 9.

331.

Jones v. Cary, 6 Me., 448; Rules of Order, Scanlan, 29-30.

332.

State v. Steward, 6 Houst., Del., 359.

333.

Juker v. Commonwealth, 20 Pa., 484; McIlvain v. Christ's Church, 8 Phil., 507.

334.

Livingston v. Trinity Church, 45 N. J. L., 230.

335.

People v. Tuthill, 31 N. Y., 550.

336.

Madison v. Baptist, 46 N. Y., 131.

337.

Moore v. St. Thomas' Church, 4 Abb., N. Y., 51.

338.

Commonwealth v. Woelper, 3 Ser. & R., 29.

339.

Wardens v. Pope, 74 Mass., 140.

340.

Oakes v. Hill, 6 Weekly Notes, Cas., 346.

341.

Hartt v. Harvey, 32 Barb., 55.

342.

Weckerly v. Geyer, 11 Ser. & R., 35.

343.

People v. Church, 48 Barb., 603.

344.

Allen v. Gray, 11 Conn., 95.

345.

Arthur v. Norfield, 49 At., 241; 73 Conn., 718.

346.

Pepin v. Societies, 23 R. I., 81; 60 L. R. A., 626.

347.

Lahiff v. St. Joseph's T. A. B. S., 76 Conn., 648; 65 L. R. A., 92.

348.

10 Cyc, 1067.

349.

17 Cyc, 405; 2 Jones on Ev., secs. 522, 523; Conflict of L., Wharton, vol. ii, sec. 761, pp. 1496-8; Collins v. German, Am. M. I. Ass., 112 Mo. App., 209; 86 S. W., 891; Layton v. Kraft, 98 N. Y., 996.

350.

Collins v. German, 112 Mo. App., 209; Sandberg v. The State, 113 Wis., 578; 89 N. W., 504.

351.

Sawyer v. Baldwin, 11 Pickering, 492.

352.

Finher v. Hanegen, 59 Ark., 151; 24 L. R. A., 543.

353.

Mt. Zion v. Whitmore, 83 Ia., 138; 49 N. W., 846; 13 L. R. A., 198.

354.

Bonacum v. Murphy, 65 Neb., 831; 98 N. W., 1030; 71 Neb., 463; 102 N. W., 267; 104 ib., 180; Nance v. Busby, 91 Tenn., 303; 18 S. W., 874; 15 L. R. A., 801.

355.

Bonacum v. Harrington, 65 Neb., 831; 91 N. W., 886.

356.

Tubbs v. Lynch, 4 Harr., Del., 521.

357.

Sterns v. Bedford, 21 Pickering, 114.

358.

O'Donovan v. Chatard, 97 Ind., 421.

359.

Baxter v. McDonald, 155 N. Y., 83; 49 N. E., 667.

360.

Gibbs v. Gilead, 38 Conn., 153.

361.

Stack v. O'Hara, 98 Pa., 213.

362.

29 Cyc, 204, and "Religious Societies"; Am. & Eng. Cyc. of L., "Religious Societies" and "Beneficial Societies"; 2 Benefit Societies & L. Insurance, Bacon, secs. 400a and 450a.

363.

Farnsworth v. Storrs, 59 Mass., 412.

364.

Hatfield v. Delong, 24 Ind. App., 343; 51 L. R. A., 751; Ryan v. Cudahy, 157 Ill., 108; 41 N. E., 760; 49 L. R. A., 353.

365.

Sampsell v. Esher, 26 Weekly Law Bulletin, Ohio, 156.

366.

Day v. Robinson, 12 N. J. L., 206.

367.

Diffendorf v. Reformed Church, 20 Johnson, N. Y., 12.

368.

Chase v. Cheney, 58 Ill., 509.

369.

Catholic Dictionary, Addis & Arnold, "Prescription."

370.

Legal Formulary, Baart, 462.

371.

Juker v. Commonwealth, 20 Pa. St., 484.

372.

Beers v. Arkansas, 20 How., U. S., 527; 15 L. Ed., 991.

373.

See "Benefit of the Clergy" and "Forum Ecclesiasticum," in The Catholic Cyclopedia and in the Catholic Dictionary.

374.

Kuns v. Robinson, 154 Ill., 394; 40 N. E., 343; Brundage v. Deardorf, 55 Fed., 839; Watson v. Jones, 80 U. S., 679; 20 L. Ed., 666; Bird v. St. Mark's, 62 Ia., 567; 17 N. W., 747; Perry v. Wheeler, 75 Ky., 541; Powers v. Bundy, 45 Neb., 208; 63 N. W., 476; Connit v. Reformed, 54 N. Y., 551; Harrison v. Hoyle, 24 Ohio St., 254; Krecker v. Shirey, 163 Pa., 534; 30 At., 540.

375.

Watson v. Jones, 80 U. S., 679; 20 L. Ed., 666.

376.

Prickett v. Wells, 117 Mo., 502; 24 S. W., 52; Pounder v. Ash, 36 Neb., 564; 54 N. W., 847.

377.

Atty-Gen. v. Fed., 69 Mass., 1.

378.

Mt. Helen v. Jones, 79 Miss., 488; 30 So., 714.

379.

Prickett v. Wells, 117 Mo., 502; 24 S. W., 52.

380.

Ferraria v. Vasconcellos, 31 Ill., 25.

381.

Garten v. Penick, 68 Ky., 110.

382.

Brunnenmeyer v. Buhre, 31 Ill., 183.

383.

Lawson v. Kolbenson, 61 Ill., 405.

384.

Robertson v. Bullions, 11 N. Y., 243.

385.

Papalion v. Manusos, 113 Ill. App., 316.

386.

Avery v. Baker, 27 Neb., 388; 43 N. W., 174.

387.

Trustees v. Trustees, 4 N. J. Eq., 77.

388.

Nash v. Sutton, 117 N. C., 231; 23 S. E., 178; Wiswell v. First, 14 Ohio St., 31.

389.

Mannix v. Purcell, 46 Ohio St., 102.

390.

Baker v. Ducker, 79 Cal., 365; 21 Pac., 764.

391.

Morris v. Dart, 67 S. C., 338; 45 S. E., 753; 100 Am. St. Rep., 734.

392.

Phipps v. Jones, 20 Pa., 260.

393.

Dolan v. City, 4 Gill., 394.

394.

Shakers v. Watson, 68 Fed., 730.

395.

61 Cen. L. J., 49 and 55; 57 C. L. J., 201.

396.

Owens v. Frank, 7 Wyoming, 457; 53 Pac., 282; 47 Cen. L. J., 221.

397.

Evidence, Jones, vol. iii, p. 776.

398.

Gillooley v. State, 58 Ind., 182.

399.

Knight v. Lee, 80 Ind., 201.

400.

Colbert v. State, 125 Wis., 423; 104 N. W., 61.

401.

Hills v. State, 61 Neb., 589; 85 N. W., 836.

402.

Bevins v. Kline, 21 Ind., 37.

403.

In re Thomas, 54 Cal., 509.

404.

Rex. v. Hoy, 2 F. & F., 4.

405.

Rex. v. Griffen, 6 Cox, C. C., 219.

406.

Mutual v. Robinson, 19 U. S. App., 266; State v. Morgan, 196 Mo., 177; 95 S. W., 402.

407.

Katzer v. City, 104 Wis., 16; 79 N. W., 745; 80 N. W., 41.

408.

Vasconcellos v. Ferraria, 27 Ill., 237.

409.

Foley v. Brocksmit, 119 Ia., 457; 93 N. W., 344; 97 Am. St. R., 324; 60 L. R. A., 571; 18 Cyc, 437-9.

410.

Harriman v. First, 63 Ga., 186.

411.

Methodist v. Sherman, 36 Wis., 404.

412.

St. Patrick's v. Daly, 116 Ill., 76; 4 N. E., 241.

413.

Eager v. Inhabitants, 10 Mass., 430.

414.

Barnes v. Perrine, 9 Barb., N. Y., 202; Sheehy v. Blake, 77 Wis., 394; 46 N. W., 537; 69 L. R. A., 255; Cutler v. Thomas, 25 Vt., 13; Allen v. M. E. Church, 127 Ia., 96; 102 N. W., 808; 69 L. R. A., 255 Note.

415.

9 Cyc, 331.

416.

45 Cent. Dig., 7.

417.

45 Cent. Dig., 38.

418.

45 Cent. Dig., 14.

419.

45 Cent. Dig., 1-54; Am. & Eng. Ency. of Law, "Subscriptions."

420.

Legal Maxims, Broom, 745; Hodges v. Nalty, 104 Wis., 464; 80 N. W., 726.

421.

Hodges v. Nalty, 113 Wis., 557; 89 N. W., 535; Hodges v. O'Brien, 113 Wis., 97; 88 N. W., 901.

422.

Barnes v. Perine, 9 Bar., N. Y., 202.

423.

Macon v. Shepard, 2 Humphrey, Tenn., 335.

424.

O'Hear v. De Goesbriand, 33 Vt., 593; 80 Am. Dec., 662.

425.

Bates v. Sperrell, 10 Mass., 323; Hodges v. Green, 28 Vt., 358; Pres. v. Andrus, 21 N. J. L., 225.

426.

Church v. Wells, 24 Pa., 249.

427.

O'Hear v. De Goesbriand, 33 Vt., 593; 80 Am. Dec., 662.

428.

Proprietors v. Roswell, 66 Me., 400; Sohier v. Trinity, 109 Mass., 1; Aylward v. O'Brien, 160 Mass., 118; 35 N. E., 313; 22 L. R. A., 206.

429.

Aylward v. O'Brien, 160 Mass., 118; 35 N. E., 313; 22 L. R. A., 206; O'Hear v. De Goesbriand, 33 Vt., 593; 80 Am. Dec., 662.

430.

Smith v. Bonhoff, 2 Mich., 115.

431.

Vorhees v. Presbyterian, 8 Barb., 135.

432.

Price v. Lyon, 14 Conn., 280.

433.

Baptist v. Witherell, 3 Paige, N. Y., 296; 24 Am. Dec., 223.

434.

Perrin v. Granger, 33 Vt., 101.

435.

French v. Old, 106 Mass., 479.

436.

Curry v. First, 2 Pittsburg, 105.

437.

Succession of Gambla, 23 La. Ann., 9.

438.

First v. Braydon, 91 Mass., 248.

439.

Downs v. Bowdoin, 149 Mass., 135; 21 N. E., 294.

440.

Trustees v. Quackenbush, 10 Johnson, 217.

441.

Kellogg v. Dickenson, 18 Vt., 266.

442.

Jackson v. Rounsville, 5 Metcalf, Mass., 127.

443.

Murray v. Cargill, 32 Me., 517; Gay v. Baker, 17 Mass., 435; Shaw v. Beveridge, 3 Hill, N. Y., 26; Perrin v. Granger, 33 Vt., 101.

444.

Vanhorn v. Tailmadge, 8 N. J. Eq., 108.

445.

Fassett v. Boylston, 19 Pickering, Mass., 361.

446.

Kimball v. Rowley, 24 Pickering, Mass., 347.

447.

Aylward v. O'Brien, 160 Mass., 118; 35 N. E., 313; 22 L. R. A., 206; Van Houten v. Trustees, 17 N. J. Eq., 126.

448.

Howard v. Stevens, 47 Vt., 262.

449.

Stoddard v. Vestry, 2 Gill. & J., Md., 227.

450.

City v. McIntyre, 8 Rob., La., 467.

451.

Sargent v. Pierce, 43 Mass., 80.

452.

Perrin v. Leverett, 13 Mass., 128.

453.

Crowley v. Miller, 19 N. Y. Weekly Dig., 262.

454.

Sheldon v. Vail, 28 Hun., 354.

455.

Price v. Lyons, 14 Conn., 280.

456.

Perrin v. Granger, 33 Vt., 101.

457.

Commonwealth v. Cain, 5 Srg. & R., Pa., 510.

458.

In re Bullock, 6 Dem. Sur., 335; Heiss v. Murphy, 40 Wis., 276; Ruth v. Oberbrunner, 40 Wis., 238.

459.

Ruth v. Oberbrunner, 40 Wis., 238; Goesele v. Bimeler, 55 U. S., 589; 14 L. Ed., 554; Van Houten v. Trustees, 17 N. J. Eq., 126.

460.

Winnepesaukee v. Gordon, 63 N. H., 505; 3 At., 426.

461.

Bethel v. Carmack, 2 Md., Ch., 143; Tartar v. Gibbs, 24 Md., 323.

462.

Lynch v. Pfeiffer, 110 N. Y., 33; 17 N. E., 402.

463.

Enos v. Chestnut, 88 Ill., 590.

464.

Walwrath v. Camel, 28 Mich., 111.

465.

Harpending v. Reformed, 41 U. S., 455; 10 L. Ed., 1029.

466.

Inhabitants v. Catholics, 40 Mass., 139; People v. Trinity, 22 N. Y., 44.

467.

Lynch v. Pfeiffer, 110 N. Y., 33; 17 N. E., 402; Eggleston v. Doolittle, 33 Conn., 396.

468.

Tomlin v. Blunt, 31 Ill. App., 234.

469.

Centenary v. Parker, 43 N. J. Eq., 307; 12 At., 142.

470.

Levasseur v. Martin, 11 La. Ann., 684.

471.

O'Donnell v. Holden, 21 Weekly Law Bulletin, 254.

472.

Walwrath v. Camel, 28 Mich., 111.

473.

Fitzpatrick v. Fitzgerald, 79 Mass., 400.

474.

Hubbard v. German, 34 Ia., 31.

475.

In re First, 106 N. Y., 251; 12 N. E., 626; Wiswell v. First, 14 Ohio St., 31.

476.

Scott v. First, 50 Mich., 528; 15 N. W., 891.

477.

In re First, 106 N. Y., 251; 12 N. E., 626.

478.

Katzer v. City of Milwaukee, 104 Wis., 16; 79 N. W., 745; 80 N. W., 41.

479.

Beckwith v. St. Phillip's Parish, 69 Ga., 564.

480.

Miller v. Chittenden, 2 Ia., 315; 4 Ia., 252; Schenectady v. Veeder, 4 Wendell, N. Y., 494.

481.

St. Patrick's v. Daly, 116 Ill., 76.

482.

Nobilli v. Redman, 6 Cal., 325.

483.

San Antonio v. Odin, 15 Tex., 539.

484.

Blair v. Odin, 3 Tex., 288.

485.

Heiss v. Vosburg, 59 Wis., 532; 18 N. W., 463.

486.

Santillan v. Moses, 1 Cal., 92.

487.

Heiss v. Murphy, 40 Wis., 276.

488.

Robertson v. Bullions, 11 N. Y., 243.

489.

Hennessey v. Walsh, 55 N. H., 515.

490.

Pawlet v. Clarke, 13 U. S., 292; 3 L. Ed., 735.

491.

Cheever v. Pierson, 33 Mass., 266.

492.

Amish v. Gelhaus, 71 Ia., 170; 32 N. W., 318.

493.

Cushman v. Church, 162 Pa., 280; 29 At., 472.

494.

Kulinsky v. Dambrowski, 29 Wis., 109.

495.

Reed v. Church, 6 Pa. Co. Ct., 76.

496.

Fulbright v. Higgenbotham, 133 Mo., 668; 34 S. W., 875; People v. Runkel, 9 Johnson, 147; Central v. Patterson, 30 N. Y. Supp., 248; Unangst v. Shortz, 5 Horton, Pa., 506.

497.

Bowden v. MacLeod, 1 Edw., N. Y., 588; Gable v. Miller, 10 Paige, N. Y., 627; Wilson v. Johns, 2 Rich., S. C., Eq., 192; Ferraria v. Vasconcellos, 31 Ill., 25.

498.

Antones v. Eslava's heirs, 9 Port., 527.

499.

Ferraria v. Vasconcellos, 31 Ill., 25; Brunnenmeyer v. Buhre, 32 Ill., 183.

500.

Organ v. Seaford, 1 Dev., N. C. Eq., 453; Post 290, 319.

501.

Gram v. Prussia, 36 N. Y., 161; Reformed v. Draper, 97 Mass., 349.

502.

Dochkus v. Lithuanian, 206 Pa., 25; 55 At., 779.

503.

Burke v. Wall, 29 La. Ann., 38.

504.

Thompson v. West, 59 Neb., 677; 82 N. W., 13; 49 L. R. A., 337.

505.

Morgan v. Leslie, Wright, O., 144.

506.

Consistory v. Brandow, 52 Barb., N. Y., 228.

507.

Grisson v. Hill, 17 Ark., 483.

508.

Scott v. Stipe, 12 Ind., 74; Mills v. Davison, 54 N. J. Eq., 659; 35 At., 1072; 35 L. R. A., 113.

509.

Appeal of Tappen, 52 Conn., 412.

510.

Neely v. Hoskins, 84 Me., 386; 24 At., 882.

511.

Second v. Dugan, 65 Md., 460; 5 At., 415.

512.

Craig v. Inhabitants, 58 Me., 479.

513.

Beckwith v. St. Phillip's Church, 68 Ga., 564.

514.

Mannix v. Purcell, 46 Ohio St., 102; 19 N. E., 572; 2 L. R. A., 753.

515.

Draper v. Minor, 36 Mo., 290.

516.

Burton's Appeal, 57 Pa. St., 213.

517.

Smith v. Pedigo, 145 Ind., 361; 33 N. E., 777; 44 N. E., 363; 32 L. R. A., 838.

518.

Free Ch. of Scotland v. Overton, Appeal Cases, House of Lords, 1904; McGinnis v. Watson, 41 Pa. St., 9; Ante, 278.

519.

First v. Rauss, 21 Conn., 160; Watson v. Jones, 13 Wallace, 679; 20 L. Ed., 666.

520.

App. v. Lutheran, 6 Pa. St., 201.

521.

Keller v. Tracy, 11 Ia., 530; Happy v. Morton, 33 Ill., 398; Leftwig v. Thornton, 18 Ia., 56.

522.

Watson v. Jones, 13 Wallace, 679; 20 L. Ed., 666.

523.

Dolan v. Mayor, 4 Gill., Md., 394.

524.

Goode v. McPherson, 51 Mo., 126.

525.

Olcott v. Gabert, 86 Tex., 121; 23 S. W., 985.

526.

Strong v. Doty, 32 Wis., 381.

527.

Fadness v. Braunburg, 73 Wis., 257; 41 N. W., 84.

528.

Weld v. May, 9 Cushing, Mass., 181.

529.

Field v. Field, 9 Wendell, N. Y., 394; Stokes v. Dale, 14 N. Y., 901.

530.

Hendrickson v. Shotwell, 1 N. J. Eq., 577; Calkins v. Cheney, 92 Ill., 463; Park v. Chaplain, 96 Ia., 55; 64 N. W., 674.

531.

Beech v. Allen, 7 Hun., 441.

532.

Catholic v. Gibbons, 3 Weekly Law Bulletin, 581.

533.

Lyons v. Planters, 86 Ga., 485.

534.

African v. Duru, 19 La. Ann., 302; Harrisburg v. Washburn, 29 Oregon, 150; 44 Pac., 390.

535.

Lynn v. Carson, 32 Grat., Va., 170.

536.

Proprietor v. Butler, 56 Mass., 597.

537.

DeRuyter v. St. Peter's, 3 N. Y., 238.

538.

Perrian v. Methodist, 4 Abbot's Pr., N. Y., 424; Unangst v. Shortz, 5 Horton, Pa. St., 506; Trustees v. Hoessli, 13 Wis., 348.

539.

Miller v. Chittenden, 2 Ia., 315; Church v. Grace, 68 N. Y., 570; Gilmer v. Stone, 120 U. S., 586; 30 L. Ed., 734; Kinney v. Kinney's Executors, 86 Ky., 610; 6 S. W., 593.

540.

St. Peter's v. German, 104 Ill., 440.

541.

Kinney v. Kinney's Executors, 86 Ky., 610; 6 S. W., 593.

542.

Trustees v. Manning, 72 Md., 116; 19 At., 599.

543.

Morgan v. Leslie, Wright, 144.

544.

U. S. v. Church, 5 Utah, 361; 15 Pac., 473.

545.

In re Ticknor's estate, 13 Mich., 44; Levy v. Levy, 33 N. Y., 97.

546.

Trustees v. Hilkin, 84 Md., 170; 35 At., 9.

547.

Hamsher v. Hamsher, 132 Ill., 273; 23 N. E., 1123; 8 L. R. A., 556.

548.

Hanson v. Little Sisters, 79 Md., 434; 32 At., 1052; Jones v. Habersham, 107 U. S., 174; 27 L. Ed., 401.

549.

Church v. Grace, 68 N. Y., 570.

550.

Tartar v. Gibbs, 24 Md., 323.

551.

Trinitarian v. Union, 61 N. H., 384.

552.

Smith v. Pedigo, 145 Ind., 361; 44 N. E., 363; 32 L. R. A., 838.

553.

Miller v. English, 21 N. J. L., 317.

554.

Petot v. Tucker, 21 N. Y., 267.

555.

Ludlam v. Higbee, 11 N. J. Eq., 342.

556.

Happy v. Morton, 33 Ill., 398.

557.

Sutor v. Spangler, 4 Phil., 331.

558.

Scott v. Stipe, 12 Ind., 74.

559.

Commonwealth v. Dougherty, 107 Mass., 243.

560.

In re Wright's estate, Myr. Prob., 213 Cal.

561.

Green v. Dennis, 6 Conn., 293; Ferguson v. Hedges, 1 Harr., 524.

562.

Murphy v. Dallam, 1 Bland, 529.

563.

Festorazzi v. St. Joseph's, 104 Ala., 327; 18 So., 394; 25 L. R. A., 360; Ex parte Schuler, 134 Mass., 436; Seiber's Appeal, 9 At., Pa., 863; Holland v. Alcock, 108 N. Y., 312; 16 N. E., 305.

564.

Festorazzi v. St. Joseph's, 104 Ala., 327; 18 So., 394; 25 L. R. A., 360.

565.

McHugh v. McCole, 97 Wis., 166; 72 N. W., 352.

566.

Wilson v. Perry, 29 W. Va., 169; 1 S. E., 302.

567.

Jones v. Habersham, 107 U. S., 174; 27 L. Ed., 401.

568.

Good v. Zook, 116 Ia., 582; 88 N. W., 376.

569.

Trustees v. Sturgeon, 9 Pa. St., 321.

570.

Scott v. Curle, 9 B. Mon., 17; Ante, 278, 290.

571.

In re Paulson's will, 127 Wis., 612; 107 N. W., 484.

572.

Robertson v. Bullions, 11 N. Y., 243.

573.

62 Cen. L. J., 167.

574.

Ould v. Washington, 95 U. S., 303; 24 L. Ed., 450.

575.

Jones v. Habersham, 107 U. S., 174; 27 L. Ed., 401.

576.

Darcy v. Kelley, 153 Mass., 433; 26 N. E., 1110.

577.

Bronson v. Strouse, 57 Conn., 147; 17 At., 699.

578.

Tichenor v. Brewer's, 98 Ky., 349; 33 S. W., 86.

579.

Banker v. Phelan, 4 Barb., 80.

580.

Bowers v. Fromm, Add., Pa., 362.

581.

Germania v. Baltes, 113 Ill., 29.

582.

McDonald v. Shaw, 98 S. W., 952.

583.

Beaty v. Kurtz, 27 U. S., 566; 7 L. Ed., 521.

584.

Heiss v. Murphy, 40 Wis., 276; Fadness v. Braunburg, 73 Wis., 257; 41 N. W., 84.

585.

Coe v. Washington, 149 Mass., 543; 21 N. E., 966.

586.

Clark v. Brown, 108 S. W., 421, Tex.

587.

Parker v. Quinn, 23 Utah, 332; 64 Pac., 961.

588.

All Saints v. Brookline, 59 N. E., 1003, Mass.

589.

Green v. Outagamie, 76 Wis., 587; 45 N. W., 536.

590.

Katzer v. City, 104 Wis., 16; 80 N. W., 41.

591.

St. Joseph Hospital v. Ashland, 96 Wis., 636; 72 N. W., 43.

592.

Ramsey v. Church, 45 Minn., 229; 47 N. W., 783.

593.

Gray v. Lafayette, 65 Wis., 567; 27 N. W., 311.

594.

Newport v. Masonic, 108 Ky., 333; 56 S. W., 405; 49 L. R. A., 252.

595.

Trustees v. City, 122 Wis., 452; 100 N. W., 837.

596.

Dahl v. Kimball, 6 Me., 171.

597.

Turner v. Inhabitants, 16 Mass., 208; Goodell Mfg. Co. v. Trask, 28 Mass., 514.

598.

Muzzy v. Wilkins, Smith, 1; Ebau v. Hendell, 5 Watts, 43; 30 Am. Dec., 291.

599.

Miller v. Board, 19 Ill. App., 48; Municipality of Ponce v. R. C. A. Ch., 28 Sup. Ct. R., 737; Reuben Quick-Bear v. Leupp, 28 Sup. Ct. Repr., 690; Dorner v. Dist., 118 N. W., 353.

600.

53 Cen. L. J., 224.

601.

Hewitt v. Woman's, 73 N. H., 556; 64 At., 190.

602.

Collins v. New York, 69 N. Y. Supp., 106.

603.

Louisville v. Hammock, 106 S. W., Ky., 219; 14 L. R. A., N. S., 784.

604.

Indianapolis v. Grant, 25 Ind., 518.

605.

Newport v. Masonic, 108 Ky., 333; 56 S. W., 405; 49 L. R. A., 252.

606.

McGee v. German, 13 N. J. Eq., 77.

607.

Miller v. Lerch, Wall. Jr., Pa., 210.

608.

St. Mary's Industrial School for Boys v. Brown, 45 Md., 310.

609.

White v. Price, 108 N. Y., 661; 15 N. E., 427.

610.

Sec. 5, Ky. Constitution; Contra: N. H. Constitution, art. 6.

611.

Donahue v. Richards, 38 Me., 376; State v. Baily, 157 Ind., 324; 61 N. E., 730; 54 Cen. L. J., 142.

612.

St. Patrick's v. Rochester, 34 How. Pr., 227.

613.

People v. Board, 13 Barb., N. Y., 400.

614.

Synod v. State, 2 S. Dak., 366; 50 N. W., 632; 14 L. R. A., 418.

615.

State v. Hallock, 16 Nev., 373; Dorner v. School Dist., 118 N. W., Wis., 353 (Nov. 27, 1908).

616.

Jenkins v. Andover, 103 Mass., 94.

617.

Millard v. Board, 121 Ill., 297; 10 N. E., 669; Dorner v. School Dist., 118 N. W., Wis., 353.

618.

Church v. Bullock, 100 S. W., Tex., 1025; Donahue v. Richards, 38 Me., 379; 56 C. L. J., 81.

619.

State v. Board, 76 Wis., 177; 44 N. W., 967; 7 L. R. A., 330; 53 Am. R., 282; 14 L. R. A., 419; Dorner v. School Dist., 118 N. W., Wis., 353 (Nov. 27, 1908).

620.

Billard v. Board, 69 Kan., 53; 76 Pac., 422; 66 L. R. A., 166.

621.

Stevenson v. Hanyon, 7 Pa. Co. Ct., 585; State v. Board, 76 Wis., 177; 44 N. W., 967; 7 L. R. A., 330; State v. Scheve, 65 Neb., 853; 91 N. W., 846; 59 L. R. A., 927.

622.

Dorner v. School District, 118 N. W., Wis., 353 (Nov. 27, 1908); County v. Industrial School, 125 Ill., 540; 18 N. E., 183; 1 L. R. A., 437; 8 Am. St. Rep., 386; O'Connor v. Hendrick, 184 N. Y., 421; 77 N. E., 612.

623.

Board v. Minor, 23 Ohio, 250; Campanas v. Calderhead, 17 Mont., 548; 44 Pac., 83; 36 L. R. A., 277.

624.

Spiller v. Woburn, 12 Allen, Mass., 127.

625.

School Commissioners v. State Board, 26 Md., 505.

626.

Donahue v. Richards, 38 Me., 379; 56 Cen. L. J., 81.

627.

Scofield v. State, 27 Conn., 499.

628.

School v. Arnold, 21 Wis., 657.

629.

Sherman v. Charleston, 8 Cushing, Mass., 160; State v. Board, 116 N. W., 232; 67 Cen. L. J., 241.

630.

Guernsey v. Pitkin, 32 Vt., 224.

631.

Wood v. Morrow, 35 Wis., 59.

632.

Anderson v. State, 3 Head, Tenn., 455.

633.

Lander v. Seaver, 32 Vt., 114.

634.

Stevens v. Fassett, 27 Me., 266.

635.

Draper v. Cambridge, 20 Ind., 268.

636.

Lane v. Baker, 12 Ohio St., 237; State v. City, 19 Ohio, 178; Van Camp v. Board, 9 Ohio St., 406.

637.

Ex parte Plessy, 45 La. Ann., 80; 11 So., 948; 16 Sup. Ct. R., 1138; 163 U. S., 537; 41 L. Ed., 256; 18 L. R. A., 639.

638.

State v. School Directors, 10 Ohio St., 448.

639.

Jackson v. Hampden, 16 Me., 184.

640.

Markwell v. Pereles, 95 Wis., 406 and 424; 69 N. W., 798 and 984.

641.

Perry v. State, 113 Ga., 936; 39 S. E., 315.

642.

Aycock v. Harrington, 84 Miss., 204; 36 So., 245; 65 L. R. A., 689.

643.

Wright v. Bennett, 7 Ill., 587.

644.

Graham v. Bennett, 2 Cal., 503.

645.

State v. Harris, 63 N. C., 1.

646.

Rex. v. Canon, 7 Car. and P., 438.

647.

Rex. v. Griffen, 6 Cox. C. C., 402.

648.

F. v. F., 1 Ch. (1902), 688.

649.

In re Jacques, 82 N. Y. Sup., 986.

650.

In re Marshall, 33 N. Y. S., 104.

651.

Kennedy v. Borah, 226 Ill., 243; 80 N. E., 767.

652.

Prieto v. Alphonso, 52 La. Ann., 631; 27 So., 153.

653.

Clarkson v. Hatton, 143 Mo., 47; 44 S. W., 761; 65 Am. St. R., 635; Matter of Johnson, 98 Cal., 531; 33 Pac., 260; 21 L. R. A., 380; Schlitz v. Roenitz, 86 Wis., 31; 56 N. W., 194; 39 Am. St. R., 873; 21 L. R. A., 482; Markwell v. Pereles, 95 Wis., 406; 69 N. W., 798; 67 Cen. L. J., 197.

654.

Elliott v. Elliott, 77 Wis., 634; 46 N. W., 806; 57 L. R. A., 155; 10 L. R. A., 568.

655.

Cole v. State, 75 S. W., 527; 45 Tex.; Cr. App., 225; 57 Cen. L. J., 341.

656.

Mutter v. Senibbs, 79 N. E., 762, Mass.

657.

Commonwealth v. McAfee, 108 Mass., 458.

658.

Tuttle v. Sutts, 96 Pac., 260.

659.

Gleason v. Gleason, 4 Wis., 64; 14 Cyc, 846.

660.

32 St. At. L., 636 and 645.

661.

Chap. 1402, U. S. Laws of 1904.

662.

Quick-Bear v. Leupp, 28 Sup. Ct. Rep., 690 (1908).

663.

Sec. 2045, U. S. Statutes.

664.

Secs. 2071 and 2072, U. S. Statutes, and Chap. 188, Laws of 1895.

665.

26 St. At. L., 1014.

666.

Quick-Bear v. Leupp, 28 Sup. Ct. Repr., 690; 27 St. L., 628 and 635.

667.

In re Lehah-puc-ka-chee, 98 Fed., 429.

668.

Chap. 503, Laws of 1888.

669.

Chap. 3, Laws of 1897.

670.

61 Cen. L. J., 101, 289; 62 Cen. L. J., 215, 219.

671.

McCann v. County, 6 Mont., 297.

672.

Hubbard v. Railway, 104 Wis., 160; 80 N. W., 454.

673.

Hochheimer on Custody of Infants, sec. 54; People v. Turner, 55 Ill., 280; People v. Park, 41 N. Y., 21, 33.

674.

Kleizer v. Symes, 40 Ind., 562; Etchison v, Pergeson, 88 Ga., 620; 15 S. E., 680; Lucas v. Case, 72 (9 Bush) Ky., 297; York v. Pease, 68 Mass., 288; Piper v. Woolman, 43 Neb., 280; 61 N. W., 588; O'Donahue v. McGovern, 23 Wendell, N. Y., 26; Servatius v. Pichel, 34 Wis., 292.

675.

Combes v. Rose, 8 Blackf., 155; Servatius v. Pichel, 34 Wis., 292; Etchison v. Pergeson, 88 Ga., 620; 15 S. E., 680.

676.

Gardener v. Anderson, Fed. Case, 5220; Rector v. Smith, 11 Ia., 302.

677.

See "Excommunication," ante. Servatius v. Pichel, 34 Wis., 292; 11 L. R. A., 592.

678.

Shelton v. Nause, 46 Ky., 128.

679.

Fawcett v. Charles, 13 Wendell, 473.

680.

54 Cen. L. J., 313.

681.

Hellstern v. Katzer, 103 Wis., 391; 79 N. W., 429.

682.

Hills v. State, 61 Neb., 589; 85 N. W., 836.

683.

Konkle v. Haven, 140 Mich., 472; 103 N. W., 850.

684.

Klos v. Zahorik, 113 Ia., 161; 84 N. W., 1046.

685.

Libel and Slander, Townsend, secs. 233, 234; 25 Cyc, 390, 398, 411.

686.

Grace v. Dempsey, 75 Wis., 313; 43 N. W., 1127; Grace v. McArthur, 76 Wis., 641; 45 N. W., 518.

687.

25 Cyc, 390, 398.

688.

62 Cen. L. J., 180.

689.

Libel and Slander, Townsend, p. 182 (notes).

690.

Libel and Slander, Townsend, sec. 177; 25 Cyc, 398; Edwards v. Bell, 8 Moore, 467.

691.

Remington v. Congdon, 2 Pickering, 315; Bradley v. Heath, 12 Pickering, 163.

692.

McConckle v. Binns, 5 Binns, Pa., 340.

693.

MacBride v. Allis, 9 Rich., S. C., 313.

694.

State v. Riggs, 22 Vt., 322.

695.

Commonwealth v. Batchelder, Thach., Mass., Cr. Cas., 191.

696.

Shoe & L. v. Thompson, 18 Abbot's Pr., N. Y., 413.

697.

Sans v. Joerris, 14 Wis., 663.

698.

5 Cyc, 715; "Disorderly Conduct," 14 Cyc, 467.

699.

14 Cyc, 540.

700.

Williams v. State, 83 Ala., 78; 3 So., 616.

701.

Hull v. State, 120 Ind., 153; 22 N. E., 117.

702.

Hunt v. State, 3 Tex., 116.

703.

State v. Kirby, 108 N. C., 772; 12 S. E., 1045.

704.

Commonwealth v. Sigman, 2 Clark, Pa., 36.

705.

State v. Wright, 41 Ark., 410; Tanner v. State, 126 Ga., 77; 54 S. E., 914.

706.

State v. Shepherd, 54 S. C., 178; 32 S. E., 146; 14 Cyc, 467, 540.

707.

Martin v. State, 65 Tenn., 234.

708.

State v. Leighton, 35 Me., 195.

709.

Marvin v. State, 19 Ind., 181.

710.

Brown v. State, 46 Ala., 175.

711.

State v. Turkhaw, 69 N. C., 215.

712.

Richardson v. State, 5 Tex. App., 470.

713.

U. S. v. Brooks, 4 Cranch, C. C., 427.

714.

People v. Crowley, 23 Hun., 412; McLane v. Mallock, 7 Ind., 525.

715.

Kinney v. State, 38 Ala., 224; State v. Lusk, 68 Ind., 264; State v. Edwards, 32 Mo., 548; Tanner v. State, 126 Ga., 77; 54 S. E., 914.

716.

MacLean v. Mallock, 7 Ind., 525.

717.

Wall v. Lee, 34 N. Y., 141.

718.

Meyer v. Baker, 120 Ill., 567; 12 N. E., 79; Commonwealth v. Bearse, 132 Mass., 542; 42 Am. R., 450; West v. State, 28 Tenn., 66; Cramer v. Marks, 64 Pa. St., 151.

719.

5 Cyc, 713; Commonwealth v. Linn, 158 Pa., 22; 27 At., 843; 22 L. R. A., 353.

720.

Gaines v. State, 75 Tenn., 410; Holcombe v. Cornish, 8 Conn., 375; Bodenheimer v. State, 60 Ark., 10; 28 S. W., 507.

721.

State v. Chandler, 2 Har., Del., 553.

722.

Commonwealth v. Kneeland, 37 Mass. (20 Pick), 206.

723.

People v. Ruggles, 8 Johnson, 225.

724.

State v. Chandler, 2 Harr., Del., 553.

725.

State v. Pepper, 68 N. C., 259.

726.

Odell v. Garnett, 4 Blackf., Ind., 549.

727.

People v. Porter, 2 Park, N. Y. Cr., 14.

728.

State v. Chandler, 2 Harr., Del., 553; Commonwealth v. Kneeland, Thach., Mass. Cr. Cas., 346.

729.

Miller v. State, 76 Ind., 310.

730.

Petty v. State, 58 Ark., 1; 22 S. W., 654.

731.

Splane v. Commonwealth, 12 At., Pa., 431.

732.

Commonwealth v. Keiten, 1 Monag., 368.

733.

Cain v. Daly, 74 S. C, 480; 55 S. E., 110.

734.

Ex parte Jentisch, 112 Cal., 468; 44 Pac., 803.

735.

State v. Lorey, 66 Tenn., 95.

736.

State v. Krech, 10 Wash., 166; 38 Pac., 1001.

737.

People v. Havenor, 149 N. Y., 195; 43 N. E., 541; 3 L. R. A., 689; State v. Dolan, 13 Idaho, 693; 92 Pac., 995; 14 L. R. A., N. S., 1259.

738.

Flag v. Inhabitants, 58 Mass., 243; Doyle v. Lynn, 118 Mass., 195.

739.

Hayden v. Mitchell, 103 Ga., 431; 30 S. E., 287.

740.

Roth v. Hacks, 68 Mo. App., 283.

741.

Hofer v. Cowan, 55 Cen. L. J., 290.

742.

Byrant v. Watson, 127 Ind., 42; 26 N. E., 687; Allen v. Duffy, 43 Mich., 1; 4 N. W., 427; 11 L. R. A., 63; Dale v. Knapp, 98 Pa., 389.

743.

Society v. Commonwealth, 52 Pa., 125; Parker v. State, 84 Tenn., 476.

744.

McCabe v. Father Matthews, 24 Hun., 149; People v. Young, 67 Barb., 357.

745.

Philadelphia v. Lehman, 56 Md., 209; Kroer v. People, 78 Ill., 294.

746.

Fox v. Abel, 2 Conn., 541.

747.

Bryant v. Inhabitants, 30 Me., 193; Tracy v. Jenks, 32 Mass., 465.

748.

Carpenter v. Crane, 1 Root, Conn., 98.

749.

Judefinde v. State, 78 Md., 510; 28 At., 405; 22 L. R. A., 721, note.

750.

55 Cen. L. J., 44; 56 Cen. L. J., 261; State v. Cheneworth, 163 Ind., 94; 71 N. E., 197; 59 Cen. L. J., 202.

751.

Speed v. Tomlinson, 73 N. H., 46; 59 At., 376; 68 L. R. A., 432.

752.

State v. Rodgers, 128 N. C., 576; 38 S. E., 34.

753.

U. S. v. Moore, 104 Fed., 78.

754.

Constant v. Rector, 4 Daly, 1.

755.

Frederickson v. W. R. Cem. Ass., 133 Wis., 502; 113 N. W., 1023.

756.

14 Op. Atty-Gen., 27; secs. 4780-4782, U. S. Statutes; 16 Op. Atty-Gen., 13.

757.

20 St. at L., 281.

758.

Sohier v. Trinity Ch., 109 Mass., 1; City v. Town, 82 Wis., 374; 52 N. W., 425.

759.

Trustees v. Manning, 72 Md., 116; 19 At., 599.

760.

Porch v. St. Bridget's, 81 Wis., 599; 51 N. W., 1007.

761.

In re Highland, 4 Pa. Dist. Rep., 653.

762.

Commonwealth v. Fisher, 7 Phil., 264; Bourland v. Springdale, 158 Ill., 458; 42 N. E., 86.

763.

City v. Watson, 56 N. J. L., 667; 24 L. R. A., 843; 49 Cen. L. J., 307.

764.

Coates v. City, 7 Cowan, N. Y., 585; Humphrey v. Frost, 109 N. C., 132; 13 S. E., 793; City v. Austin, 87 Tex., 330; 28 S. W., 528; 47 Am. St. R., 114.

765.

Stockton v. City, 42 N. J. Eq., 531; 9 At., 203; First v. Meyers, 5 Okla., 819; 50 Pac., 70; 38 L. R. A., 329.

766.

Steams v. Manchester, 63 N. H., 390; Henry v. Trustees, 48 Ohio, 671; 30 N. E., 1122.

767.

Upjohn v. Board, 46 Mich., 542; 9 N. W., 845.

768.

Edwards v. Stonington, 20 Conn., 466.

769.

Oakland v. People, 93 Tex., 569; 57 S. W., 27; 55 L. R. A., 503.

770.

Louisville v. Nevin, 73 Ky., 549; First v. Hazel, 63 Neb., 844; 89 N. W., 378.

771.

Page v. Simons, 63 N. H., 17.

772.

Wygant v. McLaughlin, 39 Or., 429; 64 Pac., 867; 54 L. R. A., 636; 53 Cen. L. J., 48.

773.

Trustees v. Manning, 72 Md., 116; 19 At., 599; Close v. Glenwood, 107 U. S., 466; 2 Sup. Ct. R., 267; 27 L. Ed., 408; Matter of Bd. of Street Opening, 133 N. Y., 329; 31 N. E., 102; 28 Am. St. R., 640; 16 L. R. A., 180.

774.

In re Waldron, 26 R. I., 84; 58 At., 453; 67 L. R. A., 118; Wright v. Hollywood, 112 Ga., 884; 38 S. E., 94; 52 L. R. A., 621.

775.

Perkins v. Mass., 138 Mass., 361.

776.

Wright v. Hollywood, 112 Ga., 884; 38 S. E., 94.

777.

People v. Trustees, 21 Hun., 184; McGuire v. St. Pat. C. C., 3 N. Y. Sup., 781; Baltimore v. Manning, 72 Md., 116; 19 At., 599.

778.

Palmer v. Cypress, 122 N. Y., 429; 25 N. E., 983.

779.

Conger v. Weyant, 55 Hun., 605.

780.

Baltimore v. Manning, 72 Md., 116; 19 At., 599.

781.

Went v. Methodist, 80 Hun., 266; Adams v. First, 148 Mich., 140; 111 N. W., 757; 11 L. R. A., N. S., 509.

782.

Lakin v. Ames, 64 Mass., 198.

783.

Donnelly v. Boston, 146 Mass., 163; 15 N. E., 505.

784.

Rawson v. School, 89 Mass., 299.

785.

St. Johns v. Haans, 31 Pa. St., 9.

786.

Dangerfield v. Williams, 26 App., S. C., 508.

787.

Silverwood v. Latrobe, 68 Md., 620; 13 At., 161.

788.

Bessimer v. Jenkins, 111 Ala., 135; 18 So., 565; 66 Am. St. R., 26.

789.

Davidson v. Reed, 111 Ill., 167; 53 Am. R., 613; Boyce v. Kalbough, 47 Md., 334.

790.

Burke v. Wall, 29 La. Ann., 38; Seymour v. Page, 33 Conn., 61; Perkins v. Mass., 138 Mass., 361.

791.

Hyde Park v. Oakwoods, 119 Ill., 141; 7 N. E., 627; Matter of Bd. of Street Opening, 133 N.Y., 329; 31 N. E., 102; 28 Am. St. E., 640 L. R. A., 180.

792.

Eastern v. City of Louisville, 13 Ky. L. Rep., 279; 15 S. W., 1117.

793.

Burke v. Wall, 29 La. Ann., 38; Appeal of Gumbert, 110 Pa. St., 496; 1 At, 437.

794.

In re Reformed, 7 Howard's Pr., 476; Scoville v. MacMahon, 62 Conn., 378; 26 At., 479.

795.

Antrim v. Malsbury, 43 N.J. Eq., 288; 13 At., 180.

796.

Hertle v. Riddell, Ky., 106 S. W., 282; 15 L. R. A., N. S., 796.

797.

Lewis v. Walker, 165 Pa. St., 30; 30 At., 500.

798.

State v. Wilson, 94 N. C., 1015.

799.

Farelly v. Metairie, 42 La. Ann., 28; 10 So., 386; Commonwealth v. Maria, 2 Weekly Notes Cases, 244.

800.

Hullman v. Honcomp, 5 Ohio St., 237.

801.

MacGuire v. St. Patrick's, 54 Hun., 207.

802.

Dwenger v. Geary, 113 Ind., 106; 14 N. E., 903; Nance v. Busby, 91 Tenn., 303; 15 L. R. A., 801.

803.

Mt. Maria v. Commonwealth, 81 Pa. St., 235; 22 Am. Rep., 743; Cemetery Co. v. Walker, 29 Ky. L. R., 1252; 97 S. W., 34; 7 L. R. A., N. S., 155.

804.

Larson v. Chase, 47 Minn., 307; 50 N. W., 238; 14 L. R. A., 85; 28 Am. St. R., 370; Pettigrew v. P., 207 Pa., 313; 56 At., 878; 64 L. R. A., 179.

805.

McEntee v. Bonacum, 66 Neb., 651; 92 N. W., 633; 66 L. R. A., 440.

806.

Hook v. Joyce, 94 Ky., 450; 22 S. W., 651; 21 L. R. A., 96.

807.

Columbus v. C., 82 Wis., 334; 52 N. W., 425; 16 L. R. A., 695; Mt. Hope v. Boston, 158 Mass., 509; 33 N. E., 695; 35 Am. St. R., 515; Kincaid's Appeal, 66 Pa. St., 411; 5 Am. R., 377; Bessimer v. Jenkins, 111 Ala., 135; 56 Am. St. R., 26; 18 So., 565.

808.

Wilson v. Reed, 68 At., 37, N. H.; Wormley v. Wormley, 207 Ill., 411; 60 N. E., 865; 3 L. R. A., N. S., 481.

809.

Thirkfield v. Mountain, 12 Utah, 76; 41 Pac., 564; Wright v. Hollywood, 112 Ga., 884; 38 S. E., 94; 52 L. R. A., 621.

810.

Toppin v. Moriarty, 59 N. J. Eq., 115; 44 At., 469; 50 Cen. L. J., 21.

811.

Cohen v. Cong., 99 N. Y. S., 732.

812.

Feeley v. Andrews, 191 Mass., 313; 77 N. E., 766; State v. McLean, 121 N. C., 589; 28 S. E., 140; 42 L. R. A., 721.

813.

McEntee v. Bonacum, 66 Neb., 651; 92 N. W., 633; 66 L. R. A., 440.

814.

Mutual, etc., v. Griesa, 156 F., 398.

815.

Hayes v. State, 112 Wis., 304; 87 N. W., 1076.

816.

14 L. R. A., 85; Young v. College of Physicians, 81 Md., 358; 32 At., 177; 31 L. R. A., 540; Meyers v. Clarke, 28 Ky. L., 1000; 90 S. W., 1049; 5 L. R. A., N. S., 727.

817.

Lindh v. Ry., 99 Minn., 408; 109 N. W., 823; 7 L. R. A., N. S., 1018.

818.

Long v. Ry., 15 Oklahoma, 512; 86 Pac., 289; 6 L. R. A., N. S., 883; Griffith v. Charlotte, 23 S. C., 25; 55 Am. Rep., 1.

819.

Koerber v. Patek, 123 Wis., 453; 102 N. W., 40; Thompson v. State, 105 Tenn., 177; 58 S. W., 213; 80 Am. St. R., 875; 51 L. R. A., 883.

820.

Williams v. Williams, 20 Ch. Div., 659.

821.

Reg. v. Fox, 2 Q. B., 246.

822.

52 Cen. L. J., 141.

823.

O'Donnell v. Slack, 123 Cal., 285; 55 Pacific, 906; 43 L. R. A., 388; Neighbors v. Neighbors, 23 Ky. L., 1433; 65 S. W., 607; Larson v. Chase, 47 Minn., 307; 50 N. W., 238; 14 L. R. A., 85.

824.

Enos v. Snyder, 131 Cal., 68; 63 Pac., 170; 82 Am. St. R., 330; 53 L. R. A., 21.

825.

Thompson v. Deeds, 93 Ia., 228; 61 N. W., 842.

826.

Durrell v. Haywood, 75 Mass., 248.

827.

Boham v. Loeb, 107 Ala., 604; 18 So., 300; Hamilton v. State, 30 Ind., 482; Partridge v. First, 39 Md., 631; Fletcher v. Evans, 140 Mass., 24; 2 N. E., 837.

828.

Commonwealth v. Viall, 84 Mass., 512.

829.

Donnelly v. Boston, 146 Mass., 163; 15 N. E., 505.

830.

Houston v. Drew, 13 Tex. Cir. App., 536; 36 S. W., 802.

831.

Robertson v. Bullions, 11 N. Y., 243.

832.

Canadian v. Palmenter, 180 Mass., 415; 62 N. E., 740.

833.

Barabasz v. Kabat, 86 Md., 23; 37 At., 720.

834.

In re Hawkins, 165 N. Y., 188; 58 N. E., 884.

835.

Chapin v. Holyoke, 165 Mass., 280; 42 N. E., 1130; Am. & Eng. Cyc. of L., "Taxation."

836.

In re Barry, 164 N. Y., 18; 58 N. E., 12.

837.

American Law of Electors, McCrary, sec. 41.

838.

Lansing v. Haynes, 95 Mich., 16; 54 N. W., 699; Baacke v. Baacke, 50 Neb., 18; 69 N., 303; Jones, Jr., estate, 211 Pa., 364; 60 At., 915; 69 L. R. A., 940; White v. B. of A. Y., 124 Ia., 293; 99 N. W., 1071; 66 L. R. A., 164.

839.

Rogers v. Elliott, 146 Mass., 349; 15 N. E., 768; Davis v. Sawyer, 133 Mass., 289; 43 Am. R., 519; Harrison v. St. Mark's, 12 Phil., 259; Soltau v. DeHeld, 9 Eng. L. & E., 104; Leete v. Pilgrim Cong. Ch., 14 Mo. App., 590.

840.

Osborne v. Osborne, New York, Sept. 12, 1908; Landry v. Bellanger, 45 So., 956; 15 L. R. A., N. S., 463; Lawson v. Lawson, 30 Tex. Civ. App., 43; 69 S. W., 246; Schmitt v. Schneider, 109 Ga., 628; 35 S. E., 145.

841.

14 Cyc, 466.

842.

Minagham v. State, 77 Wis., 643; 46 N. W., 894; Gilmore v. Fuller, 198 Ill., 130; 65 N. E., 84.

843.

Am. & Eng. Ency. of L., "Stara decisis," "Res judicata"; 67 Central L. Journal, 255; Pautz v. Plankinton, 126 Wis., 37; 105 N. W., 482; Whittaker v. Mich. M. L. Ins. Co., 83 N. E., 899.

844.

Bonacum v. Murphy, 71 Neb., 463; 104 N. W., 180.

845.

U. S. Bankruptcy Act, sec. 1, sub-sec. 25.

846.

20 Cyc, 457.

847.

20 Cyc, 1243; Insolvent Corporations, Wait, sec. 637.

848.

20 Cyc, 469.

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