Chapter 6 D. Heatley, Captain, Kingston R.C.

Robert W. Risley, O.U.B.C.

Frank Willan, O.U.B.C.

J. G. Chambers, C.U.B.C.

Edward H. Farrie, C.U.B.C.

Jno. Ireland, L.R.C.

H. H. Playford, Vice-President, L.R.C.

E. D. Brickwood, L.R.C., Secretary.

These gentlemen drew up and passed the following:-

Definition of an Amateur.

An amateur oarsman or sculler must be an officer of her Majesty's Army, or Navy, or Civil Service, a member of the Liberal Professions, or of the Universities or Public Schools, or of any established boat or rowing club not containing mechanics or professionals; and must not have competed in any competition for either a stake, or money, or entrance-fee, or with or against a professional for any prize; nor ever taught, pursued, or assisted in the pursuit of athletic exercises of any kind as a means of livelihood, nor have ever been employed in or about boats, or in manual labour; nor be a mechanic, artisan, or labourer.

In the following year the Henley executive drew up a definition of their own, much to the same effect, but slightly different in phraseology (this was on April 8, 1879). It read thus:-

No person shall be considered as an amateur oarsman or sculler-

1. Who has ever competed in any open competition for a stake, money, or entrance-fee.

2. Who has competed with or against a professional for any prize.

3. Who has ever taught, pursued, or assisted in the practice of athletic exercise of any kind as a means of gaining a livelihood.

4. Who has been employed in or about boats for money or wages.

5. Who is or has been, by trade or employment for wages, a mechanic, artisan, or labourer.

This definition, with a further slight verbal alteration, will be found still embodied in the rules of Henley regatta, which are given at p. 48. This new definition was adopted by the 'Amateur Rowing Association.'

This latter body arose in 1879. The original object of its constitution was to found a general club which could comprise all the best amateur talent of Britain, and from which, in the event of any foreign or colonial crew, composed of the full force of its own country, coming to these shores, could be put forward to represent the honour of the mother country; so that the individual clubs of Britain should never hereafter be in danger of being attacked separately, with forces divided, by the concentrated resources of some foreign or colonial country. The association was first called the 'Metropolitan Rowing Association,' but eventually it took its present name. The rules of this association are here given in extenso, and sufficiently explain the raison d'être.

Rules of the Amateur Rowing Association, late Metropolitan Rowing Association.

Committee.

The President of the Oxford University Boat Club. ?

The President of the Cambridge University Boat Club. ?

The Captain of the Dublin University Boat Club. ?

The Captain of the Dublin University Rowing Club. ? Ex Officio.

The Captain of the Leander Boat Club. ?

The Captain of the London Rowing Club. ?

The Captain of the Kingston Rowing Club. ?

The Captain of the Thames Rowing Club. ?

James Catty, T.R.C. F. S. Gulston, L.R.C.

H. J. Chinnery, L.R.C. James Hastie, T.R.C.

F. Fenner, L.R.C. Rev. R. W. Risley, O.U.B.C.

J. H. D. Goldie, C.U.B.C. S. Le Blanc Smith, L.R.C.

Hon. Secretary.

S. Le Blanc Smith, Esq.

Head Quarters, pro tem.

London Rowing Club, Putney.

1. That this Club be called 'The Amateur Rowing Association.'

2. That the object of the Association be to associate members of existing amateur rowing clubs for the purpose of forming representative British crews to compete against Foreign and Colonial representative crews, in the event of such entering at any regattas in the United Kingdom, or challenging this country.

3. That the government and management of the Association be vested in a committee of fifteen members (of whom five shall be a quorum), with power to add to their number, who, except the ex-officio members, shall retire annually, and be eligible for re-election.

4. That the Presidents of the Oxford University Boat Club and Cambridge University Boat Club, the Captains of the Dublin University Boat Club, Dublin University Rowing Club, Leander Boat Club, London Rowing Club, Kingston Rowing Club, and Thames Rowing Club, for the time being be ex-officio members of the committee.

5. That no one be eligible as a member of the Association unless he be a member of a recognised Amateur Rowing Club.

6. That candidates for election must be proposed and seconded by two members of the committee, and unanimously elected by the committee.

7. That, when members of different clubs are selected to form a crew, they must, for the time being, place themselves exclusively at the disposal of the Association.

8. That general meetings of the members be summoned by the Honorary Secretary at such times as not less than five of the committee think fit, and that committee meetings be held once, at least, in every three months, and as much oftener as a quorum shall, from time to time, decide.

This Amateur Rowing Association began modestly, and without any assumption, to dictate to the rowing world. It was content to take the patriotic part of guarding national amateur prestige in aquatics. But all leading clubs so fully recognised the value of the new association, that pressure was often put upon it to make a coup d'état, and to take the sceptre of amateur rowing and the control of amateur regattas, a position analogous to that held respectively by the 'Jockey Club' on the turf, the 'Grand National Hunt Committee' in steeple-chasing, and the 'Amateur Athletic Association' on the running path. To some extent the Association have followed the course urged upon them, and last season (1886) they propounded a code of regatta rules, which will doubtless be adopted by all regattas that desire to entice first-class amateur competitions on their waters. These rules read thus:-

Amateur Rowing Association.

Established 1879.

(Hon. Sec, S. Le Blanc Smith, Esq., Coombeside, Sydenham, S.E.)

Cambridge University Boat Club-Cambridge.

Kingston Rowing Club-Surbiton.

Leander Club-Putney.

London Rowing Club-Putney.

Oxford University Boat Club-Oxford.

Reading Rowing Club-Reading.

Royal Chester Rowing Club-Chester.

Thames Rowing Club-Putney.

Twickenham Rowing Club-Twickenham.

West London Rowing Club-Putney.

Marlow Boat Club-Marlow.

Henley Rowing Club-Henley.

Rules for Amateur Regattas.

1. The committee shall state on their programmes, and all other official notices and advertisements, that their regatta is held under the Rules of the A.R.A.

2. No 'value' prize (i.e. a cheque on a tradesman) shall be offered for competition, nor shall a prize and money be offered as alternatives.

3. Entries shall close at least three clear days before the date of the regatta.

4. No assumed name shall be given to the secretary unless accompanied by the real name of the competitor.

5. No one shall be allowed to enter twice for the same race.

6. The secretary of the regatta shall not be permitted to divulge any entry, nor to report the state of the entrance list, until such list be closed.

7. The committee shall investigate any questionable entry irrespective of protest.

8. The committee shall have absolute power to refuse or return any entry up to the time of starting, without being bound to assign a reason.

9. The captain or secretary of each club or crew entered shall, at least three clear days before the day of the regatta, deliver to the secretary of the regatta a list containing the names of the actual crew appointed to compete, to which list the names of not more than four other members for an eight-oar and two for a four-oar may be added as substitutes; provided that no person may be substituted for another who has already rowed a heat.

10. The secretary of the regatta, after receiving the list of the crews entered, and of the substitutes, shall, if required, furnish a copy of the same with the names, real and assumed, to the captain or secretary of each club, or in the case of pairs or scullers to each competitor entered.

11. The committee shall appoint one or more umpires, to act under the Laws of Boat Racing.

12. The committee shall appoint one or more judges, whose decision as to the order in which the boats pass the post shall be final.

13. Objections to the qualification of a competitor should be made in writing to the secretary of the regatta at the earliest moment practicable. No protest shall be entertained unless lodged before the prizes are distributed.

14. Every competitor must wear complete clothing from the shoulders to the knees-including a sleeved jersey.

15. In the event of there being but one crew or competitor entered for any prize, or if more than one enter and all withdraw but one, the sole competitor must row over the course to become entitled to such prize.

16. Boats shall be held to have completed the course when their bows reach the winning post.

17. The whole course must be completed by a competitor before he can be held to have won a trial or final heat.

18. In the event of a dead heat any competitor refusing to row again, as may be directed by the committee, shall be adjudged to have lost.

19. A junior oarsman is one (A) who has never won any race at a regatta other than a school race, a race in which the construction of the boats was restricted, or a race limited to numbers of one club; (B) who has never been a competitor in any International or Inter-University match.

A junior sculler is one (A) who has never won any sculling race at a regatta other than a race in which the construction of the boats was restricted, or a race limited to members of one club; (B) who has never competed for the Diamond Sculls at Henley, or for the Amateur Championship of any country.

N.B.-The qualification shall in every case relate to the day of the regatta.

20. All questions not specially provided for shall be decided by the committee.

With these safeguards, and with the guidance of this leading Association, it is to be hoped that the status of amateurs in England will be preserved at that high standard which alone can properly demarcate the amateur from the professional.

Foreign crews which seek to compete at our regattas are often of a very dubious character as regards amateurship. The imposture of Lee, the Yankee professional, at Henley regatta in 1878, was not discovered until too late; and his case has been by no means an isolated one. The Henley executive now impose certain conditions upon foreign countries, which enable our own authorities to make timely inquiries as to the real status of proposed visitors. These conditions will be found under No. 4 of the 'General Rules' of Henley (p. 49).

* * *

WINDSOR.

CHAPTER XV.

ROWING AT ETON COLLEGE.

The River Thames flows so near the College of Eton that it necessarily affords an attraction to the boys at least equal to the playing fields, and has always been frequented for bathing and rowing as well as other aquatic pursuits. All such amusements have been styled from time immemorial 'Wet bobbing,' as distinguished from cricket, which is 'Dry bobbing:' the boys who boat are called 'Wet bobs' and the cricketers 'Dry bobs.' In the good old times, by which we mean the times told of by old men of our early acquaintance, extending to the end of the last and beginning of this century, the river was used by the boys for some other delightful though unlawful sports. Fishing was in those times more attractive to them than it has been in recent years, and many boys who did not join the boats would go out gudgeon, pike, or trout fishing with persistent zeal. Old gentlemen have told us of getting up in the early morning in the summer half, breaking out through the windows of their dame's or tutor's houses, and getting on the river to fish before the early school. Shooting was also practised on the river both at such times and during the legitimate play hours. The watermen took care of guns for sporting boys, and went with them in pursuit of water-hens, kingfishers, swallows, or any bird that might be found about the eyots, in the willow beds, or up the backwaters of Clewer or Cuckoo Weir. Of course these sports were interdicted; but the use of the river for any purpose whatever was so far forbidden that masters must be shirked in going to or coming from it, and the river itself was out of bounds. The sixth form also had to be shirked in old times, and could have any lower boy punished for being out of bounds; but it must have been a sixth-form boy of no sporting propensities himself who could have given 100 lines to a lower boy caught shooting in the Clewer stream. Was it more or was it less praiseworthy of one of the tutors who caught the same lad with his gun, and only remonstrated with him because it might be dangerous, and not because he was breaking the rules of the school?

No one but an Etonian could possibly understand the anomalous condition of things which made the river out of bounds, though no boy was really prevented from going on it unless he was caught on the way by a master and actually sent back. The fact was that, when on the river, the boy was safe from interference. Once only did a headmaster attempt to stop an eight which he heard was to row up to Surly; this was Dr. Keate, and he was so finely hoaxed that he never even made a second attempt. Hearing that an eight was to go out on a certain day, he threatened to expel anyone who should take part in the expedition, and then went for a walk along the towpath to waylay them. There issued from the Brocas a crew of watermen dressed like the Eton eight, and wearing masks over their faces. Crowds of people followed to see what would happen. Keate caught them between the Hopes and shouted, 'Foolish boys, I know you all. Lord --, I know you. A--, you had better come ashore. Come here or you will all be expelled.' The boat however pursued its course, several of the masters followed on horseback, and the ruse was not discovered until the crew disembarked and took off their masks with a loud 'Hurrah!' Keate was furious, and vowed that there should be no Easter holidays unless the boys who had been hooting him behind hedges gave themselves up, and some twenty victims were accordingly swished.

As a matter of fact the river was permitted from March 1 till Easter holidays for long boats, and from Easter till Midsummer for boats of all kinds. In going to or from the river a boy had to shirk a master by getting into a shop out of his sight. The masters avoided going along the river when rowing was practised; they ignored, or pretended to ignore, the procession of boats on June 4 and Election Saturday, and winked at the Fireworks and the boys being late for lock-up on those days. On June 4, 1822, Dr. Keate sent for the captain of the boats and said to him, 'The boys are often very noisy on this evening and late for lock-up. You know I know nothing! But I hear you are in a position of authority. I hope you will not be late to-night, and do your best to prevent disorder. Lock-up time will be twenty minutes later than usual: it is your customary privilege.'

On March 1, 1860, the captain of the boats went boldly up to Dr. Goodford and requested that the 'boats' (or boys who belonged to the eight-oared boats) might be allowed to go to the Brocas without shirking, and somewhat to his surprise the Doctor gave his consent. In the following half shirking was abolished in Eton for all the school.

There is however one important condition on which a boy may boat: he must 'pass' in swimming. When the authorities ignored the boating, boys who could not swim daily risked their lives, and casualties sometimes occurred. It was in 1840 that C. F. Montagu was drowned near Windsor Bridge, and such an effect had this calamity, that the masters thenceforth ordained that boating should be formally recognised, and that no boy should be allowed to get into a boat until he had passed an examination in swimming. One or two masters were appointed river masters. Bathing-places were made at Athens, Upper Hope, and Cuckoo Weir, and the eighth and sixth form were allowed to bathe in Boveney Weir. No boy might bathe at any place but Cuckoo Weir until he had passed. Watermen were engaged to teach swimming, and be ready with their punts at bathing-places and elsewhere to watch the boys on the river, to prevent accidents and report unlawful acts. Bathing is permitted as soon after the Easter holidays as weather is warm enough, and two days a week the river masters attend at Cuckoo Weir for 'Passing.' This examination (so much pleasanter than any other) is conducted as follows: a number of boys whom the waterman thinks proficient enough appear undressed in a punt. A pole is stuck up in the water (which is out of depth at the place) about thirty yards off; the master stands on a high place called Acropolis, and as he calls the name, each in turn takes a header and swims round the pole once or twice. He must not only be able to take a header and swim the distance, but must also swim in approved form so as to be capable of swimming in his clothes. Since 'passing' was established there has been only one boy drowned, though many are swamped under all kinds of circumstances. A boy who has not passed belongs to the class called 'non nant.'

OFF THE BROCAS.

The Thames at Eton has changed somewhat from what it was in the 'old times.' Boveney and Bray Locks were made in 1839, and before that the river was much more rapid, and there was no sandbank at Lower Hope. At the weir below Windsor Bridge the fall of water was not so great as it is now, and many a boy used to amuse himself in the dangerous adventure of shooting the weir in a skiff or funny.

Although boating was formally recognised by the masters in 1840, it is a fact that the first race honoured by the presence of a headmaster was the Sculling Sweepstakes in 1847, when Dr. Hawtrey was rowed in a boat to see the racing by two undermasters, the Rev. H. Dupuis and Mr. Evans.

From time immemorial there was a ten-oar and several eight and six-oared boats, with regular crews, captains and steerers. In the early state of things a waterman always rowed stroke and drilled or coached the crew, and this practice was continued with some of the eights till 1828, and after that the captain of each crew rowed the stroke oar. The crews had to subscribe for the waterman's pay, his beer, and clothes. The best remembered watermen were Jack Hall, 'Paddle' Brads, Piper, Jack Haverley, Tom Cannon and Fish. There were upper boats manned by sixth and fifth form boys, and lower boats originally with six oars for lower boys. A lower boy could not get into the upper boats however well he might row. From more recent times no lower boy can get into the 'boats' at all, but must content himself with his own lock-up skiff, gig, or outrigger. We should explain here that a lock-up means a boat which a boy, for himself or jointly with a friend, hires for the summer half and keeps exclusively. The boat-builders also allow other boats (not lock-ups) to be used indiscriminately on payment of a less sum, which are called 'chance boats.' Boys in the 'boats' generally also have a lock-up or outrigger of their own, or jointly with others.

The ten-oar was always called the 'Monarch,' and is the head boat in all processions. The captain of the boats rows stroke of the 'Monarch,' and until 1830 the second captain rowed nine. After that date the second captain became captain of the second boat. The boats themselves bore certain names. In the early lists (none exist earlier than 1824) the 'Britannia' was the second boat, and in that year there were five upper boats, 'Hibernia,' 'Etonian,' and 'Nelson' being the other three. And the lower boats with six oars were the 'Defiance,' 'Rivals,' and 'Victory.' The following year there were only three upper boats, which has remained the custom till this day, except in 1832, when there was a fourth upper boat called the 'Adelaide.' The 'Victory' has always been the second boat since 1834. And the favourite names of other boats whose places have changed in different years are the 'Rivals,' 'Prince of Wales,' 'Trafalgar,' 'Prince George,' 'Thetis,' and 'Dreadnought.' There has never been any difficulty in getting crews for the one ten-oar and seven eight-oared boats, and in fact the names put down usually have exceeded the number of vacancies. In 1869 an additional boat was put on in consequence of the collegers being allowed to join, and in 1877 the 'Alexandra' was added to the list owing to the increased number of entries. Before 1869 the collegers had fours and sometimes an eight to themselves, but did not join the procession of the boats; and as they did not belong to the oppidan 'boats' they could not row in the eight of the school.[14] But they rowed some successful matches against University men on several occasions. There was never any racing between collegers and oppidans, and the collegers could only race between themselves. Before 1840 they kept their boats at a wharf by the playing fields and had a bathing place there. They used to row down to Datchet and Bells of Ouseley, but from that time were forbidden to go below bridge and were put on the same recognised footing as oppidans.

[14] In 1864, however, Marsden, a colleger, rowed in the eight, though collegers were still excluded from the boats.

As soon as the boys return to school after the Christmas holidays a large card is placed at Saunders' shop, on which those fifth and sixth form who wish to join and are not then in the boats inscribe their names. There is some excitement for a time while the captain of the boats appoints the captain to each boat, which he does usually in the order of 'choices' (a term which is explained hereafter) of the previous year; but sometimes it is thought best to put a high 'choice' or two in the 'Victory' and appoint as captain of some of the lower boats some good fellow who is not likely to get into the eight of the school, in order that when the eight is practising these boats should have the advantage of their captains to take them out. The captain of the lower boats ranks higher than the captain of the third upper boat. The crew of the 'Monarch' (ten-oar) is then selected by the captain of the boats, and he places a high choice as 'nine,' that position being considered about the fifth highest place. His crew is chosen not of the best oars, for they are always placed in the 'Victory' or second boat, but usually of boys high up in the school, and sometimes a good cricketer or two gets a place in the Easter half and leaves it afterwards. The captain of the cricket eleven is almost always formally asked to take an oar in the ten. The second captain then makes up his crew, then the captain of the third upper, and so on. Each captain has to submit his list to the captain of the boats, who advises him on his selection. The steerers are chosen in the same order, and the best steerer (who is also to have the honour of steering the eight of the school) always steers the ten. The crews are always selected on what is known of their merits as good oars, and there is never any preference given to favouritism or rank. When the lists are all made out they are printed and published in the 'Boating Calendar.'

Boating begins on March 1 'after twelve,' unless the weather is excessively bad, or the river unusually high, when it has to be stopped for a few days. It ends practically at the summer holidays. The half from after the summer holidays till Christmas is devoted to football and fives. Before the Easter holidays the long boats only are allowed, but towards the end of that half some fours are allowed by special permission of the river master. We remember a four going out in this half without permission and an attempt being made to row up to Maidenhead when lock-up was at 6.30, but it was swamped in Bray Lock and the crew had to walk or run home; on their way they met the river master, and he gave them all 200 lines to write out, though the day being very cold he might have thought them sufficiently punished by the ducking they had got.

The first day opens with a procession of all the boats to Surly Hall; each crew dressed in flannel shirt and straw hats of different colours, and the name of the boat on the hatband. The last boat starts first, then the others in inverse order to their places, and after rowing a short way they 'easy all' and await the ten-oar, which pursues an uninterrupted course to Boveney Lock, followed by the others in their proper order. All go into the lock together, and then on to Surly Hall, where they land, play games, and perhaps drink a glass of beer. 'Oars' are called by the captain after about twenty minutes or half an hour, and all go back in the same processional order. Before locks were built there was always a sort of race from Rushes to Surly, each boat trying to catch and bump the one before it, and the fun was to try and get the rudders off and have a regular jostle. After 12 there is not time to get further than Surly, but on a half-holiday after 4 several of the boats get to Monkey Island, and occasionally when lock-up was at 6.30 there was time for an eight to row to Maidenhead. The distance from Windsor Bridge to Rushes is 1 mile 6 furlongs, to Boveney Lock 2 miles 13?4 furlong, to Surly (about) 3 miles, to Monkey 4 miles 3 furlongs, to Bray Lock 5 miles, to Maidenhead 6 miles.

The usual practice is for the eights to go out occasionally with the captain steering and coaching them, and for long rows to Surly or Monkey. In the summer half there is so much practising for races that the upper boats seldom get a row with their proper crews. The boys who 'wet bob' and are not in the boats row in skiffs, gigs, or outriggers to the bathing-places and to Surly, or paddle about from Brocas to Lower Hope. Canoes, punting, and sailing are not allowed. On June 4 (and formerly on Election Saturday) there is a procession in the evening, and the crews wear striped cotton shirts, straw hats lettered, and sailors' jackets. The steerers are dressed as admirals, captains or midshipmen of the Royal Navy, and have a large bouquet of flowers; we need not further describe the well-known scene. On the three Check nights of old days the upper boats went to Surly in the evening to partake of ducks and green peas, and were joined by the lower boats as they came home all dressed in 4th June costume.

The captain of the boats is the acknowledged 'swell' of the school. He has unlimited power over the boats, managing and controlling all affairs connected with them; as treasurer and secretary he keeps the accounts, and writes a journal of the races and events. No one disputes his authority. No money can be levied without the authority of the headmaster. The changes effected in 1861 in abolishing Check nights and Oppidan dinner were ordered and carried out by him without the least idea that anyone might have objected. He was always asked to play ex officio in the collegers' and oppidans' football match if he was anything of a good football player, and in the cricket match whether he could play cricket or not. He still manages the foot races of the school. It has happened four times that a boy has been captain two years, and his power in his second year is if possible greater than ever.

The eight of the school are the best rowers, whether captains or not, and are alone entitled to wear white flannel trousers and the light blue coats. Now that the race at Henley is an institution they are selected for that event. Before the Radley race of 1858 there was no regular race, and if a casual crew came down to row it was generally without the challenge being given long beforehand, so that no training could take place. The last race of the season was upper eights, the captain and second captain tossing up for first choice and choosing alternately; the first eight choices were generally the eight, and paper lists were given out afterwards of these choices which ruled the position of the boys who stayed on for the next year.

The earliest school event we hear of was a race against a Christ Church four in 1819, which was won by the Eton four.

An attempt was made in 1820 to have a match against Westminster; the challenge from them was accepted, and an eight chosen, but the authorities forbade it. The first race between the two schools was rowed on July 27, 1829, from Putney Bridge to Hammersmith and back, and was won easily by Eton, and Westminster were beaten at Maidenhead in 1831, at Staines in 1836, and at Putney in 1843 and 1847. Eton were beaten by Westminster at Datchet in 1837, and at Putney in 1842, 1845, and 1846. From 1847 till 1858 there were races only against scratch crews, and Oxford or Cambridge colleges. In 1858 a match, which was thought a grand event at the time, was rowed on the Henley course against Radley and won by Eton. In 1860, 1861, 1862, and 1864 the Westminster race was revived and was rowed from Putney Bridge to Chiswick Eyot, and Eton was so easily the winner that it has not been thought worth while to continue this match.

In 1860 Mr. Warre came to Eton as an assistant master, and at the request of the captain of the boats assisted him to arrange the Westminster race, and engaged to coach the eight. It was with his assistance that Dr. Goodford was persuaded to allow the eight to go to Henley Regatta in 1861, and the tacit understanding was made that if the authorities would allow this, and also the boating bill by which two long boats might escape six o'clock absence and have time to row to Cliefden, the boats would give up Oppidan dinner and Check nights. Mr. Warre, with the greatest kindness and with unremitting zeal and energy, first coached the eight for the Westminster races, and then continued coaching for the Henley Regatta evening after evening during their training every year for twenty-four years, until he was appointed headmaster. The Rev. S. A. Donaldson has since undertaken the coaching. University men at first disliked the appearance of Eton at Henley. Old oarsmen thought it would ruin the regatta, as men would hate to be beaten by boys. Masters predicted that the coaching by a master would spoil the boys, but time has dissipated these objections, and the Regatta has flourished better than ever.

It will be seen that Eton has on several occasions beaten trained college and other crews without winning the plate, and we may fairly say that her place on the river is about equal to that of the best colleges. After all, the boys are boys of seventeen and eighteen, and if they are not as strong or heavy as men a year or two older, they have the advantage of practically always being in training, are easily got together, and are living a regular and active life.

Results of Henley Regatta.

Year Race Eton was beaten by Eton beat Average

Weight

of Eton

crew

st. lb.

1861 Ladies' Plate Trinity College, Oxford Radley 9 12

1862 Ladies' Plate University College, Oxford Radley 10 7 3?4

1863 Ladies' Plate University College, Oxford Trinity Hall, Cambridge;

Brasenose, Oxford;

Radley 10 7 1?4

1864 Ladies' Plate

(winners) Trinity Hall, Cambridge;

Radley 10 6 3?4

1865 Grand Challenge London R. C.; Third Trinity,

Cambridge 10 4 1?2

Ladies' Plate Third Trinity, Cambridge

(by a foul) Radley -

1866 Grand Challenge Oxford Etonians; London R.C. -

Ladies' Plate

(winners) First Trinity or Black Prince,

Cambridge; Radley 10 9 3?4

1867 Grand Challenge (scratched) Kingston R.C. 10 7

Ladies' Plate

(winners) Radley

1868 Grand Challenge London R.C. University College, Oxford;

Kingston R.C. 10 8

Ladies' Plate

(winners) University College, Oxford;

Pembroke College, Cambridge -

1869 Grand Challenge Oxford Etonians 10 10 3?4

Ladies' Plate

(winners) Lady Margaret, Cambridge -

1870 Grand Challenge London R.C. -

Ladies' Plate

(winners) Dublin Trinity College 10 9 7?8

1871 Grand Challenge Oxford Etonians; London R.C. Dublin Trinity College

Oscillators -

Ladies' Plate Pembroke College, Cambridge -

1872 Ladies' Plate Jesus College, Cambridge 10 6

1873 Grand Challenge London R.C. Balliol College, Oxford 10 9 3?8

Ladies' Plate Dublin Trinity College -

1874 Grand Challenge London R. C. First Trinity, Cambridge;

B.N.C., Oxford; Thames

R.C. 10 7 3?4

Ladies' Plate First Trinity, Cambridge Radley -

1875 Ladies' Plate Dublin Trinity College 10 5 1?4

1876 Ladies' Plate Caius College, Cambridge 10 3 1?4

1877 Ladies' Plate Jesus College, Cambridge Cheltenham -

1878 Ladies' Plate Jesus College, Cambridge Cheltenham 10 5 1?4

1879 Ladies' Plate Lady Margaret, Cambridge Hertford College, Oxford 11 0

1880 Ladies' Plate Trinity Hall, Cambridge Exeter College, Oxford; Caius

College, Cambridge 11 7 1?2

1881 Grand Challenge Leander R.C. 11 1 5?8

Ladies' Plate First Trinity, Cambridge -

1882 Ladies' Plate

(winners) Trinity Hall, Cambridge;

Radley 11 10 1?4

1883 Ladies Plate Christ Church, Oxford Radley 11 0

1884 Ladies' Plate

(winners) Caius College,Cambridge;

Radley 11 5 1?4

1885 Ladies' Plate

(winners) Oriel College, Oxford;

Corpus College, Oxford 11 5 1?4

1886 Ladies' Plate Pembroke College, Cambridge Radley; Bedford 10 12 1?4

1887 Ladies' Plate Trinity Hall, Cambridge Hertford College, Oxford 11 1 3?4

The eight are permitted during training below bridge at Datchet. Of the races at the school in old times, upper sixes was the great event. It was rowed from Brocas up to Surly and back before the lock was made, and in after times round Rushes. All races were rowed round a turning point, and there was more or less bumping. There were no rules of racing then, and bumping or jostling, knocking off a rudder, and foul play of any kind was part of the fun; the only object was to get in first anyhow. There was a match in 1817 between a four of Mr. Carter's house and four watermen which caused great excitement, and was unexpectedly won by the boys. Two sides of college, and dames and tutors, were annual events, but were done away with in 1870. Tutors had won thirteen, and dames the same number of races. There used to be an annual punting race, but punting was forbidden after 1851. One of the masters used to give a prize for tub-sculling, in which about 100 or more started and afforded great amusement. This was before outrigged sculling and pair-oared boats were much used, and since they became fashionable there have been junior pairs and junior sculling. House fours as a regular institution was begun in 1857, when the Challenge cup was procured by means of a school subscription. In 1876 trial eights were first rowed, and the race took place in the Easter half. There are challenge prizes for the house fours and for the sculling and pulling, as the pair-oar outrigger race is called. The number of races had to be curtailed owing to the time taken to train the eight for Henley. The four and eight-oared races start from Rushes, and are rowed down stream; total distance 1 mile 6 furlongs. The pulling and sculling races start from Brocas and go round a ryepack at Rushes and back, a distance of 3 miles 4 furlongs. The winning point is always Windsor Bridge. The Brocas is the name given to the field between the railway and the boathouses, and is so called from the family of Brocas, who used to own the property. The times vary so much with the state of the river that little comparison can be made between the merits of individual oarsmen or scullers. It takes about 71?2 minutes for an eight to row down from Rushes with a fair stream, and about 8 minutes 20 seconds for a four. A good sculler can get round Rushes and back in about 20 to 21 minutes. Pair-oared rowing without coxswains was introduced in 1863, and a good pair now wins in 19 to 20 minutes. Fours still continue to carry coxswains.

The boats themselves that are used are very different now from what they were forty years ago. Up to 1839 they were still built of oak (a very heavy wood), and measured fifty-two feet in length and were painted all over. The first outriggers used in the University boat race in 1846 were built in streaks, and it was not until 1857 that both University crews rowed in the present sort of boats with smooth skins made of mahogany without keels and with round loomed oars. The first time an outrigger was used at Eton was in 1852, and until 1860 the 'Victory' was the only one in regular use: all the other eights and fours were built with streaks and had rowlocks in the gunwale, with a half-outrigger for stroke and bow. The ten-oar had half-outriggers in that year, but soon afterwards all the eights became fully outrigged. Sliding seats were first used about 1874. The builders were Mr. Searle, Tolliday, and Goodman. Perkins, better known for many years by the sobriquet of 'Sambo,' has now become owner of Mr. Searle's premises.

In the old-fashioned boats rowing was to a certain extent done in an old-fashioned style. The boats went steadily along without any spring to the first touch of the oars in the water. The stroke was rapid forward, but became a slow drag from the first dash of the oar into the water till recovered. Now the boat leaps to the catch, whereas when the first note was sounded by a University oarsman to 'catch the beginning,' the Eton boy in the old heavy boat found it impossible to respond. But Eton boys knew what was meant by Mr. Warre when they got the celebrated Mat Taylor boat in 1860, and soon learned the new style. The stroke became quicker, the recovery sharp, and every nerve was strained to cover the blade of the oar at the first touch in the water when the whole pull had to be made. From the time when the watermen used to coach and row, no regular coaching had been done by anyone but the captains. A neat and traditional style was handed down with all the essential points of good oarsmanship. But the art of propelling the Mat Taylor, and boats afterwards used of the same sort of type, was taught by Mr. Warre.

We have alluded to the doubts at first in the minds of old Etonians about the eight going to Henley, and the great changes effected at that time. No one now will say that it was anything but unmixed good for the school. The convivial entertainments of Check nights and Oppidan dinners had already become institutions of a past age. Drinking and smoking had died out, and all that was wanted to stir the boys from lounging about in their skiffs under willow bushes and back streams was the excitement of a great annual race and the effort to qualify for a place in the eight. There have almost always been Eton men in the University crews, and since 1861 there have sometimes been as many as five in one crew, and certainly as many, if not more, in every 'Varsity' race. Eton has always had its full share of the Presidentships. Third Trinity, Cambridge, has never ceased to hold its own in a high position on the Cam, and we have never heard a word of any deterioration, and much the other way, of the moral effect on the boys of being coached during their training. The special advantage of having the river as a recreation place in addition to the playing fields puts Eton to the front in athletics among our public schools; and the use of varieties of boats from early life, under all sorts of difficulties, on a rapid stream, and having to keep his proper side to avoid other craft, makes the 'Wet bob' a first class waterman. Floreat Etona.

Captains of the Boats and Notable Events.

Year Captain of the Boats Notable Events

1812 G. Simson -

1814 R. Wyatt -

1815 T. Hill -

1816 Bridgeman Simpson -

1816 M. Bligh -

1817 J. O. Secher -

1818 J. H. Tuckfield -

1819 R. Tuckfield -

1820 Lord Dunlo -

1821 M. Ashley -

1822 J. A. Kinglake -

1823 P. J. Nugent -

1824 W. Carew -

1825 A. Leith -

1825 M. Clifford -

1826 T. Staniforth -

1827 T. H. Taunton -

1828 T. Edwardes-Moss -

1829 Lord Alford Beat Westminster

1830 G. H. Ackers -

1831 C. M. Roupell Beat Westminster; beaten by Leander

1832 E. Moore -

1833 G. Arkwright -

1834 J. Quicke -

1835 E. Stanley -

1836 E. Fellowes Beat Westminster

1837 W. J. Garnett Beaten by Westminster

1838 P. J. Croft -

1839 W. C. Rayer -

1840 W. R. Harris-Arundell Beat Old Etonians, and an Oxford Etonian Club

1841 W. R. Harris-Arundell Beat Cambridge Subscription Room

1842 F. J. Richards Beaten by Westminster

1843 F. E. Tuke Beat Westminster

1844 W. W. Codrington -

1845 H. A. F. Luttrell Beaten by Westminster

1846 G. F. Luttrell Beaten by Westminster

1847 C. H. Miller Beat Westminster; beaten by Thames in Putney Regatta

1848 H. H. Tremayne -

1849 R. B. H. Blundell -

1850 G. M. Robertson Beat scratch Cambridge crew; beaten by Oxford

1851 J. B. H. Blundell -

1852 C. H. R. Trefusis Beaten by an Oxford crew

1853 J. J. Harding -

1854 J. C. Moore Beat a scratch Oxford crew

1855 R. L. Lloyd Beaten by a Cambridge crew and by Balliol

1856 G. S. F. Lane-Fox Beat an Oxford and Cambridge mixed crew by a foul, and beaten by an Oxford eight

1857 T. Baring Beaten by an Oxford eight

1858 Mr. Lawless[15] Beat Radley at Henley

1859 C. A. Wynne -

1860 R. H. Blake Humfrey[16] Beat Westminster

1861 R. H. Blake Humfrey Beat Westminster and Radley; beaten by Trinity College, Cambridge

1862 C. B. Lawes Beat Westminster and Radley; beaten by University College at Henley

1863 W. R. Griffiths Beat Trinity Hall, Brasenose, and Radley; beaten by University College at Henley

1864 S. C. Cockran Beat Trinity Hall, Cambridge, and Radley, and won Ladies' Plate at Henley

1865 J. Mossop -

1866 E. Hall Won Ladies' Plate against Black Prince, Cambridge

1867 W. D. Benson Won Ladies' Plate against Radley

1868 J. M'Clintock-Bunbury Won Ladies' Plate against University College and Pembroke, Oxford

1869 T. Edwardes-Moss Won Ladies' Plate against Lady Margaret, Cambridge

1870 F. A. Currey Won Ladies' Plate against Dublin Trinity College

1871 F. C. Ricardo Won heats of Grand Challenge and of Ladies' Plate

1872 E. R. S. Bloxsome -

1873 T. Edwardes-Moss Won first heat of Grand Challenge against Balliol

1874 T. Edwardes-Moss Won second heat of Grand Challenge against First Trinity, Cambridge, and B.N.C., Oxford

1875 A. J. Mulholland Beaten by Dublin in Ladies' Plate

1876 G. Cunard Beaten by Caius College, Cambridge, in Ladies' Plate

1876 S. Sandbach -

1877 M. F. G. Wilson Beat Cheltenham, but beaten by Jesus College for Ladies' Plate

1878 G. Grenville-Grey Won second heat against Cheltenham; beaten by Jesus College in final for Ladies' Plate

1879 L. R. West Won second heat against Hertford College; beaten by Lady Margaret in final for Ladies' Plate

1880 G. C. Bourne Won first heat, beaten by Trinity Hall, Cambridge, in final for Ladies' Plate

1881 G. C. Bourne -

1882 F. E. Churchill Won Ladies' Plate, after interval of twelve years

1883 H. S. Close Won first heat Ladies' Plate; lost with broken stretcher in final

1884 H. McLean Won Ladies' Plate

1885 C. Barclay Won Ladies' Plate

1886 C. T. Barclay Beaten by Pembroke College in final for Ladies' Plate

1887 Lord Ampthill Beaten by Second Trinity Hall in final for Ladies' Plate

1888 Lord Ampthill -

[15] Now Lord Gloncurry.

[16] Changed his name to Mason.

* * *

CHAPTER XVI.

WATERMEN AND PROFESSIONALS.

The London waterman is the oldest type of professional oarsmanship. He was called into existence for the purpose of locomotion, and race-rowing was a very secondary consideration with him in the first instance. Just as in the present day credentials of respectability are required by the Commissioners of Police of drivers of cabs and omnibuses (and none may ply for hire in these capacities within the metropolis unless duly licensed), so in olden days great stress was laid on the due qualification of watermen. An aspirant was and is required to serve seven years' apprenticeship before he can be 'free' of the river, and until he is 'free' of it he may not ply for hire upon it under heavy penalties for so doing. This regulation is in the interests of public safety. If apprentices exhibit special talent for rowing they can win what are called 'coats and badges,' given by certain corporate bodies, and by so doing they can take up their 'freedom' without paying fees for the privilege. We believe that no such restrictions exist on our other British rivers. The rule survives on the Thames because in olden times the Thames was a highway for passenger traffic in 'wherries.' In those times, where a passenger would now go to a thoroughfare or call a cab, he would have gone to the nearest 'stairs' and have hailed a wherry. London had not then grown to its present dimensions, and the Thames lay conveniently as a highway between Westminster, the City, and the docks.

Amateurs began to take up rowing early in the present century as a sport; and these contests seem to have fostered the idea of match-making among watermen. The title of a Champion of the Thames seems first to have been held by one R. Campbell, who beat C. Williams, another waterman, in a match on September 9, 1831, and also beat R. Coombes in a match the date of which is doubtful, but it was in heavy boats. Campbell was a powerful and heavy man, while Coombes weighed less that ten stone. Coombes turned the tables on Campbell a few years later (in 1846), and for some years Coombes was held to be invincible. In those times London watermen could, at scratch, man an eight to hold or even beat the best trained crew of amateurs. The original waterman's wherry was a vehicle of conveyance; it was of much greater size than would be required to carry one man alone in a sheer contest for speed, but so soon as 'racing' came into vogue among watermen, lighter craft were built for matches, and were called 'wager' boats. The hull of the wherry was constructed as narrow as possible, and the sides flared out just at the greatest beam, so as to allow of sufficient width to carry the rowlocks with the requisite leverage for the sculls. This detail has already been treated in Chapter XI. under the head of 'boat building.'

Coombes had been beaten by Campbell in old-fashioned wherries, such as could be used for the business of conveying passengers. When he in turn defeated Campbell both men used 'wager boats.' The time came when years told on Coombes, and he had to yield to his own pupil Cole. Coombes was not convinced by his defeat, and made another match, but Cole this time won with greater ease. They rowed in 'outriggers' on these occasions. Cole in turn succumbed to Messenger of Teddington in 1855, and two years later Harry Kelley, the best waterman the Thames ever produced, either as an oarsman or as a judge of rowing, beat Messenger. Up to this time London watermen had been considered invincible at sculling. Harry Clasper had produced four-oar crews from the Tyne to oppose Coombes and his four, but no Tyne sculler had dared to lay claim to the Championship. However, in 1859 Robert Chambers was matched with Kelley, and to the horror of the Thames men their favourite was beaten, and with considerable ease. The Tyne man was the bigger, and had a very long sweep with his sculls; on that day he showed to great advantage, the more so because Kelley was not sculling up to his best form. Defeated men can always suggest excuses for failure, and Kelley, for years after that race, averred that he had not been beaten on his merits; he had been kept waiting a long time at the post, and was cold and stiff at the start. In those days, whether in University matches or in public sculling races, the lead was a matter of special importance. In the first place the old code of rules were in force, which enabled a leading sculler to take his opponent's water, to wash him, to retain the captured course, and to compel his adversary to row round him in order to pass him. Secondly, and even more important, was the action of the crowds of steamers which followed such races. The Thames Conservancy had no control over them, and they would lie half-way up Putney Reach waiting for a race, and then steam alongside of or even ahead of the sternmost competitor. Their paddles drew away the water from him, and caused him literally to row uphill. Under such circumstances even the champion of the day would have found it next to impossible to overhaul even an apprentice sculler, if the latter were in clear water ahead of the steamer fleet and the former were a few lengths behind in the 'draw' of the paddles.

THAMES WATERMAN-CIRC. 1825.

All this was well known, and could be seen any day in an important Thames race (the hollowness of the Oxford wins of 1861 and 1862 against Cambridge was undoubtedly owing to the treatment which the Cantabs experienced from the steamers when once the lead had become decisive). Kelley argued to his friends that all that could be said of the race was that he could not go as fast that day as Chambers for the first mile, and that after this point, whether or not he could have rowed down his opponent was an open question, for the steamers never gave him a chance of fair play. However, for a long time Kelley could not find backers for a new match. Meantime, Tom White and Everson in turn tried their luck against Chambers and were hopelessly beaten. In 1863 Green the Australian came to England to make a match with Chambers. Green was a square, powerful man, about Kelley's height, but a stone heavier. He sculled upright in body, and with too much arm work for staying power, and did not make enough use of his body, especially as to swing back at the end of the stroke. He sculled a fast stroke, and so long as his arms lasted went a tremendous pace. Kelley and he fraternised, and practised together. When the match came off against Chambers, Green went right away for a mile, and then maintained his lead of three or more clear lengths for another half-mile. Chambers sculled rather below his form at first, wildly, as if flurried at being so easily led, but off Craven he settled down to his old long sweep, and held Green. The end came suddenly; off the Soap Works Green collapsed, clean rowed out, and Chambers finished at his leisure. This match did Kelley good with his friends, for they knew that he could always in private practice go by Green after a mile or so had been sculled, quite as easily as Chambers eventually had done. Proposals were broached for a match between the cracks of the Thames and Tyne, and although the Tyne party pressed to have the race on the Tyne, they gave way at last, and the venue was the Thames. The stakes were 200l. a side, as usual in Champion matches, and there was also a staked 'bet' of 300l. to 200l. on Chambers. (The race was on August 8, 1865.) The Tyne man was a strong favourite at the start, but Kelley got away with the lead, and was never again caught, winning cleverly by four lengths, and sculling in form such as was never seen before or after, on old-fashioned fixed seats. Just at this time there was a speedy Tyne sculler called Cooper; he lately had sculled a mile match with Chambers on the Tyne, and Chambers had won by one yard only, in a surf which was all in favour of the bigger man (Chambers). A week or two after the aforesaid Champion race, Kelley, Cooper, and Chambers met for a 300l. sweepstake (specially got up for these three men, over the two-mile tidal course of the 'Eau Brink Cut' at King's Lynn). Both Kelley and Chambers had been indulging a little after their Champion's training. Cooper, who had been lately beaten by Chambers in the Thames Regatta, for a 50l. purse (Hammersmith to Putney), was very fit, and jumped away from both the cracks. Chambers was short of wind, and was never in the race. Kelley stuck to Cooper, and rowed him down half a mile from the finish. Cooper then rowed across Kelley, fouled him, and drove him ashore. Cooper was properly disqualified on the foul. Next year Hammill the American came over to scull Kelley, and the races took place on the Tyne. One race was end on end, and the other round a stake boat. Kelley won each race with utter ease. Hammill's style was an exaggeration of Green's, all arm work, and a stroke up to 55 a minute at the start. About this time J. Sadler was rising to fame. He had been a chimney-sweep, and afterwards was 'Jack in the water' to Simmonds' yard at Putney. He, unfortunately for himself, exposed much of his merits when rowing for the Thames Regatta Sculls in 1865, and instead of making a profitable series of matches up the scale, beginning with third-rate opponents, he had to make his first great match with T. Hoare, who was reputed second only to Kelley on the Thames. Sadler beat Hoare easily, and was at the close of 1866 matched to scull Chambers for the Championship, Kelley having 'retired' from the title (Kelley and Sadler were allies at the time, and Sadler was Kelley's pupil). In the match Sadler went well and fast at Hammersmith, and then tired, fouled Chambers, and lost the race.

In the following year Kelley and Chambers were once more matched. Kelley came out of his retirement in consequence of some wrangling which had arisen out of the previous defeat of his pupil Sadler by Chambers. The new match took place on the Tyne, on a rough day and with a bad tide, on May 6. Kelley won and with some ease. It was evident that Chambers was no longer the man that he had been. He never again sculled for the Championship, but he took part in the Paris International Regatta in July of the same year. Very soon after this his lungs showed extensive disease, and he gradually sank of decline.

En passant we may say of Chambers that, apart from grand physique and science as an oarsman, he displayed qualities throughout his career which would stamp him as a model for champions of the present day. He was always courteous, never puffed up with success, never overbearing, and yet at the same time always fondly confident in his own powers and stamina. A more honourable man never sat in a boat. The writer recalls a little incident as characteristic of Chambers. Just before the 1865 match against Kelley, he accosted Chambers at Putney and asked him if he wished to sell his boat after the match. (It was a common practice for Tyne scullers to do this, to save the cost of conveyance back to the Tyne.) Chambers replied, he would sell her. The writer asked if he might try her after the race. 'Hoot mon,' said Chambers, 'try her noo, if ye like.' Now the writer was known to be an ally of Kelley (who usually accompanied him when training on the tideway for sculling races). In these days we much doubt whether any championship candidate would allow a third person-whether amateur or professional-known to be in sympathy with his opponent, to set foot in his racing craft on the eve of a match. Nothing would be easier than to have an 'accident' with her; and all scullers know that to have to adopt a strange boat on the day of a match would be a most serious drawback. That Chambers never for a moment harboured such suspicion of his rivals shows that he judged them by his own faultless standard of fair play.

Not that we suggest for an instant that amateurs of this or of former days were ever suspected of being prone to foul play, but none the less do we believe that in these days few scullers in such a position as Chambers would have made the gratuitous offer which he did upon the occasion referred to.

In the autumn of 1867, Kelley and his pupil, J. Sadler, fell out; the result was a Champion match between them. On the first essay Kelley came in first after having been led, and having fairly tired Sadler out. But a foul had occurred when Kelley was giving Sadler the go-by, and the referee was unable to decide which was in the wrong. He accordingly ordered them to row again next day. The articles of the match provided for a start by 'mutual consent,' and somehow Sadler did not 'consent' at any moment when Kelley was ready. Strong opinions were expressed by several persons who watched the affair from the steamers, and eventually the referee ordered Kelley to row over the course. The stakes were awarded to Kelley by the referee, but Sadler brought an action against the stakeholder, M. J. Smith, then proprietor of the 'Sportsman' newspaper. The case became a cause célèbre. The Court decided that the referee had acted ultra vires in awarding the stakes to Kelley, inasmuch as he had not first taken the trouble to observe for himself Sadler's man?uvres at the starting post. He had formed his opinion from hearsay and separate statements. Eventually both parties withdrew their stakes.

In the year 1868 a new sculler of extraordinary merit came suddenly to the fore. The late Mr. J. G. Chambers, C.U.B.C., had got up a revived edition of the old Thames professional regattas, and with a liberal amount of added money. The sculls race brought out all the best men of the day, and among them Kelley; the distance was the full metropolitan course. Renforth, a Tyne sculler, electrified all by the ease with which he won. He was a heavier man than Kelley; he had a rather cramped finish at the chest, but a tremendous reach and grip forward. He slid on the seat to a considerable extent, especially when spurting.

Kelley was rather over weight at the time, and excuses were made for him on this score. As a matter of prestige he had to defend his title to the championship in a match, and he met Renforth on November 17. He made a better fight on that day than in the regatta sculls, but the youth and strength of Renforth were too much for the old champion. Renforth remained in undisputed possession until his death, which took place under very tragic circumstances during a four-oared match between an English and Canadian crew in Canada. The Englishmen were well ahead, when Renforth, rowing stroke, faltered, fainted, and died shortly after reaching shore. Some attributed his death to poison, some to epilepsy. The matter remains a mystery.

Sadler was now tacitly acknowledged to be the best sculler left in the kingdom (Kelley having retired). But Sadler could not claim the title of champion without winning it in a match. At last, in 1874, a mediocre Tyne sculler named Bagnall was brought out to row him for the title, and Sadler won easily enough.[17] Next year R. W. Boyd was the hope of the Tyne. He had a bad style for staying. He was all slide and no body swing; his body at the end of the stroke was unsupported by any leg work. So long as the piston action of his legs continued he went fast, but when the legs began to tire he stopped as if shot. His bad style was the result of his having taken to a slide before he had mastered the first principles of rowing upon a fixed seat, or had learned how to swing his body from the hips. Sadler, on the other hand, had been rowing for years on fixed seats before he ever saw a sliding seat; the veteran did not discard his old body swing when he took to the slide, but simply added slide to swing, whereas Boyd substituted slide for swing. The difference in style between the two was most marked when they showed in the race. Boyd had youth and strength on his side. Sadler was getting old and stale, his hair was grey, and he was not nearly so good as when he had rowed Kelley in 1867 (save that the slide added mechanically to his powers for speed). Boyd darted away with a long lead; before a mile had been crossed his piston action began to flag and his boat to go slower. Sadler plodded on, and when once up to him left him as if standing still, led easily through Hammersmith Bridge, and won hands down. Boyd never seemed to profit by this lesson. He stuck to his bad style so long as he was on the water, else he might have made a good sculler.

[17] This was the first champion race rowed on sliding seats.

In 1876 Australia once more challenged England. Sadler was the holder of the championship, and Trickett was the crack of Australia. The Australian was a younger and bigger man than Sadler; he slid well, but he bent his arms much too early in the stroke. This would tend to tire them prematurely, and if the pace could be kept up, Trickett would soon have realised the effects of this salient fault of his. But Sadler was older, staler, and more grizzled than ever. He made a poor fight against Trickett, and a few weeks later in the Thames Regatta Sculls he came in nowhere, finishing even behind old 'Jock' Anderson, who never had been more than a third-rate sculler. Enough was then seen to show that our best sculler, as to style, was hopelessly old and stale, and that our new men, even if faster than he, had no style to make them worthy to uphold the old country's honours on the water. Trickett returned to Australia without trying conclusions with any other of our scullers for the championship. He made a match with Lumsden, a Tyne man, but the latter forfeited. If at the moment it had been known that the Sadler of 1876 was some ten lengths in the mile inferior to the Sadler of 1875, it is likely that Lumsden would have gone to the post, and that some other British sculler would also have endeavoured, while there was time, to arrange a match with the Australian.

The title of Champion of the World had now left England. Sadler retired, and there was still an opening for candidature for his abandoned title. As regards the now purely local honours of the representatives of Britain in sculling, Mr. Charles Bush, a well-known supporter of professional sculling, had found a coal-heaver, by name Higgins, who had shown good form in a Thames regatta, and was looked upon as the rising man of the Thames. There was also a rising sculler of the name of Blackman, who had won the Thames Regatta Sculls. Higgins was matched for champion honours against Boyd, and the match came off on May 20, 1877, The wind blew a gale from S.W., and Boyd had the windward station. In such a cross wind station alone sufficed to decide the race, and Boyd won easily. The two met again on October 8 of the same year, and Higgins proved himself the better stayer of the two. He had a better idea of sliding than Boyd, and used his legs better and swung farther back. Boyd stuck to his piston action, and was rowed out in six minutes. They met a third time on the following January 11, this time on the Tyne, and once more Higgins won, after a foul. He was plainly the better man of the two for any distance beyond a mile.

In the succeeding summer a Durham pitman, one W. Elliott, came out as a Championship candidate. He was short and thick-set, and was decidedly clumsy at his first essay. He met Higgins, and was beaten easily. He improved rapidly and came out again the following September. The proprietors of the 'Sportsman' had established a challenge cup, to be won by three successive victories, under certain conditions. Higgins, Boyd, and Elliott competed for it, and Elliott beat them both. The final heat was on September 17. In the following year, 1879, Elliott and Higgins met on the Tyne, on February 21, and once more Elliott held his own. He remained the representative of British professional sculling until the arrival of Edward Hanlan in this country.

Hanlan first attracted notice at the Philadelphia regatta of 1876. Mr. R. H. Labat, of the Dublin University, London, and Thames Rowing Clubs, took part in that regatta, and entered into conversation with Hanlan. He, as one of the L.R.C. men, lent Hanlan a pair of sculls for the occasion, and with them Hanlan won the Open Professional Sculling Prize. He beat among others one Luke, who had beaten Higgins in a trial heat. Higgins was at the moment suffering from exertions in a four-oared race earlier in the day, so that his defeat did not occasion much surprise; but Mr. Labat on his return to England told the writer of this chapter that in his opinion Hanlan was far and away the best sculler he had ever seen, and that even if Higgins had been fresh and fit, Hanlan would have been too good for him. At that date Hanlan had not made his great reputation, but the soundness of Mr. Labat's estimate of his powers was fully verified subsequently.

In 1879 Hanlan, having beaten the best American scullers, came to England to row for the 'Sportsman' Challenge Cup. He commenced his career in England by beating a second-rate northern sculler, in a sort of trial match; but this was only a feeler before trying conclusions with Elliott. The two met on the Tyne on June 16, and Elliott was simply 'never in it.' Hanlan led him, played with him, and beat him as he liked.

It did not require any very deep knowledge of oarsmanship to enable a spectator to observe the vast difference which existed between his style and that of such men as Boyd or Elliott. Hanlan used his slide concurrently with swing, carrying his body well back, with straight arms long past the perpendicular, before he attempted to row the stroke in by bending the arms. His superiority was manifest, and yet our British (professional) scullers seemed wedded to this vicious trick of premature slide and no swing, and doggedly declined to recognise the maxim

Fas est et ab hoste doceri.

At that rate the two best British scullers were, in the writer's opinion, two amateurs-viz., Mr. Frank Playford, holder of the Wingfield Sculls, and Mr. T. C. Edwardes-Moss, twice winner of the Diamonds at Henley. Either of these gentlemen could have made a terrible example of the best British professionals, could amateur etiquette have admitted a match between the two classes. The only time that these gentlemen met, Mr. Playford proved the winner, over the Wingfield course. A sort of line as to relative merit between amateur and professional talent is gained by recalling Mr. Edwardes-Moss's victory for the Diamond Sculls in 1878. In that year he met an American, Lee, then self-styled an amateur, but who now openly practises as a professional, and who is quite in the first flight of that class in America. He could probably beat any English professional of to-day, or at least make a close fight with our best man. When the two met at Henley Mr. Edwardes-Moss was by no means in trim to uphold the honour of British sculling. He had gone through three commemoration balls at Oxford about ten days before the regatta. He had only an old sculling boat, somewhat screwed and limp. He had lent her freely to Eton and Windsor friends during the preceding summer, not anticipating that he would need her to race in again; but when the regatta drew nigh he could find no boat to suit him, and had to make shift with the old boat. In the race he had to give Lee the inside, or Berks station; and all who have known Henley Regatta are well aware of the advantage of that side; it gives dead water for some hundreds of yards below Poplar Point, and still further gains on rounding the point. Three lengths would fairly represent the minimum of the handicap between the two stations on a smooth day, such as that of the race. The two scullers raced round the point, Lee leading slightly; but the Oxonian caught him and just headed him on the post. Lee stopped one stroke too soon, whether from exhaustion or error is uncertain, but the performance plainly stamped the English amateur as his superior, half trained and badly boated as he was. Over a champion course, in a match, Lee would in his Henley form have been a score or more lengths behind the Oxonian.

Enough can be guessed from these calculations to show that there would have been a most interesting race, to say the least, if it could have been arranged for a trial of power between Mr. Playford and Hanlan. The latter sculler used to admit, so we always understood, that the London Rowing Club sculler was the only man he had seen whom he did not feel confident of being able to beat.

Hanlan's style, good though it undoubtedly was, appeared to even greater advantage when seen alongside of the miserable form of our professionals. Hanlan was a well-made man, of middle height, and a thoroughly scientific sculler. He was the best exponent of sliding-seat sculling among professionals, only a long way so; but we, who can recall Kelley and Chambers in their best days, must hold to the opinion that the two latter were, ceteris paribus, as good professors of fixed-seat sculling as ever was Hanlan of the art on a slide. Had sliding seats been in vogue in 1860, and the next half-dozen years, we believe that Kelley and Chambers would have proved themselves capable of doing much the same that Hanlan did in his own generation. We have seen Kelley scull on a sliding seat. He was fat and short of wind, and never attempted to make a study of the leg-work of sliding; but, being simply an amateur at it, his style was a model for all our young school to copy. Like all old fixed-seat oarsmen who have attained merit in the old school, he stuck to his traditional body swing, and added the slide to it, as it were instinctively. There could hardly be a greater contrast of action than to see scullers like Boyd or Blackman kicking backwards and forwards, with piston action and helpless bodies doubled up at the finish, and to observe, paddling within sight of these, old stagers like Biffen and Kelley in a double-sculling boat fitted with slides. It was easy to see that until the new generation of British professionals could be taught first principles of rowing on a fixed seat, there was small chance of their ever acquiring the proper use of the slide as exemplified by Hanlan.

To return to Hanlan's performances. The Championship of the 'World' still rested in Trickett, who had further maintained his title (since he had beaten Sadler), by defeating Rush on the Paramatta, Sydney, on June 30, 1877. Rush had once been the Australian champion; Trickett had beaten him before tackling Sadler, and this was a new attempt by Rush to regain his lost honours. Technically, Trickett could have claimed to defend his title in his own country; but plenty of money was forthcoming to recoup him for expenses of travel, and he assented to meet Hanlan on the Thames for the nominal trophy of the 'Sportsman' Challenge Cup, but really for the wider honour of champion of the world. The match came off on November 16, 1880, and Trickett was defeated with even greater ease than Elliott on the Tyne.

Just about this date a sculling regatta, open to the world, was organised on the Thames. It was got up purely for commercial purposes by a company called the 'Hop Bitters,' who required to advertise their wares. Nevertheless, it produced good sport. Hanlan did not compete in it. It came off only two days after his match with Trickett. Our British scullers took part in it, and with most humiliating results. Not one of them could gain a place in the final heat, for which four prizes were awarded to the four winners of trial heats. The four winners of the contest were one and all either colonials or Americans, and the winner was one Elias Laycock, also a Sydney man, and undoubtedly a better sculler than Trickett, although the latter was the nominal champion of Australia at the time. Laycock sculled in good style, so far as leg-work and finish of the stroke; his body action was not cramped, but he had not so long a swing as should, if possible, be displayed by a man of his size. He scaled rather above twelve stone. Wallace Ross, who finished second to him, after leading him some distance, had been the favourite, and had been reputed as only a trifle inferior to Hanlan. The forward reach and first part of Ross's stroke was as good as could be wished, but he had a cramped, tiring, and ugly finish with his arms and shoulders. When Laycock succeeded in beating him a furore was created; Laycock's staying powers were unmistakable, and many who saw him fancied that his stamina would enable him to give Hanlan trouble before the end of four miles. Laycock himself was not endued with so high an opinion of his own merits; but he was too game a man to shirk a contest when it was proposed to him, and the result was that he was soon matched to scull Hanlan.

The match came off on the following February 14, 1881, over the Thames course. Laycock stuck to his work all the way, but was never in it for speed. Hanlan led from start to finish, and won easily. A year later Hanlan was back in England to row Boyd on the Tyne. Boyd's friends fondly fancied that he had developed some improvement, but it was a delusion. Never was an oarsman more wedded to vicious style and wanton waste of strength than the pet of the Tyne. The race came off on April 3, 1882, and was, of course, an easy paddle for Hanlan. The knowledge that Hanlan was going to be again on English waters, brought about a return match between him and Trickett. This was rowed on the Thames on May 1 following, and once more the Canadian won easily.

No one in Britain thought fit to challenge Hanlan again, after the decisive manner in which he had disposed of all his opponents; but in his own country he twice defended his title, in 1883. On May 31 in that year he rowed J. L. Kennedy, a comparatively new man, in Massachusetts, and beat him; and on the following July 18 he once more met his old opponent, Wallace Ross, on the St. Lawrence, and beat him, though after a closer race than heretofore.

In England about this time sculling had sunk even lower among professionals than in the days when Boyd and Elliott were the professors of the science. These men had retired; there were sundry second and third class competitors for champion honours, among them one Largan, who had been to Australia to scull a match or two, and one Perkins, and one Bubear. The latter at first was inferior to Perkins, and was a man of delicate health and somewhat difficult to train. He often disappointed his backers by going amiss just before a match was due, but he took rather more pains with his style than other British scullers had done of late, and eventually he succeeded in surpassing them, and in becoming the representative (such as it was) of British professional oarsmanship.

We should mention that in 1881 the brothers Messrs. Walter and Harry Chinnery most generously made an expensive attempt to raise the lost standard of British sculling, by giving 1000l. in prizes for a series of years, to be sculled for. These two gentlemen were well-known leading amateur athletes in their day. The elder had been a champion amateur long-distance runner; the younger had won the amateur boxing championship, and had rowed a good oar at Henley regattas and elsewhere. It may be invidious to look a gift horse in the mouth, but we feel that this generous subsidy of the Messrs. Chinnery was practically wasted for want of being fettered with a certain condition. That condition should have been, that the competitions for the Chinnery prizes should be on fixed seats. One reason why professional racing has fallen off of late so much, compared to amateur performances, may be found in the fact that amateurs are taught, and are willing to be taught, from first principles: whereas our professionals nowadays are little better than self-taught. Rowing and sculling require scientific instruction more than ever on slides. In old days the main business of a professional oarsman was to carry passengers in his boat; the calling produced a large following, and out of these some few were good oarsmen and took to boat-racing as well as to mere plying for hire. Here there was a natural nursery for professional racing oarsmen. The disuse of the wherry for locomotion destroyed this nursery; we have already shown that our later professionals are as a rule neither London watermen nor Tyne keelmen. They are a medley lot by trade; a chimney-sweep, a collier, a coal-heaver, a miner, a cabman, &c., all swell the ranks. Such men as these take to the water simply for what they can make out of it, by racing on it. Their one ambition is to race, and to run before they can decently walk. Hence they do not go through the school of fixed-seat rowing before they graduate on sliders, and they have no instructors, nor will they listen to advice.

Amateurs, on the other hand, belong as a rule to clubs; and all clubs of any prestige coach their juniors carefully, and lay down rules for their improvement. Two very usual club rules are, that juniors shall not begin by racing in keelless crank boats, but in steady 'tub'-built craft. No such control exists over junior professionals; if a bricklayer's apprentice takes to the water in spare hours, and begins to fancy himself as an oarsman, he will probably find friends who will back him for a small stake against some brother hobbledehoy. Each of these aspirants will thus endeavour to use the speediest boat and appliances that he can obtain. Unfortunately it so happens that sliding seats give so much extra power that even bad sliding à la Boyd produces more pace than good fixed-seat rowing. The result of this is, that, however little a tiro may know of rowing, he will, in a day or two, get more pace on a slide than if he adhered to a fixed seat. So the two cripples race each other on slides, before they have acquired the barest rudiments of swing, and as a natural result they can never be expected hereafter to progress beyond mediocrity.

Now, if there were prizes offered for rising professionals, subject to the condition that sliding seats should not be used, these tiros would have some chance of being induced to study the art of using the body for swing, and of mastering this all-important feature in oarsmanship, before they ventured to fly so high as to race upon slides.

Twenty and more years ago there was a class of match-making on the Thames which is now obsolete. This was to row in what were called 'old-fashioned' wager boats, i.e. the lightest form of wherry which used to be built before H. Clasper established outriggers. The keelless boat requires a sharp catch up at the beginning to get the best pace out of it, and it also requires more 'sitting' to keep it on an even keel. (If it is not on an even keel, the hands do not grip the water evenly, and power thereby is wasted.) It was because this fact used to be realised in those days better than now, that so many rough scullers were matched in 'old-fashioned' boats, rather than in 'best and best' boats, as the fastest built craft were usually styled in the articles of matches. It would do good if this quondam practice of matching duffers on even terms in steady old-fashioned craft could be re-introduced on the Thames.

Another incident has tended greatly to the deterioration of professional rowing, and this is the lapse of professional regattas. Certain gentlemen connected with the University and the leading Thames boat clubs used formerly to get up an annual summer regatta for the benefit of professional oarsmen. In the 'forties' a somewhat similar regatta had also existed for a time, but it had consisted of amateur competitions as well as of professional. This earlier regatta faded away when its chief trophy, the 'Gold Cup' for amateur eight oars, was won thrice in succession by, and became the property of, the 'Thames Club.' (That Thames Club is now extinct, and must not be confounded with the well-known 'Thames Rowing Club' of the present day.) Some of the members of the Thames crew that won this 'Gold Cup' in the forties are still to be found, the most notable of them being Messrs. Frank Playford, senr. (amateur champion in 1849); and Rhodes Cobb, the president of the Kingston Rowing Club. (The sons of each of these old athletes have similarly made their mark in aquatics of the present generation.) Owing to the action of the chairman of a steamboat company and other gentlemen who had other interests than those of boating to serve, these regattas have lapsed.

To resume-as to Thames regattas. The Thames Subscription Club, between 1861 and 1866, got up a Thames regatta, which annually produced fine sport between Thames and Tyne men, and once or twice good Glasgow crews joined in the competition. In 1866 the amateur element was introduced as a mixture. This was the last year of the series.

Meantime the late Mr. H. H. Playford had for three years laboured to form a sort of 'nursery' regatta for professionals. It was styled the 'Sons of the Thames' regatta, and it had the effect of bringing out several good men, such as the Biffens, Wise, Tagg, &c., who afterwards distinguished themselves in the greater regattas on the Thames, which were open to the world. Never was professional rowing at higher flood than just at this date, thanks to the gentleman referred to.

In 1867 there was no regatta; but in 1868 a new series was founded. The late Messrs. J. G. Chambers, George Morrison, Allan Morrison, Rev. R. W. Risley, the Playfords, Brickwood and other prominent amateurs, gave money and labour to aid the scheme, and it flourished right well for nine seasons. It produced, like the preceding series, fine rowing, and many a subsequent sculling or four-oar match arose out of the regatta contests. So far these regattas had been promoted solely for sport, and in pure unselfishness. In 1876 a steamboat company originated the idea of a Thames regatta, and advertised a scheme. Subscriptions were obtained from several of the City sources which had formerly subscribed to bona fide Thames regatta, and thus the funds of the old-established meeting were sapped. The latter came off all the same that year, there thus being two Thames regattas for one season. But there were not funds to carry on two such meetings, and the amateur promoters of the old established regatta retired next year in favour of the speculative promoters. The speculative regatta lived just one year more, and then its promoters gave up, and left our British professionals with no regatta at all to encourage them.

And this was just at a time when our champion honours had been wrested from us, and when we needed more than ever some disinterested assistance, in order to revive and encourage the falling fortunes of professional oarsmanship! It was too late to revive the old regatta; the hand of Death was busy among the old amateurs who had founded the second series, and the four or five gentlemen whose names headed the list of promoters (supra) have passed rapidly away, from one cause or another, in the prime of life. Whether hereafter any combination of later amateurs will once more come to the rescue, as did the late Messrs. Chambers, H. Playford, the Morrisons, and Risley, remains to be seen. If they do so, we hope they will found something, at first, more on the lines of the Playford series of 'Sons of the Thames' regatta, to bring out new blood; and that they will insist upon no slides being used in any race of the meeting, for at least two seasons. Slides are not allowed in the public schools fours (lately rowed for at Henley, and now competed for at Marlow), nor in Oxford torpids, nor in Cambridge lower division races. Nor do the leading amateur tideway clubs allow their juniors to race on them in club matches. If we are to educate a new generation of professional talent, we must do so on the same general principle that we teach our junior amateurs in rowing clubs.

Since the date of Hanlan's invasion of Britain, British scullers have not been in the hunt for champion competitions. Such champion racing as has taken place has been confined to Canadians, Americans, or Australians. In 1884, May 22, Laycock was once more brought out to row Hanlan on the Nepean river, New South Wales, and Hanlan again held his own. Meantime an emigrant (in childhood) from Chertsey, one William Beach, had been rapidly improving his style in New South Wales. He took hints from his conquerors until, when he was about forty, a time when most scullers are past their prime, he could beat all comers in his own colony. Hanlan was persuaded to visit Australia to row him, and the first match between them came off August 16, 1884, on the Paramatta. To the surprise of all, Beach went as fast as Hanlan, and outstayed him. Excuses were made for this reverse to one who had been reckoned invincible: Hanlan had been unfairly washed by a steamer, and some fancied he had held Beach too cheap, and was not fully trained. Another match was made for March 28, 1885. Meantime Beach easily beat, on February 28 of that year, another colonial challenger, T. Clifford. In his return match with Hanlan he fairly tired the Canadian out. Beach scales a trifle over twelve stone, and proves the truth of the old saying that a good big one is better than a good little one.

In December of 1885 Hanlan beat Neil Matterson, a young and rising Australian candidate for the championship.

In the summer of 1886, a large amount was subscribed for a series of sculling prizes on the Thames. Beach was in England, training for a match against Gaudaur of St. Louis, U.S., who had lately beaten the best American scullers. Gaudaur did not row in this regatta of scullers, but Beach did.

The trial heats of this regatta were rowed in stretches of about three miles each, following the tide over different parts of the tideway. In the first heat Neil Matterson beat Ross. In the second, Teemer, U.S., beat Perkins, a London sculler. Bubear rowed over for the third heat, and the fourth was won by Beach beating Lee, U.S. (once a pseudo amateur and an unsuccessful competitor for the Diamond Sculls of Henley!) Next day Beach beat Bubear, and Teemer beat Matterson. The final heat took place over the regulation course of Putney to Mortlake. Beach won as he liked, on a tide that was not first class, in 22 min. 16 secs. The racing occupied August 31, and September 1 and 2.

On September 18, Beach met Gaudaur for the championship over the Putney course. Beach was, as the race showed, a little 'off;' apparently he had been indulging; for to look at Gaudaur few would have expected him to make such a close fit of the race as he did. The stakes were 500l. a side. The tide was a good one, and the water was smooth beyond Hammersmith. Beach led, and seemed to have the race safe off Chiswick. Then he began to lose ground, Gaudaur came up to him, and Beach stopped, apparently rowed out. Possibly he had 'stitch,' as the sequel shows. Gaudaur got just in front of Beach, and could not get away. Beach stopped again, and still Gaudaur could do little better than paddle. Half way up Horse Reach Beach seemed to recover, and once more came up with his man. He led by a few feet at Barnes Bridge, and after that drew steadily away, winning by three lengths in the exceptionally good time of 22 min. 30 secs. or 22 min. 29 secs.

A week later Beach did a much finer performance, for time. He rowed Wallace Ross for the championship, over the usual course, and beat him in a common paddle, without being extended, and with wind foul, on a neap tide, in 23 min. 5 secs. The pace of this tide, let alone foul wind, must have been about a minute to a minute and a quarter (if not more) slower than the tide on which Beach and Gaudaur had sculled some days before. Those who know the effect of tides on pace, will admit that this last performance, all things considered, is Beach's best, and is also the best ever accomplished by any sculler over the Thames tideway course. Had Beach been on a spring tide that day, and been doing his best, he would probably have done a good deal faster than 21 min. 30 secs. over our champion course. All factors considered, we believe that the present champion sculler is the fastest that the world has yet produced, better than even Hanlan at his best. To compare him with the best old fixed-seat champions would be invidious to all parties. Each in his day made the best of the mechanical appliances at his disposal, and was A1 in style for their use.

* * *

A FOUL.

CHAPTER XVII.

LAWS OF BOAT-RACING (THEIR HISTORY, AND RULES OF THE ROAD).

Laws of boat-racing, until 1872, were variously read by various executives. One rule was common to all, and yet differently interpreted by many an umpire or referee. It was that which related to a boat's course.

The old rule was, that a boat which could take a clear lead of an opponent, and which could cross the proper track of that opponent with such clear lead, became entitled to the 'water' so taken. The boat astern had then to change its course, and to take its leader's vacated course. If thereafter they fouled, through the leader returning to the vacated water, the leader lost; if through the sternmost boat catching the leader in the 'captured' water, then the pursuer lost. Also, under the old code, a foul, however slight, lost a race, if one boat was in its right and the other in its wrong course at the time. If both were in the wrong, the foul did not count.

This code led to many a wrangle over fouls. It also opened the door to sharp practice-e.g. a leader might cross an opponent, by dint of pure speed; and then, being in, his 'right' water, by dint of having crossed with a 'clear lead,' the leader might 'accidentally' shut off speed, before the boat behind had time to change its course. This forced on a foul, and the leader could then claim his pound of flesh, and the race. An umpire had no discretion in the matter.

In 1872 a meeting of leading amateurs drew up a new code. This code was put in force at the Thames watermen's regattas, governed by amateurs. In time Henley adopted them, as did all leading regattas. Watermen for some time had a liking for the old code and its facilities for 'win, tie, or wrangle' in a match, but as time passed on the new code gained ground, and gradually the old one became obsolete. The late Mr. John Graham Chambers, C.U.B.C., was the leading spirit in this reform.

The revised code is now part of the creed of the Amateur Rowing Association, of which mention has already been made. These rules are now appended. The Henley executive publish a similar code, but differently numbered. Rule 15 is more of a regatta rule. It is usually waived in sculling matches, and in the Wingfield Sculls for the amateur championship its operation is, by order of the parliament of old champions, suspended.

The Laws of Boat-racing as approved by the Amateur Rowing Association.

1. The starter, on being satisfied that the competitors are ready, shall give the signal to start.

2. If the starter considers the start false, he shall at once recall the boats to their stations, and any boat refusing to start again shall be disqualified.

3. Any boat not at its post at the time specified shall be liable to be disqualified by the umpire.

4. The umpire may act as starter as he thinks fit; when he does not so act, the starter shall be subject to the control of the umpire.

5. Each boat shall keep its own water throughout the race, and any boat departing from its own water will do so at its peril.

6. A boat's own water is its straight course, paralleled with those of the other competing boats, from the station assigned to it at starting to the finish.

7. The umpire shall be sole judge of a boat's own water and proper course during the race.

8. No fouling whatever shall be allowed; the boat committing a foul shall be disqualified.

9. It shall be considered a foul when, after the race has commenced, any competitor by his oar, boat, or person comes in contact with the oar, boat, or person of another competitor, unless in the opinion of the umpire such contact is so slight as not to influence the race.

10. The umpire may, during the race, caution any competitor when in danger of committing a foul.

11. The umpire, when appealed to, shall decide all questions as to a foul.

12. A claim of foul must be made to the judge or the umpire by the competitor himself before getting out of his boat.

13. In case of a foul the umpire shall have the power-

(a) To place the boats-except the boat committing the foul, which is disqualified-in the order in which they come in;

(b) To order the boats engaged in the race, other than the boat committing the foul, to row over again on the same or another day;

(c) To re-start the qualified boats from the place where the foul was committed.

14. Every boat shall abide by its accidents.

15. No boat shall be allowed to accompany a competitor for the purpose of directing his course or affording him other assistance. The boat receiving such direction or assistance shall be disqualified at the discretion of the umpire.

16. The jurisdiction of the umpire extends over the race, and all matters connected with it, from the time the race is specified to start until its final termination, and his decision in all cases shall be final and without appeal.

17. Any competitor refusing to abide by the decision or to follow the directions of the umpire shall be disqualified.

18. The umpire, if he thinks proper, may reserve his decision, provided that in every case such decision be given on the day of the race.

The 'rule of the road' on the river is not settled quite as hard and fast as on land, or in marine navigation; but certain general principles are recognised by all rowing men of experience, for the sake of mutual safety. The following draft of the recognised principles referred to is set forth by the editor of the 'Rowing Almanack,' and other authorities, to whom rowing men are much indebted for the publication.

In case of any 'running-down' action, arising out of a collision between pleasure-boats on the Thames, it would probably go hardly with the occupants of a boat which had brought about an accident by disregard of these 'rules of the road.'

'The Rule of the Road' on the River.

The following are the generally recognised rules adopted by the leading rowing clubs:-

1. A row-boat going against the stream or tide should take the shore or bank-which bank is immaterial-and should keep inside all boats meeting it.

2. A row-boat going with stream or tide should take a course in mid-river, and should keep outside all boats meeting it.

3. A row-boat overtaking another boat proceeding in the same direction should keep clear of the boat it overtakes, which should maintain its course.

4. A row-boat meeting another end-on in still or open waters, or lakes, should keep to the right as in walking, leaving the boat passed on the port or left side.

5. A row-boat with a coxswain should give way to a boat without a coxswain, subject to the foregoing rules, in so far as they apply.

6. A boat towing with stream or tide should give way to a boat towing against it, and if it becomes necessary to unship or drop a tow-line, the former should give way to the latter; but when a barge towing is passed by a pleasure-boat towing, the latter should give way and go outside, as a small boat is the easier of the two to manage, in addition to which the river is the barge's highway.

7. A row-boat must give way to a sailing-boat.

8. When a row-boat and a steamer pass each other, their actions should, as a rule, be governed by the same principle as on two row-boats passing; but in shallow waters the greater draughts of the steam-vessel should be remembered, and the row-boat give way to her.

CLIEFDEN.

* * *

'THE TEMPLE OF FAME.'

WINNERS OF THE WINGFIELD SCULLS.

Time Winner m. s. Losers

1830 J. H. Bayford - { Lewis, Wood, Horneman, Revel,

A. Bayford, C. Duke, Hume

1831 C. Lewis - Bayford

1832 A. A. Julius - Lewis

1833 a C. Lewis - Julius

1834 A. A. Julius - rowed over

1835 A. A. Julius - rowed over

1836 H. Wood - Patrick Colquhoun

1837 P. Colquhoun - Wood, Jones

1838 a H. Wood - { Colquhoun, C. Pollock, H.

Chapman

1839 a H. Chapman - Pollock, Crockford

1840 T. L. Jenkins - { Crockford, Wallace, A.

Earnshaw

1841 a T. L. Jenkins - Chapman

1842 H. Chapman - Wallace

1843 H. Chapman - Wallace, Kennedy, A. Earnshaw

1844 T. B. Bumpstead - { Chapman, Hon. G. Denman,

Romayne

1845 a H. Chapman - Bumpstead

1846 a W. Russell - Walmsley, Fellows, Dodd

1847 J. R. L. Walmsley - H. Murray, C. Harrington

1848 a J. R. L. Walmsley - rowed over

1849 a b F. Playford - T. R. Bone

1850 T. R. Bone - rowed over

1851 a T. R. Bone - rowed over

1852 E. G. Peacock - rowed over

1853 a J. Paine - { A. Rippingall, J. Nottidge,

H. C. Smith

1854 H. H. Playford - rowed over

1855 A. A. Casamajor - H. H. Playford

1856 A. A. Casamajor - rowed over

1857 A. A. Casamajor - rowed over

1858 A. A. Casamajor - rowed over

1859 A. A. Casamajor - rowed over

1860 a A. A. Casamajor - rowed over

1861 c E. D. Brickwood 29 0 G. R. Cox, A. O. Lloyd

1862 a W. B. Woodgate 27 0 E. D. Brickwood, G. R. Cox

1863 a J. E. Parker 25 0 E. B. Michell, J. Wallace

1864 W. B. Woodgate 25 35 W. P. Cecil, G. Ryan

1865 a C. B. Lawes 27 4 { W. B. Woodgate, E. B. Michell,

W. P. Cecil, T. Lindsay

1866 a E. B. Michell 27 26 W. B. Woodgate, J. G. Chambers

1867 W. B. Woodgate - rowed over

1868 a W. Stout 26 52 E. B. Michell, W. B. Woodgate

1869 A. de L. Long - rowed over

1870 A. de L. Long - { J. Ross, A. C. Yarborough,

W. Chillingworth

1871 W. Fawcus 26 13 A. de L. Long

1872 C. C. Knollys 28 30 W. Fawcus

1873 A. C. Dicker 25 40 { C. C. Knollys, N. H. Eyre,

F. S. Gulston

1874 A. C. Dicker 25 45 { W. H. Eyre, W. Fawcus, W.

Chillingworth

1875 F. L. Playford 27 6 A. C. Dicker

1876 F. L. Playford 24 46 { A. C. Dicker, A. V. Frere,

R. H. Labat

1877 F. L. Playford 24 20 { T. C. Edwardes-Moss, A. H.

Grove, J. H. Bucknill

1878 F. L. Playford 24 13 Alexander Payne

1879 a F. L. Playford 25 51 J. Lowndes

1880 Alex. Payne 24 8 J. Lowndes, C. G. White

1881 J. Lowndes 25 13 W. R. Grove

1882 A. Payne 27 40 W. R. Grove

1883 J. Lowndes - rowed over

1884 W. S. Unwin 24 12 { C. J. S. Batt, E. F. Green,

W. Hawkes, R. H. Smith

1885 W. S. Unwin - F. J. Pitman, C. W. Hughes

1886 a F. J. Pitman 24 12 { W. H. Cumming, A. M.

Cowper-Smith

1887 G. Nickalls - J. C. Gardner.

(a) Resigned.

(b) The course before this race was from Westminster to Putney, but for the first time it took place from Putney to Kew.

(c) The course was altered again this year to the present one, from Putney to Mortlake.

WINNERS AT HENLEY REGATTA.

GRAND CHALLENGE CUP.

m. s.

1839 Cambridge, Trin. Coll. 8 30

1840 Leander Club 9 15

1841 a London, Camb. Rooms -

1842 London, Camb. Rooms 8 30

1843 b Oxford University 9 0

1844 Oxford, Etonian Club 8 25

1845 Cambridge University 8 30

1846 London, Thames Club 8 15

1847 Oxford University 8 0

1848 Oxford University 9 11

1849 a Oxford, Wadham Coll. 8 0

1850 Oxford University r.o.

1851 c Oxford University 7 45

1852 Oxford University -

1853 Oxford University 8 3

1854 Cambridge, Trin. Coll. 8 15

1855 Cambridge University 8 32

1856 Royal Chester R.C. -

1857 London R.C. 7 55

1858 Cambridge University 7 43

1859 London R.C. 7 45

1860 Cambridge, First Trin. 8 45

1861 Cambridge, First Trin. 8 10

1862 London R.C. 8 5

1863 Oxford University 7 45

1864 Kingston R.C. 7 43

1865 Kingston R.C. 7 21

1866 Oxford, Etonian Club 8 22

1867 Oxford, Etonian Club 7 54

1868 London R.C. 7 20

1869 Oxford, Etonian Club 7 28

1870 d Oxford, Etonian Club 7 17

1871 Oxford, Etonian Club 7 55

1872 London R.C. 8 38

1873 London R.C. 7 52

1874 London R.C. 7 42

1875 Leander R.C. 7 19

1876 Thames R.C. 7 27

1877 e London R.C. 8 16 1?2

1878 Thames R.C. 7 41

1879 Camb., Jesus Coll. 8 39

1880 Leander B.C. 7 3

1881 London R.C. 7 24

1882 Oxford, Exeter Coll. 8 11

1883 London R.C. 7 51

1884 London R.C. 7 27

1885 Camb. Jesus Coll. 7 22

1886 Camb., Trin. Hall 6 53 1?2

1887 Camb., Trin. Hall 6 56

(a) Won on a foul.

(b) The winners only rowed seven oars in the final heat.

(c) Cambridge carried away a rowlock soon after starting.

(d) The fastest on record for the final.

(e) In the preliminary heat London did the course in 7 min. 12 secs.-the fastest time on record after that date.

STEWARDS' CUP.

m. s.

1841 a First class fours for medals. Won by Oxford Aquatic Club 10 5

1842 Oxford Club, London 9 16

1843 London, St. George's Club 10 15

1844 Oxford University 9 16

1845 Oxford University 8 25

1846 Oxford University -

1847 b Oxford C.C.C. r.o.

1848 Oxford C.C.C. r.o.

1849 London, Leander Club r.o.

1850 Oxford University r.o.

1851 Cambridge Univ. 8 54

1852 Oxford University -

1853 Oxford University 8 57

1854 Oxon., Pembroke Club 9 54

1855 Royal Chester R.C. -

1856 Argonaut Club -

1857 London R.C. 8 25

1858 London R.C. r.o.

1859 Camb., Third Trin. 8 25

1860 Camb., First Trin. 9 26

1861 Camb., First Trin. 9 35

1862 Oxon., Brasenose Coll. 8 40

1863 Oxford, Univ. Coll. 8 24

1864 London R.C. -

1865 Camb., Third Trin. 8 8

1866 Oxford, Univ. Coll. 9 20

1867 Oxford University 8 45

1868 London R.C. -

1869 London R.C. 8 36

1870 c Oxon., Etonian Club 8 5

1871 London R.C. -

1872 London R.C. 9 21

1873 d London R.C. 8 25

1874 London R.C. 9 0

1875 e London R.C. 7 56

1876 f London R.C. -

1877 London R.C. 9 7

1878 London R.C. 8 37

1879 Camb., Jesus Coll. 9 37

1880 Thames R.C. 7 58

1881 Oxford, Hert. Coll. 8 15

1882 Oxford, Hert. Coll. -

1883 Thames R.C. -

1884 Kingston R.C. -

1885 Camb., Trin. Hall 7 53

1886 Thames R.C. 7 39

1887 Camb., Trin. Hall. 7 53

(a) The prize which is now known as the Stewards' Challenge Cup was not instituted until the following year.

(b) Worcester College, Oxford, were also entered, but withdrawn.

(c) Fastest time on record with coxswains.

(d) Coxswains abolished.

(e) Fastest time on record.

(f) Won on a foul.

PAIR-OARS.

m. s.

1845 a Arnold and Mann, Cambridge -

1846 Milman and Haggard, Christ Church -

1847 b Falls and Coulthard, London -

1848 b Thompson and Johnson, Oxford -

1849 Peacock and Rayford -

1850 c Chitty and Hornby, Oxford r.o.

1851 Chitty and Guess -

1852 d Barker and Nind r.o.

1853 Barbee and Godson, Cambridge 10 0

1854 Cadogan and Short, Oxford 9 5

1855 Nottidge and Casamajor, London -

1856 Nottidge and Casamajor, London -

1857 Warren and Lonsdale, Oxford -

1858 Playford and Casamajor, London -

1859 Warre and Arkell, Oxford 9 0

1860 Casamajor and Woodbridge, London 11 50

1861 Woodgate & Champneys, Oxford -

1862 Woodgate & Champneys, Oxford 8 45

1863 Woodgate and Shepherd, Oxford r.o.

1864 Selwyn and Kinglake, Cambridge 9 29

1865 May and Fenner, London R.C. 9 7

1866 Woodgate and Corrie, Kingston R.C. 9 15

1867 Corrie and Brown, Eton and Radley 8 49

1868 Crofts and Woodgate, Oxford -

1869 Long and Stout, London R.C. 9 25

1870 Corrie and Hall, Kingston R.C. -

1871 Gulston and Long, London R.C. -

1872 Long and Gulston, London R.C. -

1873 Knollys and Trower, Kingston R.C. 9 22

1874 Gulston and Long, London R.C. 10 3

1875 b Herbert and Chillingworth -

1876 S. Le B. Smith and F. S. Gulston 8 35

1877 W. H. Eyre and J. Hastie 10 30

1878 W. A. Ellison and T. C. Edwardes-Moss 9 14

1879 F. S. Gulston and R. H. Labat, London R.C. 11 6

1880 E. H. Eyre and J. Hastie, Thames R.C. 8 45

1881 W. H. Eyre and J. Hastie, Thames R.C. 9 4

1882 D. E. Brown and J. Lowndes, Hertford Coll., Oxford -

1883 G. Q. Roberts and D. E. Brown, Twickenham R.C. 9 22

1884 J. Lowndes and D. E. Brown, Twickenham R.C. 9 1

1885 H. McLean and D. H. McLean, Etonians, Oxford -

1886 F. E. Churchill and A. D. Muttlebury, Third Trin., Cambridge 8 40

1887 C. T. Barclay and A. D. Muttlebury 8 45

(a) The first pair-oared race rowed at Henley, which was then called the Silver Wherries till 1850.

(b) Won on a foul.

(c) The race was rowed this year for the first time as the Silver Goblets.

(d) Short and Irving, of Oxford, withdrew in the final.

DIAMOND SCULLS.

m. s.

1844 a Bumpstead, Scullers' Club, London 10 32

1845 Wallace, Leander Club 11 30

1846 Sir Frederick Moon, Magdalen, Oxford -

1847 Maule, Trinity Coll., Cambridge 10 45

1848 Bagshawe, Camb. -

1849 Bone, Meteor Club, London -

1850 Bone, Meteor Club, London -

1851 Edwards, London -

1852 Macnaghten, Camb. -

1853 Rippingall, Camb. 10 2

1854 b Playford, Wandle College -

1855 Casamajor, Argonauts 9 27

1856 Casamajor, Argonauts -

1857 Casamajor, Argonauts -

1858 Casamajor, Argonauts r.o.

1859 E. D. Brickwood, London 10 0

1860 H. H. Playford, London 12 8

1861 Casamajor, Argonauts 10 4

1862 c E. D. Brickwood 9 40

1863 C. B. Lawes, Camb. 9 43

1864 W. B. Woodgate 10 10

1865 E. B. Michell, Oxford 9 5

1866 E. B. Michell, Oxford -

1867 W. C. Crofts, Oxford 10 2

1868 W. Stout, London R.C. -

1869 W. C. Crofts, Kingston 8 57

1870 J. B. Close, Camb. 9 43

1871 W. Fawcus, Tynemouth R.C. 10 9

1872 C. C. Knollys, Oxford 10 48

1873 A. C. Dicker, Camb. 9 13

1874 A. C. Dicker, Camb. 10 47

1875 A. C. Dicker, Camb. 9 15

1876 F. L. Playford, London R. C. 9 28

1877 T. C. Edwardes-Moss, Oxford 10 20

1878 T. C. Edwardes-Moss, Oxford 9 37 1?2

1879 J. Lowndes, Oxford 12 30

1880 J. Lowndes, Derby 9 10

1881 J. Lowndes, Derby 9 28

1882 J. Lowndes, Derby 11 43

1883 J. Lowndes, Thames R.C. 10 2

1884 W. S. Unwin, Magdalen 9 44

1885 W. S. Unwin, Magdalen 9 22

1886 F. J. Pitman, Third Trinity, Cambridge 9 5

1887 J. C. Gardner, Cambridge 8 51

(a) After two fouls the race was given in favour of Wallace.

(b) At Newenham a foul took place, and the race was awarded to Playford.

(c) After a dead heat, which was rowed in 10 minutes 22 seconds.

LADIES CHALLENGE PLATE FOR EIGHT-OARS.

Established 1845.

m. s.

1845 London, St. George's Club 8 25

1846 Camb., First Trin. -

1847 Oxford, Brasenose 9 0

1848 Oxon., Christ Church -

1849 Oxon., Wadham Coll. -

1850 Oxon., Lincoln Coll. r.o.

1851 Oxford, Brasenose 8 10

1852 Oxford, Pembroke College -

1853 Camb., First Trin. 8 15

1854 Camb., First Trin. 7 55

1855 Oxford, Balliol Coll. 7 58

1856 Royal Chester R.C. -

1857 Oxford, Exeter Coll. 7 57

1858 Oxford, Balliol Coll. 7 51

1859 Camb., First Trin. 7 55

1860 Camb., First Trin. r.o.

1861 Cambridge, First Trinity (r.o.) 8 17

1862 Oxford, Univ. Coll. 8 17

1863 Oxford, Univ. Coll. 7 23

1864 Eton College B.C. 7 56

1865 Camb., Third Trin. 7 38

1866 Eton College B.C. 8 16

1867 Eton College B.C. 7 56

1868 Eton College B.C. 7 25

1869 Eton College B.C. 7 56

1870 Eton College B.C. 7 47

1871 Oxford, Pembroke College 7 56

1872 Camb., Jesus Coll. 8 39

1873 Camb., Jesus Coll. 7 54

1874 Camb., First Trin. 8 9

1875 Dublin, Trin. Coll. 7 28

1876 Camb., Jesus Coll. 7 31

1877 Camb., Jesus Coll. 8 22

1878 Camb., Jesus Coll. 8 52

1879 Cambridge, Lady Margaret B.C. 8 52

1880 Camb., Trin. Hall 7 26

1881 Camb., First Trin. 7 51

1882 Eton College B.C. 8 37

1883 Oxon., Christ Church 7 50

1884 Eton College B.C. 7 37

1885 Eton College B.C. 7 21

1886 Camb., Pembroke College 7 17

1887 Trinity Hall, Cambridge (2nd crew) 7 10

VISITORS' CHALLENGE CUP FOR FOUR-OARS.

Established 1847.

m. s.

1847 Oxon., Christ Church 9 0

1848 Oxon., Christ Church -

1849 Oxon., Christ Church -

1850 Oxon., Christ Church -

1851 Oxon., Christ Church 9 0

1852 London, Argonauts Club -

1853 London, Argonauts Club -

1854 Camb., St. John's 8 48

1855 Camb., St. John's -

1856 Camb., St. John's -

1857 Oxford, Pembroke College 8 40

1858 Camb., First Trin. -

1859 Camb., Third Trin. -

1860 Camb., First Trin. -

1861 Camb., First Trin. 8 5

1862 Oxford, Brasenose College 8 40

1863 Oxford, Brasenose College -

1864 Oxford, Univ. Coll. -

1865 Camb., Third Trin. -

1866 Oxford, Univ. Coll. 8 49

1867 Oxford, Univ. Coll. -

1868 Oxford, Univ. Coll. 8 15

1869 Oxford, Univ. Coll. 9 7

1870 Dublin, Trin. Coll. 8 37

1871 Camb., First Trin. 9 8

1872 Oxford, Pembroke College 9 28

1873 Dublin, Trin. Coll. -

1874 Dublin, Trin. Coll. 8 50

1875 Oxford, Univ. Coll. 8 20

1876 Oxford, Univ. Coll. 8 5

1877 Camb., Jesus Coll. 9 7

1878 U.S.A., Columbia College 8 42

1879 Cambridge, Lady Margaret B.C. 9 21

1880 Camb., Third Trin. 8 16

1881 Camb., First Trin. 8 22

1882 Oxford, Brasenose College 9 23

1883 Oxon., Christ Church -

1884 Camb., Third Trin. 8 39

1885 Camb., Trin. Hall 7 41

1886 Cambridge, First Trinity B.C. 8 20 1?2

1887 Trinity Hall, Cambridge 8 8

WYFOLD CHALLENGE CUP FOR FOUR-OARS.

Established 1856.

m. s.

1873 Thames R.C. 8 2

1856 London, Argonauts Club -

1857 Oxford, Pembroke College 8 30

1858 Camb., First Trin. -

1859 Camb., First Trin. 8 21

1860 London R.C. 10 8

1861 Oxford, Brasenose College -

1862 London R.C. 9 20

1863 Kingston R.C. 8 50

1864 Kingston R.C. -

1865 Kingston R.C. 8 23

1866 Kingston R.C. -

1867 Kingston R.C. -

1868 Kingston R.C. 8 32

1869 Surbiton, Oscillators B.C. 8 58

1870 Thames R.C. 8 34

1871 Thames R.C. -

1872 Thames R.C. 10 8

1873 Kingstown Harbour B.C. 8 37

1874 Newcastle A.R.C. 8 58

1875 Thames R.C. 8 10

1876 West London R.C. 8 56

1877 Kingston R.C. -

1878 Kingston R.C. 8 44

1879 London R.C. 9 56

1880 London R.C. 8 4

1881 Dublin Univ. R.C. 8 8

1882 Camb., Jesus Coll. 8 58

1883 Kingston R.C. 8 51

1884 Thames R.C. 8 58

1885 Kingston R.C. -

1886 Thames R.C. 8 4

1887 Pembroke College, Cambridge 7 50

THAMES CHALLENGE CUP FOR EIGHT-OARS.

Established 1868.

m. s.

1868 Oxford, Pembroke College 7 46

1869 Surbiton, Oscillators B.C. -

1870 Surbiton, Oscillators B.C. -

1871 London, Ino R.C. 8 3

1872 Thames R.C. 8 42

1873 Thames R.C. 8 2

1874 Thames R.C. 8 19

1875 London R.C. 7 33

1876 West London R.C. 7 37

1877 London R.C. 8 29

1878 London R.C. 7 55

1879 Twickenham R.C. 8 55

1880 London R.C. 7 43

1881 Twickenham R.C. 7 50

1882 Royal Chester R.C. -

1883 London R.C. 8 5

1884 Twickenham R.C. 7 48

1885 London R.C. 7 36

1886 London R.C. -

1887 Trinity Hall, Cambridge (2nd crew) 7 20

PUBLIC SCHOOLS' CHALLENGE CUP FOR FOURS.

Established 1879.

m. s.

1879 Cheltenham College B.C. 11 6

1880 Bedford Grammar School B.C. 8 42

1881 Bedford Grammar School B.C. 8 22

1882 Magdalen College B. C. -

1883 Hereford School B.C. -

1884 Derby School B.C. -

1885 Bedford Model School B.C.[18] -

[18] Transferred to Marlow Regatta in 1886.

TOWN CHALLENGE CUP.

1839 Wave B.C.

1840 Dreadnought Cutter Club

1841 Dreadnought Cutter Club

1842 Dreadnought Club

1843 Albion Club

1844 Aquatic Club

1845 Aquatic Club

1846 Dreadnought Cutter Club

1847 Dreadnought Cutter Club

1848 Dreadnought Cutter Club

1849 Albion Club

1850 Albion Club

1854 Wargrave Club

1855 Henley B.C.

1856 Henley B.C.

1857 Henley B.C.

1858 Henley B.C.

1859 Henley B.C.

1860 Dreadnought Cutter Club

1862 Oxford, Staff B.C.

1863 Henley B.C.

1864 Henley B.C.

1865 Henley B.C.

1866 Eton Excelsior B.C.

1867 Eton Excelsior B.C.

1868 Henley R.C.

1869 Eton Excelsior B.C.

1870 Eton Excelsior B.C.

1871 Reading R.C.

1872 Marlow R.C.

1873 Henley R.C.

1874 Marlow R.C.

1875 Marlow R.C.

1876 Marlow R.C.

1877 Marlow R.C.

1878 Henley R.C.

1879 Greenwood Lodge B.C.

1880 Reading R.C.

1881 Reading R.C.

1882 Reading R.C.

1883 Marlow R.C.[19]

[19] Ditto in 1884.

* * *

OXFORD AND CAMBRIDGE BOAT RACE.

WINNERS since 1828.

Year Place Winner Time Won by

m. s.

1829 Hambledon Lock to Henley Bridge Oxford 14 30 easy

1836 Westminster to Putney Cambridge 36 0 1 m.

1839 Westminster to Putney Cambridge 31 0 1 m. 45 s.

1840 Westminster to Putney Cambridge 29 30 2?3 length

1841 Westminster to Putney Cambridge 32 30 1 m. 4 s.

1842 Westminster to Putney Oxford 30 45 13 s.

1845 Putney to Mortlake Cambridge 23 30 30 s.

1846 a Mortlake (Church) to Putney Cambridge 21 5 2 lengths

1849 Putney to Mortlake (Ship) Cambridge 22 0 4 lengths

1849 Putney to Mortlake Oxford - foul

1852 Putney to Mortlake Oxford 21 56 27 s.

1854 Putney to Mortlake Oxford 25 29 11 strokes

1856 b Barker's rails to Putney Cambridge 25 50 1?2 length

1857 c Putney to Mortlake Oxford 22 55 35 s.

1858 Putney to Mortlake Cambridge 21 23 22 s.

1859 Putney to Mortlake Oxford 24 40 C. sank

1860 Putney to Mortlake Cambridge 26 5 1 length

1861 Putney to Mortlake Oxford 23 28 43 s.

1862 Putney to Mortlake Oxford 24 41 30 s.

1863 b Barker's rails to Putney Oxford 23 6 43 s.

1864 Putney to Mortlake Oxford 22 15 26 s.

1865 Putney to Mortlake Oxford 21 24 4 s.

1866 Putney to Mortlake Oxford 25 14 15 s.

1867 Putney to Mortlake Oxford 22 30 1?2 length

1868 Putney to Mortlake Oxford 20 37 6 lengths

1869 Putney to Mortlake Oxford 20 6 1?2 3 lengths

1870 Putney to Mortlake Cambridge 21 30 3?4 2 lengths

1871 Putney to Mortlake Cambridge 23 9 1?2 1 length

1872 Putney to Mortlake Cambridge 21 14 2 lengths

1873 d Putney to Mortlake Cambridge 19 36 3 lengths

1874 Putney to Mortlake Cambridge 22 35 31?2 lengths

1875 Putney to Mortlake Oxford 22 2 29 s.

1876 Putney to Mortlake Cambridge 20 19 5 lengths

1877 e Putney to Mortlake Dead heat 24 6 1?2 dead heat

1878 Putney to Mortlake Oxford 22 15 40 s.

1879 Putney to Mortlake Cambridge 21 18 31?2 lengths

1880 Putney to Mortlake Oxford 21 23 4 lengths

1881 Putney to Mortlake Oxford 21 52 31?2 lengths

1882 Putney to Mortlake Oxford 20 12 20 s.

1883 Putney to Mortlake Oxford 22 18 21?2 lengths

1884 Putney to Mortlake Cambridge 21 39 3 lengths

1885 Putney to Mortlake Oxford 21 36 5 lengths

1886 Putney to Mortlake Cambridge 22 20 2?3 length

1887 Putney to Mortlake Cambridge 20 52 21?4 lengths

1888 Putney to Mortlake Cambridge 20 48 5 lengths

(a) This was the first race rowed in outrigged eights.

(b) These races were rowed from Barker's rails to Putney, about 1,200 yards more than the usual course. Barker's rails are still marked by a brick pedestal under Middlesex shore.

(c) This was the first race rowed in keelless boats.

(d) Sliding seats first used in these races.

(e) This is the only dead heat ever rowed in this race. Bow in Oxford boat broke his oar.

* * *

UNIVERSITY MEETINGS AT HENLEY,

FOR THE GRAND CHALLENGE CUP.

Year Winner Time Won by

m. s.

1845 Cambridge 8 30 2 lengths

1847 Oxford 8 4 2 lengths

1851 a Oxford 7 45 6 lengths

1853 Oxford 8 3 6 inches

1855 Cambridge 8 32 21?2 lengths

(a) Cambridge broke a rowlock off Remenham farm.

Also at the Thames Regatta, June 22, 1844, Oxford beat Cambridge for the Gold Cup.

* * *

UNIVERSITY OARSMEN.

The following lists show what oarsmen in eights or fours represented their respective Universities from year to year, whether in matches or at regattas. Those whose names appear as having thus represented their University are recognised as 'old Blues.' In some cases crews are given which are not strictly University crews, e.g. the 'Cambridge Subscription Rooms,' 'Oxford Aquatic Club,' &c. These crews sometimes took the place of U.B.C. crews, and though all these members may not be strictly 'Blues,' the performances are recorded, in order to give as far as possible a continuous history.

UNIVERSITY OARSMEN.

1829.

Hambledon Lock to Henley, Wednesday, June 10, 1829, 7.56 p.m.

Oxford, 1. st. lbs.

1. Carter, J., St. John's -

2. Arbuthnot, J. E., Balliol -

3. Bates, J. E., Christ Church -

4. Wordsworth, Charles, Christ Church 11 10

5. Toogood, J. J., Balliol 14 10

6. Garnier, T. F., Worcester -

7. Moore, G. B., Christ Church 12 4

Staniforth, T., Christ Church (stroke) 12 0

Fremantle, W. R., Christ Church (cox.) -

Cambridge, 2. st. lbs.

1. Holdsworth, A. B. E., First Trinity 10 7

2. Bayford, A. F., Trinity Hall 10 8

3. Warren, C., Second Trinity 10 10

4. Merivale, C., Lady Margaret 11 0

5. Entwisle, T., Trinity 11 4

6. Thompson, W. T., Jesus 11 13

7. Selwyn, G. A., Lady Margaret 11 13

Snow, W., Lady Margaret (stroke) 11 4

Heath, B. R., First Trinity (cox.) 9 4

Average 11 1 3?4

1831.

Leander, 1. Oxford, 2.

1. Horniman 1. Carter

2. Revell 2. Waterford (Marquis of)

3. Weedon 3. Marsh

4. Cannon 4. Peard

5. Lewis 5. Pelham

6. T. Bayford 6. Barnes

7. Capt. Shaw 7. Lloyd

Bishop (stroke) Copplestone (stroke)

Noulton, waterman (cox.) G. West, waterman (cox.)

1836.

Westminster to Putney, June 17, 1836, 4.20 p.m.

Cambridge, 1. st. lbs.

1. Solly, W. H., First Trinity 11 0

2. Green, F. S., Caius 11 2

3. Stanley, E. S., Jesus 11 4

4. Hartley, P., Trinity Hall 12 0

5. Jones, W. M., Caius 12 0

6. Keane, J. H., First Trinity 12 0

7. Upcher, A. W., Second Trinity 12 0

Granville, A. K. B., C.C.C. (stroke) 11 7

Egan, T. S., Caius (cox.) 9 0

Average 11 8 5?8

Oxford, 2. st. lbs.

1. Carter, G., St. John's 10 0

2. Stephens, E., Exeter 10 7

3. Baillie, W., Christ Church 11 7

4. Harris, T., Magdalen 12 4

5. Isham, J. V., Christ Church 12 0

6. Pennefather, J., Balliol 12 10

7. Thompson, W. S., Jesus 13 0

Moysey, F. L., Christ Church (stroke) 10 6

Davies, E. W. L., Jesus (cox.) 10 3

Average 11 7 3?4

1837.

First Leander Match (C.U.B.C.), Westminster to Putney, June 9, 1837.

Cambridge, 1. st. lbs.

1. Nicholson, W. N., First Trinity 11 0

2. Green, F. S., Caius 11 2

3. Budd, R. H., Lady Margaret 12 0

4. Keane, J. H., First Trinity 12 0

5. Brett, W. B., Caius 12 0

6. Penrose, C. T., First Trinity 12 0

7. Fletcher, R., Lady Margaret 11 10

Granville, A. K. B., Corpus (stroke) 11 7

Moulton, W. (cox.) -

Average 11 9 5?8

Leander, 2.

1. Shepheard 6. Dalgleish

2. Layton 7. Lewis

3. Wood Horneman (stroke)

4. Lloyd James Parish (cox.)

5. Sherrard

1838.

Second Leander Match (C.U.B.C.)

Cambridge, 1. Leander, 2.

1. Shadwell, A. H., Lady Margaret. 1. Shepheard

2. Smyth, W. W., Second Trinity. 2. Sherrard

3. Gough, Walter R., First Trinity. 3. Lloyd

4. Yatman, W. H., Caius. 4. Layton

5. Penrose, C. T., First Trinity. 5. Wood

6. Paris, A., Corpus. 6. Dalgleish

7. Brett, W. B., Caius. 7. Bishop

Stanley, E., Jesus (stroke). Lewis (stroke)

Moulton, W. (cox.) Parish (cox.)

(A foul.)

1839.

Westminster to Putney, April 3, 1839, 4.47 p.m.

Cambridge, 1. st. lbs.

1. Shadwell, Alfred H., Lady Margaret 10 10

2. Smyth, W. W., Second Trinity 11 11

3. Abercrombie, J., Caius 10 10

4. Paris, A., Corpus -

5. Penrose, C. T., First Trinity 12 12

6. Yatman, W. H., Caius -

7. Brett, W. B., Caius 12 12

Stanley, E. S., Jesus (stroke) -

Egan, T. S., Caius (cox.) 9 9

Oxford, 2. st. lbs.

1. Lee, S., Queen's 10 10

2. Compton, J., Merton 11 11

3. Maberly, S. E., Christ Church 11 11

4. Garnett, W. J., Christ Church 12 12

5. Walls, R. G., Brasenose 13 13

6. Hobhouse, R., Balliol 12 12

7. Powys, P. L., Balliol 12 12

Bewicke, C., University (stroke) 11 11

Ffooks, W. W., Exeter (cox.) 10 10

Average 11 11 1?2

1840.

Westminster to Putney, Wednesday, April 15, 1840, 1.30 p.m.

Cambridge, 1. st. lbs.

1. Shadwell, A. H., Lady Margaret 10 7

2. Massey, W., First Trinity 11 0

3. Taylor, S. B., First Trinity 11 7

4. Ridley, J. M., Jesus 12 8

5. Appleby, G. C., Magdalene 11 12

6. Penrose, F. C., Magdalene 12 1

7. Jones, H., Magdalene 11 9

Viales, C. M., Third Trinity (stroke) 11 6

Egan, T. S., Caius, (cox.) 9 0

Average 11 8

Oxford, 2. st. lbs.

1. Mountain, J. G., Merton 11 0

2. Pocock, J. J. I., Merton 11 2

3. Maberly, S. E., Christ Church 11 4

4. Rogers, W., Balliol 12 10

5. Walls, R. G., Brasenose 12 7

6. Royds, E., Brasenose 12 4

7. Meynell, G., Brasenose 11 10

Somers Cocks, J. J. T., Brasenose (stroke) 11 3

Garnett, W. B., Brasenose (cox.) 9 7

Average 11 10 1?2

1841.

Westminster to Putney, Wednesday, April 14, 1841, 6.10 p.m.

Cambridge, 1. st. lbs.

1. Croker, W. R., Caius 9 12

2. Denman, Hon. L. W., Magdalene 10 12

3. Ritchie, A. M., First Trinity 11 10

4. Ridley, J. M., Jesus 12 7

5. Cobbold, R. H., Peterhouse 12 4

6. Penrose, F. C., Magdalene 12 0

7. Denman, Hon. G., First Trinity 10 7

Viales, C. M., Third Trinity (stroke) 11 7

Croker, J. M., Caius (cox.) 10 8

Average 11 5 5?8

Oxford, 2. st. lbs.

1. Bethell, R., Exeter 10 6

2. Richards, E. V., Christ Church 11 2

3. Mountain, J. G., Merton 10 9

4. Royds, E., Brasenose 11 13

5. Hodgson, H. W., Balliol 11 10

6. Lea, W., Brasenose 11 7

7. Meynell, G., Brasenose 11 11

Somers Cocks, J. J. T., Brasenose (stroke) 11 4

Wollaston, C. B., Exeter (cox.) 9 2

Average 11 4 1?8

1841.

Grand Challenge Cup, Henley, 1841.

Cambridge Subscription Rooms, 1. st. lbs.

1. Denman, Hon. G., First Trinity 10 8

2. Shadwell, A. H., Lady Margaret 10 9

3. Cross, W. A., First Trinity 10 6

4. Anson, T. A., Jesus 12 8

5. Yatman, W. H., Caius 10 10

6. Jones, W. M., Caius 11 10

7. Viales, C. M., Third Trinity 11 9

Brett, W. B., Caius (stroke) 11 10

Egan, T. S., Caius (cox.) 9 6

Leander, 2. st. lbs.

1. Shepheard 10 2

2. Layton 10 11

3. Julius, W. 11 6

4. Romayne 11 8

5. Jenkins 12 3

6. Wallace 11 7

7. Wood 10 12

Dalgleish (stroke) 11 2

Gibson, H. (cox.) 11 0

1842.

Westminster to Putney, Saturday, June 11, 1842.

Oxford, 1. st. lbs.

1. M'Dougall, F. T., Magdalen Hall 9 8

2. Menzies, Sir R., University 11 3

3. Breedon, E. A., Trinity 12 4

4. Brewster, W. B., St. John's 12 10

5. Bourne, G. D., Oriel 13 12

6. Cox, J. C., Trinity 10 8

7. Hughes, G. E., Oriel 11 6

Menzies, F. N., University (stroke) 10 12

Shadwell, A. T. W., Balliol (cox.) 10 4

Average 11 9 5?8

Cambridge, 2. st. lbs.

1. Tower, E., Lady Margaret 10 2

2. Denman, Hon. L. W., Magdalene 10 11

3. Watson, W., Jesus 10 13

4. Penrose, F. C., Magdalene 11 10

5. Cobbold, R. H., Peterhouse 12 6

6. Royds, J., Christ's 11 7

7. Denman, Hon. G., First Trinity 10 9

Ridley, J. M., Jesus (stroke) 12 0

Pollock, A. B., First Trinity (cox.) 9 7

Average 11 3 3?4

1842.

Grand Challenge Cup, Henley, 1842.

Cambridge Subscription Rooms, 1. st. lbs.

1. Yatman, W. H., Caius 10 10

2. Shadwell, A., John's 10 9

3. Appleby, G. C., Magdalene 11 2

4. Lonsdale, J. G., First Trinity 12 4

5. Ritchie, A. M., First Trinity 12 0

6. Jones, W. M., Caius 11 10

7. Selwyn, C. J., Second Trinity 11 12

Beresford, J., Peter's (stroke) 10 10

Egan, T. S., Caius (cox.) 9 2

Average 11 5 1?8

Cambridge University Boating Club, 2. st. lbs.

1. Tower, E., John's 10 2

2. Denman, Hon. L. W., Magdalene 10 11

3. Watson, W., Jesus 10 13

4. Viales, C. M., Third Trinity 11 9

5. Cobbold, R. H., Peter's 12 6

6. Royds, J., Christ's 11 7

7. Denman, Hon. G., First Trinity 10 9

Ridley, J. M., Jesus (stroke) 12 0

Pollock, J. C., Third Trinity (cox.) 10 2

Average 11 3 3?8

1843.

Grand Challenge Cup, Henley, 1843.

Oxford, the 'Seven Oar,' 1. st. lbs.

1. Menzies, Sir R., University 11 3

2. Royds, E., Brasenose 12 0

3. Brewster, W. B., St. John's 13 0

4. Bourne, G. D., Oriel 13 12

5. Cox, J. C., Trinity 11 12

6. Lowndes, R., Christ Church 11 2

7. Hughes, G. E., Oriel 11 11

Shadwell, A. T. W., Balliol (cox.) 10 8

Menzies, F. (stroke), ?ger -

Average 12 1 2?7

Cambridge Subscription Rooms, 2. st. lbs.

1. Yatman, W. H., Caius 10 12

2. Shadwell, A. H., Lady Margaret 11 0

3. Mann, G., Caius 12 0

4. Ridley, J. M., Jesus 12 6

5. Cobbold, R. H., Peterhouse 12 5

6. Jones, W. M., Caius 11 12

7. Denman, Hon. L. W., Magdalene 10 11

Viales, C. M., Third Trinity (stroke) 11 13

Egan, T. S., Caius (cox.) 9 6

Average 11 9

1843.

Gold Cup, Thames Regatta.

Oxford, 1.

Crew same as 'Seven oar' supra, except W. Chetwynd-Stapylton, Merton, 10 st. 6 lbs. at bow.

1844.

Gold Cup, Thames Regatta. Chiswick Eyot to Putney Bridge.

Oxford, 1. st. lbs.

1. Chetwynd-Stapylton, W., Merton 10 8

2. Spottiswoode, W., Balliol 10 6

3. Milman, W. H., Christ Church 11 0

4. Morgan, H., Christ Church 12 11

5. Buckle, W., Oriel 13 12

6. Dry, W. J., Wadham 11 5

7. Wilson, F. M., Christ Church 12 8

Tuke, F. E., Brasenose (stroke) 11 9

Shadwell, A. T. W., Balliol (cox.) 10 8

Average 11 1 7?8

Cambridge, 2. st. lbs.

1. Raven, J., Magdalene 8 13

2. Venables, H., Jesus 10 2

3. Mann, G., Caius 10 7

4. Cloves, W. P., First Trinity 11 11

5. Brookes, T. W., First Trinity 11 9

6. Richardson, J., First Trinity 11 12

7. Nicholson, W. W., First Trinity 10 3

Arnold, F. M., Caius (stroke) 11 11

Egan, T. S., Caius (cox.) 10 0

Average 10 12

Leander, 3. st. lbs.

1. Soanes 9 3

2. Peacock 10 0

3. Lee 12 0

4. Hodding 11 6

5. Julius 12 0

6. Bumpstead 12 0

7. Jefferies 9 4

Dalgleish (stroke) 10 6

Shepheard (cox.) 10 0

Average 10 11 1?8

1844.

Grand Challenge Cup, Henley.

Oxford, 1. st. lbs.

1. Chetwynd-Stapylton, W., Merton 10 8

2. Spottiswoode, W., Balliol 10 6

3. Chetwynd-Stapylton, H. E., University 10 10

4. Spankie, J., Merton 11 4

5. Wilson, F. M., Christ Church 12 8

6. Tuke, F. E., Brasenose 11 9

7. Conant, J. W., St. John's 12 7

Morgan, H., Christ Church (stroke) 12 7

Shadwell, A. T. W., Balliol (cox.) 10 0

Average 11 7 3?8

1844.

The Stewards' Cup, Henley. (Final Heat.)

Oxford, 1. St. George's Club, London, 2.

st. lbs.

1. Chetwynd-Stapylton, W., Merton 1. Wadham 9 10

2. Dry, W. J., Wadham 2. M'Kay 10 11

3. Wilson, F. M., Christ Church 3. Ross 11 4

Tuke, F. E., Brasenose (stroke) Smith (stroke) 10 4

Lewis, G. B., Oriel (cox.) Johnson, A. (cox.) 7 11

1845.

Putney to Mortlake, Saturday, March 15, 1845, 6.1 p.m.

Cambridge, 1. st. lbs.

1. Mann, G., Caius 10 7

2. Harkness, W., Lady Margaret 10 0

3. Lockhart, W. S., Christ's 11 3

4. Cloves, W. P., First Trinity 12 0

5. Arnold, F. M., Caius 12 0

6. Harkness, R., Lady Margaret 11 0

7. Richardson, J., First Trinity 12 0

Hill, C. G., Second Trinity (stroke) 10 11

Munster, H., First Trinity (cox.) 9 2

Average 11 2 5?8

Oxford, 2. st. lbs.

1. Haggard, M., Christ Church 10 3

2. Chetwynd-Stapylton, W., Merton 10 12

3. Milman, W. H., Christ Church 11 0

4. Lewis, H., Pembroke 11 7

5. Buckle, W., Oriel 13 12

6. Royds, F. C., Brasenose 11 5

7. Wilson, F. M., Christ Church 12 3

Tuke, F. E., Brasenose (stroke) 12 2

Richards, F. J., Merton (cox.) 10 10

Average 11 9

1845.

Grand Challenge Cup, Henley.

Cambridge, 1. st. lbs.

1. Mann, G., Caius 10 8

2. Harkness, W., Lady Margaret 10 1

3. Lockhart, W. S., Christ's 11 3

4. Cloves, W. P., First Trinity 12 1

5. Hopkins, F. L., First Trinity 12 7

6. Potts, H. J., Second Trinity 11 9

7. Arnold, F. M., Caius 12 2

Hill, C. G., Second Trinity (stroke) 10 12

Munster, H., Second Trinity (cox.) 9 2

Average 11 5 1?8

Oxford, 2. st. lbs.

1. Chetwynd-Stapylton, W., Merton 10 6

2. Spottiswoode, W., Balliol 10 11

3. Milman, W. H., Christ Church 10 12

4. Buckle, W., Oriel 13 7

5. Breedon, E. A., Trinity 11 10

6. Penfold, E. H., St. John's 11 10

7. Conant, J. W., St. John's 11 13

Wilson, F. M., Christ Church (stroke) 12 11

Shadwell, A. T. W., Balliol (cox.) 10 4

Average 11 10

1845.

The Stewards' Cup, Henley. (Final Heat.)

Oxford, 1. st. lbs.

1. Chetwynd-Stapylton, W., Merton 10 6

2. Milman, W. H., Christ Church 10 10

3. Conant, J. W., St. John's 11 3

Wilson, F. M., Christ Church (stroke) 12 1

Lewis, G. B., Oriel (cox.) -

St. George's Club, London, 2. st. lbs.

1. Wadham 10 0

2. Ross 11 0

3. Coulthard 11 11

Smith (stroke) 10 12

Johnson, A., (cox.) 8 4

1845.

Gold Cup, Thames Regatta.

Cambridge London Rooms, 1.

1. Rippingall, C., Lady Margaret

2. Shadwell, A. H., Lady Margaret

3. Lockhart, W. S., Christ's

4. Cloves, W. P., First Trinity

5. Wilder, E., Magdalene

6. Hopkins, F. L., First Trinity

7. Arnold, F. M., Caius

Hill, C. G., Second Trinity (stroke)

Egan, T. S., Caius (cox.)

Oxford Aquatic Club, 2.

1. Chetwynd-Stapylton, W., Merton

2. Milman, W. H., Christ Church

3. Meynell, G., Brasenose

4. Buckle, W., Oriel

5. Breedon, E. A., Trinity

6. Hughes, G. E., Oriel

7. Conant, J. W., St. John's

Wilson, F. M., Christ Church (stroke)

Richards, F. J., Merton (cox.)

1846.

Mortlake to Putney, April 3, 1846, 11.10 a.m.

Cambridge, 1. st. lbs.

1. Murdoch, G. F., Lady Margaret 10 2

2. Holroyd, G. F., First Trinity 11 1

3. Clissold, S. T., Third Trinity 12 0

4. Cloves, W. P., First Trinity 12 12

5. Wilder, E., Magdalene 12 2

6. Harkness, R., Lady Margaret 11 6

7. Wolstenholme, E. P., First Trinity 11 1

Hill, C. G., Second Trinity (stroke) 11 1

Lloyd, T. B., Lady Margaret (cox.) 9 8

Average 11 8 3?8

Oxford, 2. st. lbs.

1. Polehampton, H. S., Pembroke 10 9

2. Burton, E. C., Christ Church 11 0

3. Heygate, W. U., Merton 11 8

4. Penfold, E. H., St. John's 11 8

5. Conant, J. W., St. John's 12 4

6. Royds, F. C., Brasenose 11 9

7. Chetwynd-Stapylton, W., Merton 10 12

Milman, W. H., Christ Church (stroke) 11 0

Soanes, C. J., St. John's (cox.) 9 13

Average 11 4 1?8

1846.

The Stewards' Cup, Henley. (Final Heat.)

O.U.B.C., 1. st. lbs.

1. Chetwynd-Stapylton, W., Merton 10 6

2. Wilson, F. M., Christ Church 12 1

3. Conant, J. W., St. John's 11 13

Milman, W. H., Christ Church (stroke) 10 10

Haggard, M., Christ Church (cox.) -

Average 11 4

Guy's Club, London, 2.

1. Forster

2. Gruggen

3. Ferguson

Cooper (stroke)

Roland (cox.)

1847.

Grand Challenge Cup, Henley.

Oxford, 1. st. lbs.

1. Moon, E. G., Magdalen 10 4

2. Haggard, M., Christ Church 10 8

3. Oldham, J., Brasenose 11 7

4. Royds, F. C., Brasenose 11 10

5. Griffiths, E. G. C., Worcester 12 6

6. King, W., Oriel 11 0

7. Winter, G. R., Brasenose 11 3

Burton, E. C., Christ Church (stroke) 11 0

Soanes, C. J., St. John's (cox.) 9 10

Average 11 3

Cambridge, 2. st. lbs.

1. Maule, W., First Trinity 9 12

2. Gisborne, T. M., Lady Margaret 10 10

3. Wolstenholme, E. P., First Trinity 10 10

4. Garfit, A., First Trinity 12 8

5. Nicholson, C. A., First Trinity 13 5

6. Harkness, R., Lady Margaret 11 4

7. Vincent, S., First Trinity 10 10

Jackson, F. C., Lady Margaret (stroke) 11 0

Murdoch, G. F., Lady Margaret (cox.) 10 3

Average 11 3 7?8

1848.

Grand Challenge Cup, Henley. (First Heat.)

Oxford, 1. st. lbs.

1. Rich, W. G., Christ Church 10 11

2. Haggard, M., Christ Church 10 4

3. Sykes, E., Worcester 11 0

4. Royds, F. C., Brasenose 11 4

5. Winter, G. R., Brasenose 11 6

6. Mansfield, A., Christ Church 10 10

7. Milman, W. H., Christ Church 11 0

Burton, E. C., Christ Church (stroke) 11 0

Soanes, C. J., St. John's (cox.) 9 13

Average 10 11 7?8

Thames Club, London, 2. st. lbs.

1. Bruce 10 6

2. Thompson 10 8

3. Blake 10 12

4. Playford 11 4

5. Robinson 12 0

6. Wallace 12 8

7. Chapman 11 3

Walmsley (stroke) 10 6

Field (cox.) 9 7

1849

Putney to Mortlake, Thursday, March 29, 5.40 p.m. (First Race.)

Cambridge, 1. st. lbs.

1. Proby, H., Second Trinity 9 13

2. Jones, W. J. H., Second Trinity 10 13

3. De Rutzen, A., Third Trinity 11 8

4. Holden, C. J., Third Trinity 11 8

5. Bagshawe, W. L. G., Third Trinity 11 10

6. Waddington, W. H., Second Trinity 11 10

7. Hodgson, W. C., First Trinity 11 2

Wray, J. C., Second Trinity (stroke) 10 12

Booth, G., First Trinity (cox.) 10 7

Average 11 2 1?2

Oxford, 2. st. lbs.

1. Wauchope, D., Wadham 10 4

2. Chitty, J. W., Balliol 11 2

3. Tremayne, H. H., Christ Church 11 5

4. Burton, E. C., Christ Church 11 0

5. Steward, C. H., Oriel 12 0

6. Mansfield, A., Christ Church 11 8

7. Sykes, E., Worcester 11 0

Rich, W. G., Christ Church (stroke) 10 0

Soanes, C. J., St. John's (cox.) 10 8

Average 11 0 5?8

1849

Putney to Mortlake, Saturday, December 15, 2.44 p.m. (Second Race.)

Oxford, 1. st. lbs.

1. Hornby, J. J., Brasenose 11 8

2. Houghton, W., Brasenose 11 2

3. Wodehouse, J., Exeter 11 9

4. Chitty, J. W., Balliol 11 9

5. Aitken, J., Exeter 12 1

6. Steward, C. H., Oriel 12 2

7. Sykes, E., Worcester 11 2

Rich, W. G., Christ Church (stroke) 10 2

Cotton, R. W., Christ Church (cox.) 9 0

Average 11 5 7?8

Cambridge, 2. st. lbs.

1. Baldry, A., First Trinity 10 10

2. Pellew, H. E., Third Trinity 11 9

3. De Rutzen, A., Third Trinity 11 8

4. Holden, C. J., Third Trinity 11 11

5. Bagshawe, W. L. G., Third Trinity 12 0

6. Miller, H. J., Third Trinity 12 0

7. Hodgson, W. C., First Trinity 11 3

Wray, J. C., Clare (stroke) 11 0

Booth, G., First Trinity (cox.) 10 8

Average 11 5 3?4

1850.

Grand Challenge Cup, Henley.

O.U.B.C. (Walked over.) st. lbs.

1. Cheales, H. J., Exeter 10 11

2. Houghton, W., Brasenose 11 2

3. Hornby, J. J., Brasenose 11 8

4. Aitken, J., Exeter 12 1

5. Steward, C. H., Oriel 12 2

6. Chitty, J. W., Balliol 11 9

7. Sykes, E., Worcester 10 2

Rich, W. G., Christ Church (stroke) 11 2

Cotton, R. W., Christ Church (cox.) 9 0

Average 11 4 5?8

1850.

The Stewards' Cup, Henley.

O.U.B.C. (Walked over.) st. lbs.

1. Hornby, J. J., Brasenose 11 8

2. Aitken, J., Exeter 12 1

3. Steward, C. H., Oriel 12 2

Chitty, J. W., Balliol (stroke) 11 9

Rich, W. G., Christ Church (cox.) 11 2

Average 11 12 1?4

1851.

Grand Challenge Cup, Henley. (Final Heat.)

Oxford, 1. st. lbs.

1. Rich, W. G., Christ Church 10 0

2. Nixon, W., Worcester 11 4

3. Hornby, J. J., Brasenose 11 0

4. Houghton, W., Brasenose 11 10

5. Aitken, J., Exeter 11 12

6. Greenall, R., Brasenose 11 2

7. Sykes, E., Worcester 11 4

Chitty, J. W., Balliol (stroke) 11 3

Burton, E. C., Christ Church (cox.) 11 0

Average 11 4 3?8

Cambridge, 2. st. lbs.

1. Page, A. S., Lady Margaret 10 1

2. Longmore, W. S., Sydney 10 4

3. Formby, R., First Trinity 11 11

4. Cowie, H., First Trinity 11 12

5. Brandt, H., First Trinity 11 5

6. Holden, C. J., Third Trinity 11 11

7. Tuckey, H. E., Lady Margaret 10 13

Johnson, F. W., Third Trinity (stroke) 10 11

Crosse, C. H., Caius (cox.) 9 1

Average 11 1 1?2

1851.

The Stewards' Cup, Henley. (Final Heat.)

C.U.B.C., 1. st. lbs.

1. Page, A. S., Lady Margaret 10 1

2. Longmore, W. S., Sidney 10 4

3. Tuckey, H. E., Lady Margaret 10 13

Johnson, F. W., Third Trinity (stroke) 10 11

Crosse, C. H., Caius (cox.) 9 1

Brasenose College, Oxon, 2.

1. Mescott

2. Errington

3. Hornby

Greenall (stroke)

Balguy (cox.)

1852.

Putney to Mortlake, Saturday, April 3, 1.4 p.m.

Oxford, 1. st. lbs.

1. Prescot, K., Brasenose 10 0

2. Greenall, R., Brasenose 10 12

3. Nind, P. H., Christ Church 11 2

4. Buller, R. J., Balliol 12 4

5. Denne, H., University 12 8

6. Houghton, W., Brasenose 11 8

7. Meade-King, W. O., Pembroke 11 11

Chitty, J. W., Balliol (stroke) 11 7

Cotton, R. W., Christ Church (cox.) 9 2

Average 11 6 1?2

Cambridge, 2. st. lbs.

1. Macnaghten, E., First Trinity 11 0

2. Brandt, H., First Trinity 11 5

3. Tuckey, H. E., Lady Margaret 11 3

4. Foord, H. B., First Trinity 12 6

5. Hawley, E., Sidney 12 4

6. Longmore, W. S., Sidney 11 4

7. Norris, W. A., Third Trinity 11 9

Johnson, F. W., Third Trinity (stroke) 11 8

Crosse, C. H., Caius (cox.) 9 7

Average 11 8 1?2

1852.

The Stewards' Cup, Henley. (Final Heat.)

Oxford, 1.

1. Greenall, R., Brasenose

2. Barker, H. R., Christ Church

3. Nind, P. H., Christ Church

Meade-King, W. O., Pembroke (stroke)

Balguy, F. St. J., Brasenose (cox.)

Argonauts, London, 2.

1. Pryor

2. Payne

3. L. Payne

H. H. Playford (stroke)

Burchett (cox.)

1853.

Grand Challenge Cup, Henley.

Oxford, 1. st. lbs.

1. Short, W. F., New 10 8

2. Moore, P. H., Brasenose 9 12

3. King, W., Merton 11 11

4. Buller, R. J., Balliol 12 0

5. Denne, R. H., University 12 10

6. Nind, P. H., Christ Church 10 12

7. Prescot, K., Merton 10 3

Meade-King, W. O., Pembroke (stroke) 11 7

Marshall, T. H., Exeter (cox.) 10 1

Average 11 4 3?8

Cambridge, 2. st. lbs.

1. Forster, G. B., Lady Margaret 10 10

2. Stephenson, S. V., Caius 10 8

3. Bramwell, A., First Trinity 10 12

4. Hawley, E., Sidney 12 1

5. Courage, E., First Trinity 12 12

6. Tomkinson, H. R., First Trinity 10 9

7. Blake, H., Corpus 10 11

Macnaghten, E., First Trinity (stroke) 10 6

Freshfield, E., First Trinity (cox.) 8 6

Average 11 1 5?8

1854.

Putney to Mortlake, April 8, 10.40 a.m.

Oxford, 1. st. lbs.

1. Short, W. F., New 10 3

2. Hooke, A., Worcester 11 0

3. Pinckney, W., Exeter 11 2

4. Blundell, T., Christ Church 11 8

5. Hooper, T. A., Pembroke 11 5

6. Nind, P. H., Christ Church 10 13

7. Mellish, G. L., Pembroke 11 2

Meade-King, W. O., Pembroke (stroke) 11 8

Marshall, T. H., Exeter (cox.) 10 3

Average 11 1 3?4

Cambridge, 2. st. lbs.

1. Galton, R. C., First Trinity 9 11

2. Nairne, S., Emmanuel 10 2

3. Davis, J. C., Third Trinity 11 1

4. Agnew, S., First Trinity 10 12

5. Courage, E., First Trinity 12 0

6. Johnson, H. F., Third Trinity 10 13

7. Blake, H., Corpus 11 1

Wright, J., Lady Margaret (stroke) 10 2

Smith, C. T., Caius (cox.) 9 12

Average 10 10 1?4

1855.

Grand Challenge Cup, Henley. (Final Heat.)

Cambridge, 1. st. lbs.

1. Pearson, P. P., Lady Margaret 11 0

2. Graham, E. C., First Trinity 11 3

3. Schreiber, H. W., Trinity Hall 11 3

4. Fairrie, E. H., Trinity Hall 11 12

5. Williams, H., Lady Margaret 11 8

6. Johnson, H. F., Third Trinity 11 6

7. Blake, H., Corpus 11 11

Jones, H. R. M., Third Trinity (stroke) 10 2

Wingfield, W., First Trinity (cox.) 8 6

Average 11 5 1?8

Oxford, 2. st. lbs.

1. Short, W. F., New 10 9

2. Codrington, J. E., Brasenose 10 9

3. Everett, C, H., Balliol 11 2

4. Denne, R. H., University 12 6

5. Craster, T. H. University 12 7

6. Nind, P. H., Christ Church 11 8

7. Pinckney, W., Exeter 11 2

Hooke, A., Worcester (stroke) 10 6

Marshall, T. H., Exeter (cox.) 10 8

Average 11 4 3?8

1856.

Mortlake to Putney, Saturday, March 15, 10.45 a.m.

Cambridge, 1. st. lbs.

1. King-Salter, J. P., Trinity Hall 9 13

2. Alderson, F. C., Third Trinity 11 3

3. Lewis-Lloyd, R., Third Trinity 11 12

4. Fairrie, E. H., Trinity Hall 12 10

5. Williams, H., Lady Margaret 12 8

6. M'Cormick, J., Lady Margaret 13 0

7. Snow, H., Lady Margaret 11 8

Jones, H. R. M., Third Trinity (stroke) 10 7

Wingfield, W., First Trinity (cox.) 9 0

Average 11 9 3?8

Oxford, 2. st. lbs.

1. Gurdon, P., University 10 8

2. Stocken, W. F., Exeter 10 1

3. Salmon, R. T., Exeter 10 10

4. Rocke, A. B., Christ Church 12 8

5. Townsend, R. N., Pembroke 12 8

6. Lonsdale, A. P., Balliol 11 4

7. Bennett, G., New 10 10

Thorley, J. T., Wadham (stroke) 9 12

Elers, F. W., Trinity (cox.) 9 2

Average 11 0 11?16

1857.

Putney to Mortlake, Saturday, April 4, 11.10 a.m.

Oxford, 1. st. lbs.

1. Risley, R. W., Exeter 11 3

2. Gurdon, P., University 10 0

3. Arkell, J., Pembroke 10 10

4. Martin, R., Corpus 12 1

5. Wood, W. H., University 11 13

6. Warre, E., Balliol 13 3

7. Lonsdale, A. P., Balliol 12 0

Thorley, J. T., Wadham (stroke) 10 1

Elers, F. W., Trinity (cox.) 9 2

Average 11 9 1?8

Cambridge, 2. st. lbs.

1. Holme, A. P., Second Trinity 11 8

2. Benn, A., Emmanuel 11 5

3. Holley, W. H., Trinity Hall 11 8

4. Smith, A. L., First Trinity 11 3

5. Serjeantson, J. J., First Trinity 12 4

6. Lewis-Lloyd, R., Magdalene 11 11

7. Pearson, P. P., Lady Margaret 11 2

Snow, H., Lady Margaret (stroke) 11 8

Wharton, R., Magdalene (cox.) 9 2

Average 11 8

1858.

Putney to Mortlake, Saturday, March 27, 1 p.m.

Cambridge, 1. st. lbs.

1. Lubbock, H. H., Caius 11 4

2. Smith, A. L., First Trinity 11 4

3. Havart, W. J., Lady Margaret 11 4

4. Darroch, D., First Trinity 12 1

5. Williams, H., Lady Margaret 12 4

6. Lewis-Lloyd, R., Magdalene 11 13

7. Fairbairn, A. H., Second Trinity 11 12

Hall, J., Magdalene (stroke) 10 7

Wharton, R., Magdalene (cox.) 9 2

Average 11 7 7?8

Oxford, 2. st. lbs.

1. Risley, R. W., Exeter 11 8

2. Arkell, J., Pembroke 11 3

3. Lane, C. G., Christ Church 11 10

4. Austin, W. G. G., Magdalen 12 7

5. Lane, E., Balliol 11 10

6. Wood, W. H., University 12 0

7. Warre, E., Balliol 13 2

Thorley, J. T., Wadham (stroke) 10 3

Walpole, H. S., Balliol (cox.) 9 5

Average 11 10 5?8

1858.

Grand Challenge Cup, Henley. (Final Heat.)

Cambridge, 1. st. lbs.

1. Paley, G. A., Lady Margaret 11 2

2. Smith, A. L., First Trinity 11 4

3. Havart, W. J., Lady Margaret 11 6

4. Darroch, D., First Trinity 12 2

5. Fairbairn, A. H., Second Trinity 11 13

6. Lewis-Lloyd, R., Magdalene 11 13

7. Royds, N., First Trinity 10 4

Hall, J., Magdalene (stroke) 10 5

Morland, F. T., First Trinity (cox.) 8 12

L.R.C., 2. st. lbs.

1. Leeds-Paine, F. 10 3

2. Walter, F. 10 0

3. Schlotel, C. 10 11

4. Ditton, E. G. 10 10

5. Farrar, W. 12 2

6. Paine, J. 12 5

7. Casamajor, A. 11 0

Playford, H. H. (stroke) 10 4

Weston, H. (cox.) 6 0

Average 10 13 1?8

1859.

Putney to Mortlake, Friday, April 15, 11 a.m.

Oxford, 1. st. lbs.

1. Baxter, H. F., Brasenose 10 12

2. Clarke, R. F., St. John's 11 13

3. Lane, C. G., Christ Church 11 9

4. Lawless, Hon. V., Balliol 12 3

5. Morrison, G., Balliol 13 1

6. Risley, R. W., Exeter 11 2

7. Thomas, G. G. T., Balliol 12 0

Arkell, J., Pembroke (stroke) 10 12

Robarts, A. J., Christ Church (cox.) 9 1

Average 11 8 3?4

Cambridge, 2. st. lbs.

1. Royds, N., First Trinity 10 6

2. Chaytor, A. J., Jesus. 10 13

3. Smith, A. L., First Trinity 11 11

4. Darroch, D., First Trinity 12 4

5. Williams, H., Lady Margaret 12 6

6. Lewis-Lloyd, R., Magdalene 11 9

7. Paley, G. A., Lady Margaret 11 7

Hall, J., Magdalene (stroke) 10 2

Morland, J. T., First Trinity (cox.) 9 0

Average 11 5 1?2

1859.

Grand Challenge Cup, Henley. (First Heat.)

London, 1. st. lbs.

1. Dunnage, G. 9 5

2. Foster, C. 10 0

3. Potter, F. 10 4

4. Dunnage, W. 11 7

5. Farrar, W. 12 4

6. Paine, T. 12 10

7. Casamajor, A. A. 10 9

Playford, H. H. (stroke) 10 3

Weston, H. (cox.) 6 4

Average 10 12

Oxford, 2. st. lbs.

1. Strong, C. T., University 10 11

2. Baxter, H. F., Brasenose 11 3

3. Lane, E., Balliol 12 1

4. Warre, E., Balliol 12 10

5. Morrison, G., Balliol 13 5

6. Arkell, J., Pembroke 11 2

7. Lane, C. G., Christ Church 11 12

Risley, R. W., Exeter (stroke) 11 1

Robarts, A. J., Christ Church (cox.) 9 1

Average 11 10 7?8

Final Heat.

London, 1. (as before.)

Cambridge, 2. st. lbs.

1. Heathcote, S., First Trinity 9 7

2. Chaytor, H. J., Jesus 11 2

3. Ingham, J. P., Third Trinity 10 12

4. Lewis-Lloyd, R., Magdalene 11 10

5. Holley, W. H., Trinity Hall 12 0

6. Collings, H. H., Third Trinity 10 12

7. Royds, N., First Trinity 10 4

Hall, J., Magdalene (stroke) 10 5

Morland, J. T., First Trinity (cox.) 8 13

Average 10 11 3?4

1860.

Putney to Mortlake, Saturday, March 31, 8.15 a.m.

Cambridge, 1. st. lbs.

1. Heathcote, S., First Trinity 10 3

2. Chaytor, H. J., Jesus 11 4

3. Ingles, D., First Trinity 10 13

4. Blake, J. S., Corpus 12 9

5. Coventry, M., Trinity Hall 12 8

6. Cherry, B. N., Clare 12 1

7. Fairbairn, A. H., Second Trinity 11 10

Hall, J., Magdalene (stroke) 10 4

Morland, J. T., First Trinity (cox.) 9 0

Average 11 6 1?2

Oxford, 2. st. lbs.

1. Macqueen, J. N., University 11 7

2. Norsworthy, G., Magdalen 11 0

3. Halsey, T. F., Christ Church 11 11

4. Young, J., Corpus 12 8

5. Morrison, G., Balliol 12 13

6. Baxter, H. F., Brasenose 11 7

7. Strong, C. T., University 11 2

Risley, R. W., Exeter (stroke) 11 8

Robarts, A. J., Christ Church (cox.) 9 9

Average 11 10 1?2

1861.

Putney to Mortlake, Saturday, March 23, 11 a.m.

Oxford, 1. st. lbs.

1. Champneys, W., Brasenose 10 11

2. Merriman, E. B., Exeter 10 1

3. Medlicott, H. E., Wadham 12 4

4. Robertson, W., Wadham 11 3

5. Morrison, G., Balliol 12 8

6. Poole, A. R., Trinity 12 3

7. Hopkins, H. G., Corpus 10 8

Hoare, W. M., Exeter (stroke) 10 10

Ridsdale, S. O. B., Wadham (cox.) 9 0

Average 11 4 1?4

Cambridge, 2. st. lbs.

1. Richards, G. H., First Trinity 10 4

2. Chaytor, H. J., Jesus 11 3

3. Tarleton, W. H., St. John's 11 0

4. Blake, J. S., Corpus 12 10

5. Coventry, M., Trinity Hall 13 3

6. Collings, H. H., Third Trinity 10 11

7. Fitzgerald, R. U. P., Trinity Hall 11 2

Hall, J., Magdalene (stroke) 10 6

Gaskell, T. K., Third Trinity (cox.) 8 3

Average 11 4 7?8

1862.

Putney to Mortlake, Saturday, April 12, 8 p.m.

Oxford, 1. st. lbs.

1. Woodgate, W. B., Brasenose 11 6

2. Wynne, O. S., Christ Church 11 3

3. Jacobson, W. B. R., Christ Church 12 4

4. Burton, R. E. L., Christ Church 12 5

5. Morrison, A., Balliol 12 8 1?2

6. Poole, A. R., Trinity 12 5

7. Carr, C. R., Wadham 11 2 1?2

Hoare, W. M., Exeter (stroke) 11 1

Hopwood, F. E., Christ Church (cox.) 7 3

Average 11 11 3?8

Cambridge, 2. st. lbs.

1. Gorst, P. F., Lady Margaret 10 4

2. Chambers, J. G., Third Trinity 11 8

3. Sanderson, E., Corpus 10 10

4. Smyly, W. C., First Trinity 11 5

5. Fitzgerald. R. U. P., Trinity Hall 11 3

6. Collings, H. H., Third Trinity 11 2

7. Buchanan, J. G., First Trinity 10 12

Richards, G. H., First Trinity (stroke) 10 5

Archer, F. H., Corpus (cox.) 5 2

Average 10 13 1?8

1863.

Mortlake to Putney, Saturday, March 28, 10.25 a.m.

Oxford, 1. st. lbs.

1. Roberts, C. P., Trinity 10 9

2. Awdry, W., Balliol 11 4 1?2

3. Kelly, F. H., University 11 9

4. Parson, J. C., Trinity 12 9

5. Jacobson, W. B. R., Christ Church 12 3 1?2

6. Seymour, A. E., University 11 1

7. Brown, M. M., Trinity 11 0

Pocklington, D., Brasenose (stroke) 11 4

Tottenham, C. R. W., Christ Church (cox.) 7 3

Average 11 7 1?2

Cambridge, 2. st. lbs.

1. Hawkshaw, J. C., Third Trinity 11 3

2. Pigott, E. V., Corpus 11 9

3. Watson, H. S., Pembroke 12 4

4. Hawkins, W. W., Lady Margaret 12 0

5. Kinglake, R. A., Third Trinity 12 4

6. Borthwick, G., First Trinity 12 1

7. Steavenson, D. F., Trinity Hall 12 1

Selwyn, J. R., Third Trinity (stroke) 11 0

Archer, F. H., Corpus (cox.) 6 6

Average 11 11 1?2

1864.

Putney to Mortlake, Saturday, March 19, 11.30 a.m.

Oxford, 1. st. lbs.

1. Roberts, C. P., Trinity 10 9

2. Awdry, W., Balliol 11 4 1?2

3. Kelly, F. H., University 11 9

4. Parson, J. C., Trinity 12 9

5. Jacobson, W. B. R., Christ Church 12 3 1?2

6. Seymour, A. E., University 11 1

7. Brown, M. M., Trinity 11 0

Pocklington, D., Brasenose (stroke) 11 4

Tottenham, C. R. W., Christ Church (cox.) 7 3

Average 11 7 1?2

Cambridge, 2. st. lbs.

1. Hawkshaw, J. C., Third Trinity 11 3

2. Pigott, E. V., Corpus 11 9

3. Watson, H. S., Pembroke 12 4

4. Hawkins, W. W., Lady Margaret 12 0

5. Kinglake, R. A., Third Trinity 12 4

6. Borthwick, G., First Trinity 12 1

7. Steavenson, D. F., Trinity Hall 12 1

Selwyn, J. R., Third Trinity (stroke) 11 0

Archer, F. H., Corpus (cox.) 6 6

Average 11 11 1?2

1865.

Putney to Mortlake, Saturday, April 8, 1.3 p.m.

Oxford, 1. st. lbs.

1. Raikes, R. T., Merton 11 0

2. Senhouse, H. P., Christ Church 11 1

3. Henley, E. F., Oriel 12 13

4. Coventry, G. G., Pembroke 11 12

5. Morrison, A., Balliol 12 6

6. Wood, T., Pembroke 12 2

7. Schneider, H., Trinity 11 10

Brown, M. M., Trinity (stroke) 11 4

Tottenham, C. R. W., Christ Church (cox.) 7 13

Average 11 11 1?4

Cambridge, 2. st. lbs.

1. Watney, H., Lady Margaret 11 1

2. Beebee, M. H. L., Lady Margaret 10 12

3. Pigott, E. V., Corpus 11 12

4. Kinglake, R. A., Third Trinity 12 8

5. Steavenson, D. F., Trinity Hall 12 4

6. Borthwick, G., First Trinity 11 13

7. Griffiths, W. R., Third Trinity 11 8

Lawes, C. B., Third Trinity (stroke) 11 7

Archer, F. H., Corpus (cox.) 7 3

Average 11 9

1866.

Putney to Mortlake, Saturday, March 24, 7.48 a.m.

Oxford, 1. st. lbs.

1. Raikes, R. T., Merton 11 0

2. Crowder, F., Brasenose 11 11

3. Freeman, W. L., Merton 12 7

4. Willan, F., Exeter 12 2

5. Henley, E. F., Oriel 13 0

6. Wood, W. W., University 12 4

7. Senhouse, H. P., Christ Church 11 3

Brown, M. M., Trinity (stroke) 11 5

Tottenham, C. R. W., Christ Church (cox.) 7 13

Average 11 12 3?4

Cambridge, 2. st. lbs.

1. Still, J., Caius 11 6

2. Selwyn, J. R., Third Trinity 11 6

3. Bourke, J. U., First Trinity 12 3

4. Fortescue, H. J., Magdalene 12 2 1?2

5. Steavenson, D. F., Trinity Hall 12 5

6. Kinglake, R. A., Third Trinity 12 9

7. Watney, H., Lady Margaret 10 12

Griffiths, W. R., Third Trinity (stroke) 11 9

Forbes, A., Lady Margaret (cox.) 8 0

Average 11 11

1867.

Putney to Mortlake, Saturday, April 13, 8.50 a.m.

Oxford, 1. st. lbs.

1. Bowman, W. P., University 10 11

2. Fish, J. H., Worcester 12 1

3. Carter, E. S., Worcester 11 12

4. Wood, W. W., University 12 6

5. Tinné, J. C., University 13 4

6. Crowder, F., Brasenose 11 11

7. Willan, F., Exeter 12 3

Marsden, R. G., Merton (stroke) 11 11

Tottenham, C. R. W., Christ Church (cox.) 8 8

Average 12 0 1?8

Cambridge, 2. st. lbs.

1. Anderson, W. H., First Trinity 11 0

2. Collard, J. M., Lady Margaret 11 4

3. Bourke, J. U., First Trinity 12 9

4. Gordon, Hon. J. H., First Trinity 12 3

5. Cunningham, F. E., King's 12 12

6. Still, J., Caius 11 12

7. Watney, H., Lady Margaret 11 0

Griffiths, W. R., Third Trinity (stroke) 12 0

Forbes, A., Lady Margaret (cox.) 8 2

Average 11 12

1868.

Putney to Mortlake, Saturday, April 4, 12 noon.

Oxford, 1. st. lbs.

1. Benson, W. D., Balliol 10 13

2. Yarborough, A. C., Lincoln 11 8

3. Ross of Bladensburgh, R., Exeter 11 8

4. Marsden, R. G., Merton 11 13

5. Tinné, J. C., University 13 7

6. Willan, F., Exeter 12 5

7. Carter, E. S., Worcester 11 8

Darbishire, S. D., Balliol (stroke) 11 3

Tottenham, C. R. W., Christ Church (cox.) 8 7

Average 11 12

Cambridge, 2. st. lbs.

1. Anderson, W. H., First Trinity 11 2

2. Nichols, J. P., Third Trinity 11 3

3. Wood, J. G., Emmanuel 12 6

4. Lowe, W. H., Christ's 12 4

5. Nadin, H. T., Pembroke 12 11

6. MacMichael, W. F., Downing 12 2

7. Still, J., Caius 12 1

Pinckney, W. J., First Trinity (stroke) 10 10

Warner, T. D., Trinity Hall (cox.) 8 4

Average 11 11

1869.

Putney to Mortlake, Wednesday, March 17, 3.58 p.m.

Oxford, 1. st. lbs.

1. Woodhouse, S. H., University 10 13

2. Tahourdin, R., St. John's 11 11

3. Baker, T. S., Queen's 12 8

4. Willan, F., Exeter 12 2 1?8

5. Tinné, J. C., University 13 10

6. Yarborough, A. C., Lincoln 11 11

7. Benson, W. D., Balliol 11 7

Darbishire, S. D., Balliol (stroke) 11 9

Neilson, D. A., St. John's (cox.) 7 10

Average 12 0 1?4

Cambridge, 2. st. lbs.

1. Rushton, J. A., Emmanuel 11 5

2. Ridley, J. H., Jesus 11 10

3. Dale, J. W., Lady Margaret 11 12

4. Young, F. J., Christ's 12 4

5. MacMichael, W. F., Downing 12 4

6. Anderson, W. H., First Trinity 11 4

7. Still, J., Caius 12 1

Goldie, J. H. D., Lady Margaret (stroke) 12 1

Gordon, H. E., First Trinity (cox.) 7 8

Average 11 12 1?8

1869.

Putney to Mortlake, August 27.

Oxford, 1. st. lbs.

1. Willan, F., Exeter 11 10

2. Yarborough, A. C., Lincoln 12 2

3. Tinné, J. C., University 13 8

Darbishire, S. D., Balliol (stroke) 11 6

Hall, J. H., Corpus (cox.) 7 2

Harvard, 2. st. lbs.

1. Fay, J. S., Boston 11 1

2. Lyman, F. O., Hawaiian Islands 11 1

3. Simmonds, W. H., Concord 12 2

Loring, A. P., Boston (stroke) 11 0

Burnham, A., Chicago (cox.) 7 10

1870.

Putney to Mortlake, Wednesday, April 6, 5.14 p.m.

Cambridge, 1. st. lbs.

1. Randolph, E. S. L., Third Trinity 10 11 1?2

2. Ridley, J. H., Jesus 11 9 1?2

3. Dale, J. W., Lady Margaret 12 2 1?2

4. Spencer, E. A. A., Second Trinity 12 4 1?2

5. Lowe, W. H., Christ's 12 7 1?2

6. Phelps, E. S., Sidney 12 1 1?2

7. Strachan, J. F., Trinity Hall 11 13

Goldie, J. H. D., Lady Margaret (stroke) 12 0

Gordon, H. E., First Trinity (cox.) 7 12

Average 11 13

Oxford, 2. st. lbs.

1. Mirehouse, R. W. B., University 11 0

2. Lewis, A. G. P., University 11 2 1?2

3. Baker, T. S., Queen's 12 9

4. Edwardes-Moss, J. E., Balliol 13 0

5. Payne, F. E. H., St. John's 12 10

6. Woodhouse, S. H., University 11 4

7. Benson, W. D., Balliol 11 13

Darbishire, S. D., Balliol (stroke) 11 11

Hall, F. H., Corpus (cox.) 7 7

Average 11 13

1871

Putney to Mortlake, Saturday, April 1, 10.8 a.m.

Cambridge, 1. st. lbs.

1. Follett, J. S., Third Trinity 11 6 1?2

2. Close, John B., First Trinity 11 8

3. Lomax, H., First Trinity 12 2

4. Spencer, E. A. A., Second Trinity 12 9

5. Lowe, W. H., Christ's 12 10

6. Phelps, E. L., Sidney 12 1

7. Randolph, E. S. L., Third Trinity 11 10

Goldie, J. H. D., Lady Margaret (stroke) 12 6 1?2

Gordon, H. E., First Trinity (cox.) 7 13

Average 12 2

Oxford, 2. st. lbs.

1. Woodhouse, S. H., University 11 6 1?2

2. Giles, E., Christ Church 11 13 1?2

3. Baker, T. S., Queen's 13 3 1?2

4. Malan, E. C., Worcester 13 1

5. Edwardes-Moss, J. E., Balliol 12 8 1?2

6. Payne, F. E. H., St. John's 12 9 1?2

7. Bunbury, J. M'C., Brasenose 11 8

Lesley, R., Pembroke (stroke) 11 10 1?2

Hall, F. H., Corpus (cox.) 7 10 1?2

Average 12 4

1872.

Putney to Mortlake, Saturday, March 23, 1.35 p.m.

Cambridge, 1. st. lbs.

1. Close, James B., First Trinity 11 3

2. Benson, C. W., Third Trinity 11 4

3. Robinson, G. M., Christ's 11 12

4. Spencer, E. A. A., Second Trinity 12 8 1?2

5. Read, C. S., First Trinity 12 8

6. Close, John B., First Trinity 11 10

7. Randolph, E. S. L., First Trinity 11 11

Goldie, J. H. D., Lady Margaret (stroke) 12 5

Roberts, C. H., Jesus (cox.) 6 6 1?2

Average 11 12

Oxford, 2. st. lbs.

1. Ornsby, J. A., Lincoln 11 0 1?2

2. Knollys, C. C., Magdalen 10 12

3. Payne, F. E. H., St. John's 12 11

4. Nicholson, A. W., Magdalen 12 2 1?2

5. Malan, E. C., Worcester 13 3

6. Mitchison, R. S., Pembroke 12 4 1?2

7. Lesley, R., Pembroke 11 13

Houblon, J. H. A., Christ Church (stroke) 10 5

Hall, F. H., Corpus (cox.) 8 0

Average 11 11 1?8

1873.

Putney to Mortlake, Saturday March 29, 2.32 p.m.

Cambridge, 1. st. lbs.

1. Close, James B., First Trinity 11 3

2. Hoskyns, E., Jesus 11 2

3. Peabody, J. E., First Trinity 11 7

4. Lecky-Brown, W. C., Jesus 12 1 1?2

5. Turnbull, T. S., Trinity Hall 12 12

6. Read, C. S., First Trinity 12 13

7. Benson, C. W., Third Trinity 11 5 1?2

Rhodes, H. E., Jesus (stroke) 11 1 1?2

Candy, C. H., Caius (cox.) 7 5

Average 11 10

Oxford, 2. st. lbs.

1. Knollys, C.C., Magdalen 10 11

2. Little, J. B., Christ Church 10 11

3. Farrer, M. G., Brasenose 11 13 1?2

4. Nicholson, A. W., Magdalen 12 5

5. Mitchison, R. S., Pembroke 12 2

6. Sherwood, W. E., Christ Church 11 1

7. Ornsby, J. A., Lincoln 11 3

Dowding, F. T., St. John's (stroke) 11 0

Frewer, G. E., St. John's (cox.) 7 10

Average 11 5

1874.

Putney to Mortlake, Saturday, March 28, 11.14 a.m.

Cambridge, 1. st. lbs.

1. Hibbert, J. P., Lady Margaret 11 1 1?2

2. Armytage, G. F., Jesus 11 8

3. Close, James B., First Trinity 11 0 1?2

4. Escourt, A. S., Trinity Hall 11 10 1?2

5. Lecky-Brown, W. C., Jesus 12 5

6. Aylmer, J. A., First Trinity 12 11

7. Read, C. S., First Trinity 12 11 1?2

Rhodes, H. E., Jesus (stroke) 11 7

Candy, C. H., Caius (cox.) 7 5

Average 11 10 3?8

Oxford, 2. st. lbs.

1. Benson, H. W., Brasenose 11 0

2. Sinclair, J. S., Oriel 11 5 1?2

3. Sherwood, W. E., Christ Church 11 8

4. Harding, A. R., Merton 11 1 1?2

5. Williams, J., Lincoln 13 0 1?2

6. Nicholson, A. W., Magdalen 12 10

7. Stayner, H. J., St. John's 11 10 1?2

Way, J. P., Brasenose (stroke) 10 9

Lambert, W. F. A., Wadham (cox.) 7 2

Average 11 9 1?8

1875.

Putney to Mortlake, Saturday, March 20, 1.13 p.m.

Oxford, 1. st. lbs.

1. Courtney, H. M'D., Pembroke 11 0

2. Marriott, H. P., Brasenose 11 12

3. Banks, J. E., University 11 11

4. Mitchison, A. M., Pembroke 12 12

5. Stayner, H. J., St. John's 12 2 1?2

6. Boustead, J. M., University 12 4

7. Edwardes Moss, T. C., Brasenose 12 5

Way, J. P., Brasenose (stroke) 10 11

Hopwood, E. O., Christ Church (cox.) 8 3 1?2

Average 11 12

Cambridge, 2. st. lbs.

1. Hibbert, J. P., Lady Margaret 11 3

2. Close, W. B., First Trinity 11 10

3. Dicker, G. C., First Trinity 11 8

4. Michell, W. G., First Trinity 11 11

5. Phillips, C. A., Jesus 12 4 1?2

6. Aylmer, J. A., First Trinity 12 12

7. Benson, C. W., Third Trinity 11 3

Rhodes, H. E., Jesus (stroke) 11 7

Davis, G. L., Clare (cox.) 6 10

Average 11 11

1876.

Putney to Mortlake, Saturday, April 8, 2.2 p.m.

Cambridge, 1. st. lbs.

1. Brancker, P. W., Jesus 11 3 1?2

2. Lewis, T. W., Caius 11 8

3. Close, W. B., First Trinity 11 8

4. Gurdon, C., Jesus 12 9 3?4

5. Pike, G. L., Caius 12 9

6. Hockin, T. E., Jesus 12 8

7. Rhodes, H. E., Jesus 11 13

Shafto, C. D., Jesus (stroke) 11 9 1?2

Davis, G. L., Clare (cox.) 6 13

Average 11 13

Oxford, 2. st. lbs.

1. Courtney, H. M'D., Pembroke 11 1 3?4

2. Mercer, F. R., Corpus 11 6

3. Hobart, W. H., Exeter 11 11

4. Mitchison, A. M., Pembroke 13 0

5. Boustead, J. M., University 12 5 3?4

6. Stayner, H. J., St. John's 12 2 1?2

7. Marriott, H. P., Brasenose 11 9 3?4

Edwardes-Moss, T. C., Brasenose (stroke) 12 3 1?4

Craven, W. D., Worcester (cox.) 7 6 1?2

Average 11 13

1877.

Putney to Mortlake, Saturday, March 24, 8.27 a.m. (Dead Heat.)

Oxford. ? st. lbs.

1. Cowles, D. J., St. John's 11 3 1?2

2. Boustead, J. M., University 12 9

3. Pelham, H., Magdalen 12 7 1?4

4. Grenfell, W. H., Balliol 12 10

5. Stayner, H. J., St. John's 12 5 1?2

6. Mulholland, A. J., Balliol 12 7 1?4

7. Edwardes-Moss, T. C., Brasenose 12 2

Marriott, H. P., Brasenose (stroke) 12 0 1?2

Beaumont, F. M., New (cox.) 7 0

Average 12 3

Cambridge. ? st. lbs.

1. Hoskyns, B. G., Jesus 10 11 1?2

2. Lewis, T. W., Caius 11 10

3. Fenn, J. C., First Trinity 11 6

4. Close, W. B., First Trinity 11 12

5. Pike, L. G., Caius 12 8

6. Gurdon, C., Jesus 12 13 1?2

7. Hockin, T. S., Jesus 12 11 1?2

Shafto, C. D., Jesus (stroke) 12 1 1?2

Davis, G. L., Clare (cox.) 7 6

Average 11 13

1878.

Putney to Mortlake, Saturday, April 13, 10.15 a.m.

Oxford, 1. st. lbs.

1. Ellison, W. A., University 10 13 1?2

2. Cowles, D. J., St. John's 11 6

3. Southwell, H. B., Pembroke 12 8

4. Grenfell, W. H., Balliol 12 11

5. Pelham, H., Magdalen 12 9 1?2

6. Burgess, G. F., Keble 13 3 1?2

7. Edwardes-Moss, T. C., Brasenose 12 3

Marriott, H. P., Brasenose (stroke) 12 2 1?2

Beaumont, F. M., New (cox.) 7 5

Average 12 3

Cambridge, 2. st. lbs.

1. Jones, L. I. R., Jesus 10 9

2. Watson-Taylor, J. A., Magdalene 11 9 3?4

3. Barker, T. W., First Trinity 12 6

4. Spurrell, R. J., Trinity Hall 11 13 1?2

5. Pike, L. G., Caius 12 8 1?2

6. Gurdon, C., Jesus 12 10 1?4

7. Hockin, T. E., Jesus 12 4 1?2

Prest, E. H., Jesus (stroke) 10 12 3?4

Davis, G. L., Clare (cox.) 7 5 1?2

Average 11 12

1879.

Putney to Mortlake, Saturday, April 5, 12.45 p.m.

Cambridge, 1. st. lbs.

1. Prest, E. H., Jesus 11 2

2. Sandford, H., Lady Margaret 11 6 3?4

3. Bird, A. H. S., First Trinity 11 8

4. Gurdon, C., Jesus 13 0 1?2

5. Hockin, T. E., Jesus 12 4 1?4

6. Fairbairn, C., Jesus 12 7 1?2

7. Routledge, T., Emmanuel 12 7 1?2

Davis, R. D., First Trinity (stroke) 12 4 1?2

Davis, G. L., Clare (cox.) 7 7

Average 12 1

Oxford, 2. st. lbs.

1. Wharton, J. H. T., Magdalen 11 3 1?4

2. Robinson, H. M., New 11 2 1?2

3. Disney, H. W., Hertford 12 7

4. Southwell, H. B., Pembroke 12 9

5. Cosby-Burrowes, T., Trinity 12 9

6. Rowe, G. D., University 11 13

7. Hobart, W. H., Exeter 11 12

Marriott, H. P., Brasenose (stroke) 12 2 1?2

Beaumont, F. M., New (cox.) 7 5

Average 11 13

1880.

Putney to Mortlake, Monday, March 22, 10.40 a.m.

Oxford, 1. st. lbs.

1. Poole, R. H. J., Brasenose 10 6

2. Brown, D. E., Hertford 12 6

3. Hargreaves, F. M., Keble 12 2

4. Southwell, H. B., Pembroke 13 0

5. Kindersley, R. S., Exeter 12 6

6. Rowe, G. D., University 12 3

7. Wharton, J. H. T., Magdalen 11 11

West, L. R., Christ Church (stroke) 11 1

Hunt, C. W., Corpus (cox.) 7 5

Average 11 13 3?8

Cambridge, 2. st. lbs.

1. Prest, E. H., Jesus 10 12

2. Sandford, H., Lady Margaret 11 5 1?2

3. Barton, W., Lady Margaret 11 3 1?2

4. Warlow, W. M., Queens' 12 0

5. Armytage, N. C., Jesus 12 2 1?2

6. Davis, R. D., First Trinity 12 8 1?2

7. Prior, R. D., Queens' 11 13

Baillie, W. W., Jesus (stroke) 11 2 1?2

Clarke, B. S., Lady Margaret (cox.) 7 0

Average 11 7

1881.

Putney to Mortlake, Friday, April 8, 8.34 a.m.

Oxford, 1. st. lbs.

1. Poole, R. H. J., Brasenose 10 11

2. Pinckney, R. A., Exeter 11 3

3. Paterson, A. R., Trinity 12 7

4. Buck, E., Hertford 11 11

5. Kindersley, R. S., Exeter 13 3

6. Brown, D. E., Hertford 12 7

7. Wharton, J. H. T., Magdalen 11 10

West, L. R., Christ Church (stroke) 11 0 1?2

Lyon, E. H., Hertford (cox.) 7 0

Average 11 10

Cambridge, 2. st. lbs.

1. Gridley, R. G., Third Trinity 10 7

2. Sandford, H., Lady Margaret 11 10 1?2

3. Watson-Taylor, J. A., Magdalene 12 3 1?2

4. Atkin, P. W., Jesus 11 13

5. Lambert, E., Pembroke 12 0

6. Hutchinson, A. M., Jesus 11 13

7. Moore, C. W., Christ's 11 9

Brooksbank, E. C., Trinity Hall (stroke) 11 8

Woodhouse, H., Trinity Hall (cox.) 7 2

Average 11 9 3?4

1882.

Putney to Mortlake, Saturday, April 1, 1.2 p.m.

Oxford, 1. st. lbs.

1. Bourne, G. C., New 10 13

2. De Haviland, R. S., Corpus 11 1

3. Fort, G. S., Hertford 12 3 1?2

4. Paterson, A. R., Trinity 12 12

5. Kindersley, R. S., Exeter 13 4 1?2

6. Buck, E., Hertford 12 0

7. Brown, D. E., Hertford 12 6

Higgins, A. H., Magdalen (stroke) 9 6 1?2

Lyon, E. H., Hertford (cox.) 7 12

Average 11 11 1?8

Cambridge, 2. st. lbs.

1. Jones, Ll. R., Jesus 11 1

2. Hutchinson, M., Jesus 12 1 1?2

3. Fellowes, J. C., First Trinity 12 7

4. Atkin, P. W., Jesus 12 11 1?2

5. Lambert, E., Pembroke 11 12

6. Fairbairn, S., Jesus 13 0

7. Moore, C. W., Christ's 11 7

Smith, S. P., First Trinity (stroke) 11 1

Hunt, P. L., Cavendish (cox.) 7 5

Average 11 12 5?8

1883.

Putney to Mortlake, Thursday, March 15, 5.39 p.m.

Oxford, 1. st. lbs.

1. Bourne, G. C., New 10 11 1?2

2. De Haviland, R. S., Corpus 11 4

3. Fort, G. S., Hertford 12 0

4. Puxley, E. L., Brasenose 12 6 1?2

5. Maclean, D. H., New 13 2 1?2

6. Paterson, A. R., New Inn Hall 13 1

7. Roberts, G. Q., Hertford 11 1

West, L. R., New Inn Hall (stroke) 11 0

Lyon, E. H., Hertford (cox.) 8 1

Average 11 12

Cambridge, 2. st. lbs.

1. Gridley, R. G., Third Trinity 10 7

2. Fox, F. W., First Trinity 12 2

3. Moore, C. W., Christ's 11 13

4. Atkin, P. W., Jesus 12 1

5. Churchill, F. E., Third Trinity 13 4

6. Swann, S., Trinity Hall 12 12

7. Fairbairn, S., Jesus 13 4

Meyrick, F. C., Trinity Hall 11 7

Hunt, P. L., Cavendish (cox.) 8 1

Average 12 2 3?4

1884.

Putney to Mortlake, Monday, April 7, 12.54 p.m.

Cambridge, 1. st. lbs.

1. Gridley, R. C., Third Trinity 10 6

2. Eyre, G. H., Corpus 11 3 1?2

3. Straker, F., Jesus 12 2

4. Swann, S., Trinity Hall 13 3

5. Churchill, F. E., Third Trinity 13 2 1?2

6. Haig, E. W., Third Trinity 11 6 2?3

7. Moore, C. W., Christ's 11 12 3?4

Pitman, F. J., Third Trinity (stroke) 11 11 1?2

Biscoe, C. E. T., Jesus (cox.) 8 2

Average 11 13

Oxford, 2. st. lbs.

1. Shortt, A. G., Christ Church 11 2

2. Stock, L., Exeter 11 0

3. Carter, C. R., Corpus 12 10

4. Taylor, P. W., Lincoln 13 1

5. McLean, D. H., New 12 11 1?2

6. Paterson, A. R., Trinity 13 4

7. Blandy, W. C., Exeter 10 13

Curry, W. D. B., Exeter (stroke) 10 4

Humphreys, F. J., Brasenose (cox.) 7 4

Average 11 12 11?16

1885.

Putney to Mortlake, Saturday, March 28, 12.26 p.m.

Oxford, 1. st. lbs.

1. Unwin, W. S., Magdalen 10 10 1?2

2. Clemons, J. S., Corpus 11 9

3. Taylor, P. W., Lincoln 13 6 1?2

4. Carter, C. R., Corpus 13 2

5. McLean, H., New 12 12

6. Wethered, F. O., Christ Church 12 6

7. McLean, D. H., New 13 1 1?2

Girdlestone, H., Magdalen (stroke) 12 7

Humphreys, F. J., Brasenose (cox.) 8 2

Average 12 6 13?16

Cambridge, 2. st. lbs.

1. Symonds, N. P., Lady Margaret 10 8

2. Hardacre, W. R., Trinity Hall 10 8

3. Perrott, W. H. W., First Trinity 12 2 1?2

4. Swann, S., Trinity Hall 13 3 1?2

5. Churchill, F. E., Third Trinity 13 2 1?2

6. Haigh, E. W., Third Trinity 11 8

7. Coke, R. H., Trinity Hall 12 4

Pitman, F. J., Third Trinity (stroke) 11 11 1?2

Wilson, G., Third Trinity (cox.) 7 11

Average 11 13

1886.

Putney to Mortlake, Saturday, April 3, 1.38 p.m.

Cambridge, 1. st. lbs.

1. Bristowe, C. J., Trinity Hall 10 8 1?2

2. Symonds, N. P., Lady Margaret 10 10

3. Walmsley, J., Trinity Hall 12 1

4. Flower, A. D., Clare 12 8 1?2

5. Fairbairn, S., Jesus 13 9

6. Muttlebury, S. D., Third Trinity 13 3

7. Barclay, C., Third Trinity 11 3

Pitman, F. J., Third Trinity (stroke) 11 10 1?2

Baker, G. H., Queen's (cox.) 6 9

Average 11 13 11?16

Oxford, 2. st. lbs.

1. Unwin, W. S., Magdalen 10 11

2. Bryne, L. S. R., Trinity 11 11 1?2

3. Robertson, W. St. L., Wadham 11 7 1?2

4. Carter, C. R., Corpus 13 0 1?2

5. McLean, H., New 12 12

6. Wethered, F. O., Christ Church 12 6

7. McLean, D., New 13 0

Girdlestone, H., Magdalen (stroke) 12 9 1?2

Maynard, W. E., Exeter (cox.) 7 12

Average 12 3 23?32

1887.

Putney to Mortlake, March 26. (Time, 20 min. 52 sec.)

Cambridge, 1. st. lbs.

1. McKenna, R., Trinity Hall 10 7

2. Barclay, F., Third Trinity 11 1

3. Landale, P., Third Trinity 12 0 1?2

4. Oxford, J. R., King's 13 0

5. Fairbairn, S., Jesus 13 5 1?2

6. Muttlebury, S. D., Third Trinity 13 6 1?2

7. Barclay, C., Third Trinity 11 8

Bristowe, C. J., Trinity Hall (stroke) 10 7 1?2

Baker, G. H., Queen's (cox.) 7 1

Oxford,[20] 2. st. lbs.

1. Holland, W. F. C., Brasenose 10 7

2. Nickalls, G., Magdalen 12 1

3. Williams, L. G., Corpus 12 5

4. Parker, H. R., Brasenose 13 3

5. McLean, H., New 12 8 1?2

6. Wethered, F. O., Christ Church 12 5

7. McLean, D. H., New 12 9

Titherington, A. F., Queen's (stroke) 12 2

Clarke, H. F., Exeter (cox.) 7 9

[20] Oxford broke an oar (No. 7) at Barnes Bridge.

1888.

Putney to Mortlake, March 24. (Time, 20 min. 48 sec.)

Cambridge, 1. st. lbs.

1. Symonds-Tayler, R. H., Trinity Hall 10 7

2. Hannen, L., Trinity Hall 11 3

3. Orde, R. H. P., First Trinity 11 7

4. Bell, C. B. P., Trinity Hall 12 13 1?2

5. Muttlebury, S. D., Third Trinity 13 7

6. Landale, P., Trinity Hall 12 4

7. Maugham, F. H., Trinity Hall 11 5

Gardner, J. C., Emmanuel (stroke) 11 7

Roxburgh, J. R., Trinity Hall (cox.) 8 2

Oxford, 2. st. lbs.

1. Holland, W. F. C., Brasenose 11 0

2. Parker, A. P., Magdalen 11 11

3. Bradford, W. E., Christ Church 11 9

4. Fothergill, S. R., New 12 10

5. Cross, H., Hertford 13 0 1?2

6. Parker, H. R., Brasenose 13 5

7. Nickalls, G., Magdalen 12 4

Frere, L., Brasenose (stroke) 10 0 1?2

Stewart, A., New (cox.) 7 13 1?2

Large

scale

map

(198 kB).

London: Longmans & Co.

E. Weller

* * *

O.U.B.C.: COLLEGE AND CLUB RACES.

OXFORD UNIVERSITY COLLEGE EIGHTS: HEAD OF THE RIVER.

1815 Brasenose (?) 1854 Brasenose

1822 Christ Church 1855 Balliol

1823 No races 1856 Wadham

1824 Exeter 1857 Exeter

1825 Christ Church 1858 Exeter

1826 Christ Church 1859 Balliol

1827 Brasenose 1860 Balliol

1828 { Balliol 1861 Trinity

Christ Church later on 1862 Trinity

1829 Christ Church 1863 Trinity

1830 No races 1864 Trinity

1831 } No records 1865 Brasenose

1832 1866 Brasenose

1833 Queen's 1867 Brasenose

1834 Christ Church 1868 Corpus

1835 Christ Church 1869 University

1836 Christ Church 1870 University

1837 Queen's 1871 University

1838 Exeter 1872 Pembroke

1839 Brasenose[21] 1873 Balliol

1840 Brasenose 1874 University

1841 University 1875 University

1842 Oriel 1876 Brasenose

1843 University 1877 University

1844 Christ Church 1878 University

1845 Brasenose 1879 Balliol

1846 Brasenose 1880 Magdalen

1847 Christ Church 1881 Hertford

1848 Christ Church 1882 Exeter

1849 Christ Church 1883 Exeter

1850 Wadham 1884 Exeter

1851 Balliol 1885 Corpus

1852 Brasenose 1886 Magdalen

1853 Brasenose 1887 New College

[21] O.U.B.C. founded.

WINNERS OF THE UNIVERSITY PAIR-OARS.

1839 R. Menzies, F. W. Menzies, R. S. Fox (cox.), University.

1840 O. B. Barttelot, Corpus Christi; E. Royds, Brasenose; T. Evett (cox.), Corpus Christi.

1841 H. E. C. Stapylton, W. Bolland, J. H. Griffiths (cox.), University.

1842 W. Wilberforce, G. E. Hughes, G. B. Lewis (cox.), Oriel.

1843 M. Haggard, W. H. Milman, F. J. Prout (cox.), Christ Church.

1844 M. Haggard, W. H. Milman, F. J. Prout (cox.), Christ Church.

1845 M. Haggard, W. H. Milman, C. J. Fuller (cox.), Christ Church.

1846 A. Milman, E. C. Burton, H. Ingram (cox.), Christ Church.

1847 W. G. Rich, A. Milman, Christ Church.

1848 T. H. Michel, C. H. Steward, Oriel.

1849 E. M. Clissold, Exeter; J. W. Chitty, Balliol.

1850 J. C. Bengoagh, Oriel; J. W. Chitty, Balliol.

1851 R. Greenall, R. Prescot, Brasenose.

1852 W. F. Short, W. L. Rogers, New.

1853 C. Cadogan, Christ Church; W. F. Short, New.

1854 C. Cadogan, Christ Church; W. F. Short, New.

1855 A. F. Lonsdale, E. Warre, Balliol.

1856 E. Warre, A. F. Lonsdale, Balliol.

1857 P. W. Phillips, J. Arkell, Pemberton.

1858 T. B. Shaw-Hellier, Brasenose; F. Ho'comb, Wadham.

1859 B. de B. Russell, R. F. Clarke, St. John's.

1860 W. B. Woodgate, H. F. Baxter, Brasenose.

1861 W. Champneys, W. B. Woodgate, Brasenose.

1862 R. Shepherd, W. B. Woodgate, Brasenose.

1863 C. P. Roberts, M. Brown, Trinity.

1864 C. P. Roberts, M. Brown, Trinity.

1865 R. T. Raikes, Merton; M. Brown, Trinity.

1866 G. H. Swinney, G. H. Morrell, Merton.

1867 W. C. Crofts, F. Crowder, Brasenose.

1868 A. V. Jones, Exeter; W. C. Crofts, Brasenose.

1869 F. Pownall, A. V. Jones, Exeter.

1870 J. Mair, St. Alb.; C. J. Vesey, St. John's.

1871 J. W. M'C. Bunbury, Brasenose; A. G. P. Lewis, University.

1872 H. J. Preston, A. S. Daniel, University.

1873 W. Farrer, Balliol; M. Farrer, Brasenose.

1874 M. Farrer, H. Benson, Brasenose.

1875 H. J. Preston, University; Edwardes-Moss, Brasenose.

1876 H. M. Marriott, T. C. Edwardes-Moss, Brasenose.

1877 D. J. Cowles, W. L. Giles, St. John's.

1878 T. C. Edwardes-Moss, Brasenose; W. A. Ellison, University.

1879 C. R. L. Fletcher, F. P. Bulley, Magdalen.

1880 E. Staniland, Magdalen; L. R. West, Christ Church.

1881 C. Lowry, R. de Haviland, Corpus.

1882 G. C. Bourne, New; C. H. Sharpe, Hertford.

1883 A. G. Shortt, A. B. Shaw, Christ Church.

1884 W. S. Unwin, Magdalen; J. Reade, Brasenose.

1885 H. McLean, D. H. McLean, New.

1886 H. McLean, D. H. McLean, New.

1887 M. E. Bradford, F. W. Douglas, Christ Church.

WINNERS OF THE OXFORD UNIVERSITY SCULLS,

Originally presented by Members of Christ Church.

1841 T. T. Peocock, Merton 1865 J. Rickaby, Brasenose

1842 H. Morgan, Christ Church 1866 W. L. Freeman, Merton

1843 Sir F. E. Scott, Christ Church 1867 W. C. Crofts, Brasenose

1844 Sir F. E. Scott, Christ Church 1868 W. C. Crofts, Brasenose

1845 J. W. Conant, St. John's 1869 A. C. Yarborough, Lincoln

1846 E. S. Moon, Magdalen 1870 A. C. Yarborough, Lincoln

1847 E. C. Burton, Christ Church 1871 J. W. McC. Bunbury, Brasenose

1848 D. Wauchope, Wadham 1872 C. C. Knollys, Magdalen

1849 T. Erskine Clarke, Wadham 1873 J. B. Little, Christ Church

1850 T. Erskine Clarke, Wadham 1874 A. Michell, Oriel

1851 W. Heaven, Trinity 1875 L. C. Cholmeley, Magdalen

1852 H. M. Irving, Balliol 1876 D. J. Cowles, St. John's

1853 W. F. Short, New 1877 T. C. Edwardes-Moss, Brasenose

1854 W. F. Short, New 1878 J. Lowndes, Hertford

1855 E. Warre, Balliol 1879 J. Lowndes, Hertford

1856 E. Warre, Balliol 1880 H. S. Chesshire, Worcester

1857 R. W. Risley, Exeter 1881 H. S. Chesshire, Worcester

1858 R. W. Risley, Exeter 1882 G. Q. Roberts, Hertford

1859 H. F. Baxter, Brasenose 1883 A. E. Staniland, Magdalen

1860 T. R. Finch, Wadham 1884 W. S. Unwin, Magdalen

1861 W. B. Woodgate, Brasenose 1885 W. S. Unwin, Magdalen

1862 W. B. Woodgate, Brasenose 1886 F. O. Wethered, Christ Church

1863 J. E. Parker, University 1887 G. Nicholls, Magdalen

1864 E. B. Michell, Magdalen

WINNERS OF THE UNIVERSITY

FOUR-OARS.

1840 Brasenose 1864 University

1841 University 1865 University

1842 University 1866 University

1843 Oriel 1867 University

1844 University 1868 University

1845 Christ Church 1869 Balliol

1846 Christ Church 1870 Balliol

1847 Christ Church 1871 Christ Church

1848 Oriel 1872 Balliol

1849 Brasenose 1873 University

1850 Brasenose 1874 Brasenose

1851 Christ Church 1875 University

1852 Trinity 1876 Brasenose

1853 Trinity 1877 Brasenose

1854 Exeter 1878 Magdalen

1855 Exeter 1879 Hertford

1856 Balliol 1880 Magdalen

1857 Pembroke 1881 Hertford

1858 Balliol 1882 Hertford

1859 University 1883 Corpus

1860 Brasenose 1884 Magdalen

1861 Trinity 1885 Magdalen

1862 University 1886 Magdalen

1863 Trinity 1887 Brasenose

* * *

C.U.B.C.: COLLEGE AND CLUB RACES.

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY BOAT CLUB:

HEAD OF THE RIVER.

1827 Trinity 1855 Lady Margaret

1828 St. John's 1856 Lady Margaret

1829 St. John's 1857 Lady Margaret

1830 { Lent, St. John's 1858 { Lent, Lady Margaret

May, Trinity May, First Trinity

1831 { Lent, St. John's 1859 { Lent, Trinity Hall

May, First Trinity May, Third Trinity

1832 First Trinity 1860 First Trinity

1833 { Lent, First Trinity 1861 First Trinity

May, Christ's 1862 Trinity Hall

1834 { Lent, First Trinity 1863 Third Trinity

May, Third Trinity 1864 Trinity Hall

1835 { Lent, Third Trinity 1865 Third Trinity

May, Second Trinity 1866 First Trinity

1836 { Lent, First Trinity 1867 First Trinity

May, Corpus 1868 First Trinity

1837 Lady Margaret 1869 First Trinity

1838 Lady Margaret 1870 First Trinity

1839 First Trinity 1871 First Trinity

1840 Caius 1872 Lady Margaret

1841 Caius 1873 First Trinity

1842 Peterhouse 1874 First Trinity

1843 First Trinity 1875 Jesus

1844 Caius 1876 Jesus

1845 First Trinity 1877 Jesus

1846 First Trinity 1878 Jesus

1847 First Trinity 1879 Jesus

1848 Third Trinity 1880 Jesus

1849 { Lent, Third Trinity 1881 Jesus

May, Second Trinity 1882 Jesus

1850 First Trinity 1883 Jesus

1851 { Lent, Lady Margaret 1884 Jesus

May, First Trinity 1885 Jesus

1852 First Trinity 1886 Trinity Hall

1853 First Trinity 1887 Trinity Hall

1854 { Lent, First Trinity

May, Lady Margaret

WINNERS OF THE UNIVERSITY PAIR-OARS.

1844 T. W. Brooks and W. P. Cloves, First Trinity.

1845 S. Vincent and E. P. Wolstenholme, First Trinity.

1846 T. M. Hoare and T. M. Gisborne, St. John's.

1847 S. Vincent and W. Maule, First Trinity.

1848 A. B. Dickson and W. L. G. Bagshawe, Third Trinity.

1849 A. Baldry, First Trinity, and W. L. G. Bagshawe, Third Trinity.

1850 J. B. Cane and C. Hudson, St. John's.

1851 E. Macnaghten, First Trinity, and F. W. Johnson, Third Trinity.

1852 W. S. Langmore and E. Hawley, Sidney.

1853 R. Gordon and J. G. Barlee, Christ's.

1854 R. C. Galton, First Trinity, and H. Blake, Corpus.

1855 H. Blake, Corpus, and J. Wright, St. John's.

1856 R. Gordon and P. H. Wormald, Christ's.

1857 R. E. Thompson and N. Royds, First Trinity.

1858 R. Beaumont and F. W. Holland, Third Trinity.

1859 D. Ingles, First Trinity, and J. P. Ingham, Third Trinity.

1860 R. P. Fitzgerald, Trinity Hall, and J. P. Ingham, Third Trinity.

1861 A. D. A. Burney and A. M. Channell, First Trinity.

1862 J. G. Chambers, Third Trinity, and R. Neave, Trinity Hall.

1863 R. A. Kinglake and J. R. Selwyn, Third Trinity.

1864 R. A. Kinglake and W. R. Griffiths, Third Trinity.

1865 J. R. Selwyn and W. R. Griffiths, Third Trinity.

1866 W. R. Griffiths, Third Trinity, and J. U. Bourke, First Trinity.

1867 E. Hopkinson and H. Herbert, Christ's.

1868 C. Pitt-Taylor and J. Blake-Humphrey, Third Trinity.

1869 L. P. Muirhead and E. Phelps, Sidney.

1870 John B. Close and G. L. Rives, First Trinity.

1871 James B. Close and John B. Close, First Trinity.

1872 H. E. Rhodes and E. Hoskyns, Jesus.

1873 P. J. Hibbert and E. Sawyer, Lady Margaret.

1874 G. F. Armytage and C. D. Shafto, Jesus.

1875 W. B. Close and G. C. Dicker, First Trinity.

1876 T. E. Hockin and C. Gurdon, Jesus.

1877 J. G. Pinder and C. O. L. Riley, Caius.

1878 A. H. Prior and H. Sanford, Lady Margaret.

1879 J. A. Watson-Taylor, Magdalene, and T. E. Hockin, Jesus.

1880 L. R. Jones and E. Priest, Jesus.

1881 J. F. Keiser and S. P. Smith, First Trinity.

1882 W. K. Hardacre and F. C. Meyrick, Trinity Hall.

1883 C. J. Bristowe and F. C. Meyrick, Trinity Hall.

1884 P. S. Propert and S. Swann, Trinity Hall.

1885 R. H. Coke and S. Swann, Trinity Hall.

1886 S. D. Muttlebury and C. Barclay, Third Trinity.

1887 S. D. Muttlebury and C. T. Barclay, Third Trinity.

WINNERS OF THE UNIVERSITY FOUR-OARS.

1849 First Trinity 1868 Sidney

1850 Lady Margaret 1869 Sidney

1851 Third Trinity 1870 First Trinity

1852 First Trinity 1871 First Trinity

1853 Lady Margaret 1872 First Trinity

1854 Third Trinity 1873 Jesus

1855 Trinity Hall 1874 First Trinity and Jesus rowed a dead-heat.

1856 Lady Margaret 1875 Jesus

1857 Magdalene 1876 Jesus

1858 Third Trinity 1877 Jesus

1859 Third Trinity 1878 Lady Margaret

1860 First Trinity 1879 Lady Margaret

1861 First Trinity and Trinity Hall rowed a dead-heat. 1880 Jesus

1862 Third Trinity 1881 Jesus

1863 Lady Margaret 1882 Third Trinity

1864 Lady Margaret 1883 Third Trinity

1865 Third Trinity 1884 Third Trinity

1866 First Trinity 1885 Third Trinity

1867 Emmanuel 1886 Trinity Hall

1887 Trinity Hall

WINNERS OF THE CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY SCULLS.

(COLQUHOUN CHALLENGE SCULLS).

Presented in 1837 by P. Colquhoun, Esq., to the lady Margaret Boat Club, and by that Club in 1842 to the competition of the C.U.B.C.

1837 Berney, Lady Margaret 1863 J. G. Chambers, Third Trin.

1838 Antrobus, Lady Margaret 1864 G. D. Redpath, First Trinity

1839 Vincent, Lady Margaret 1865 H. Watney, Lady Margaret

1840 Shadwell, Lady Margaret 1866 G. Shann, First Trinity

1841 Shadwell (no challenger) 1867 G. H. Wright, First Trinity

1842 Denman, First Trinity 1868 E. Phelps, Sidney, and F. E. Marshall, First Trinity

1843 Thompson, Peterhouse 1869 No race; postponed to 1870

1844 Miles, Third Trinity 1870 J. B. Close, First Trinity

1845 Cloves, First Trinity 1870 J. H. D. Goldie, Lady Mar.

1846 Maule, First Trinity 1871 C. W. Benson, Third Trinity

1847 Bagshawe, Third Trinity 1872 James B. Close, First Trinity

1848 Bagot, Second Trinity 1873 A. C. Dicker, Lady Margaret

1849 Miller, Third Trinity 1874 W. B. Close, First Trinity

1850 Cowle and Hudson[22] 1875 S. A. Saunders, Second Trinity

1851 Macnaghten, First Trinity 1876 J. C. Fenn, First Trinity

1852 Courage, First Trinity 1877 T. W. Barker, First Trinity

1853 Galton, First Trinity 1878 H. Sandford, Lady Margaret

1854 Wright, Lady Margaret 1879 Prior, Lady Margaret

1855 Salter, Trinity Hall 1880 J. Keiser, First Trinity

1856 Beaumont, Third Trinity 1881 J. C. Fellowes, First Trinity

1857 Busk, First Trinity 1882 F. W. Fox, First Trinity

1858 Ingles, First Trinity 1883 S. Swann, Trinity Hall

1859 Faley, Lady Margaret 1884 F. J. Pitman, Third Trinity

1860 Channell, First Trinity 1885 J. M. Cowper-Smith, First Trinity

1861 J. C. Hawkshaw, Third Trinity 1886 J. C. Gardner, Emmanuel

1862 C. B. Lawes, Third Trinity 1887 C. B. P. Bell, Trinity Hall

[22] Dead heat and division.

* * *

PROFESSIONAL WINNERS OF REGATTAS AND CHAMPIONSHIPS.

WINNERS OF THE AQUATIC CHAMPIONSHIP.

Date Winner Loser Course Time

m. s.

1831, Sept. 9 C. Campbell C. Williams W. to P. -

1838, Nov. 1 C. Campbell R. Coombes W. to P. -

1846, Aug. 19 R. Coombes C. Campbell P. to M. 26 15

1847, Sept. 29 R. Coombes R. Newell P. to M. 23 46

1851, May 7 R. Coombes T. Mackinnery P. to M. 25 5

1852, May 24 T. Cole R. Coombes P. to M. 25 15

1852, Oct. 14 T. Cole R. Coombes P. to M. 23 35

1854, Nov. 20 J. A. Messenger T. Cole P. to M. 24 30

1857, May 12 H. Kelley J. A. Messenger P. to M. 24 30

1859, Sept. 29 R. Chambers H. Kelley P. to M. 25 25

1860, Sept. 18 R. Chambers T. White P. to M. 23 15

1863, April 14 R. Chambers G. W. Everson P. to M. 25 27

1863, June 16 R. Chambers R. A. W. Green P. to M. 25 25

1865, Aug. 8 H. Kelley R. Chambers P. to M. 23 26

a 1866, July 4 H. Kelley Hammill Tyne 33 29

b 1866, July 5 H. Kelley Hammill Tyne -

1866, Nov. 22 R. Chambers J. H. Sadler P. to M. 25 4

1867, May 6 H. Kelley R. Chambers Tyne 31 41

1868, Nov. 17 J. Renforth H. Kelley P. to M. 23 15

1874, April 16 J. H. Sadler R. Bagnall P. to M. 24 15

1875, Nov. 15 J. H. Sadler R. W. Boyd P. to M. 29 2

c 1876, June 27 E. Trickett J. Sadler P. to M. 24 35

1876, { A match was made between Trickett and Lumsden, but the

latter forfeited.

1876, June 29 { A match was made between Sadler and Higgins for the

Championship, subject to the former beating Trickett, but

after being defeated Sadler forfeited.

1877, May 28 R. W. Boyd J. Higgins P. to M. 29 0

1877, June 30 { Trickett beat Michael Rush for the Championship of the

World, on the Parmatta River, New South Wales.

1877, Oct. 8 J. Higgins R. W. Boyd P. to M. 24 10

1878, Jan. 14 J. Higgins R. W. Boyd Tyne Foul

1878, June 3 J. Higgins W. Elliott P. to M. 24 38

1878, Sept. 17 { d W. Elliott beat R. W. Boyd in final heat of race for the

'Sportsman's' Challenge Cup, Putney to Mortlake. } 24 20

1879, Feb. 21 W. Elliott J. Higgins Tyne 22 1

1879, June 16 E. Hanlan W. Elliott Tyne 21 1

1880, Nov. 16 E. Hanlan E. Trickett Thames 26 12

1881, Feb. 14 E. Hanlan E. C. Laycock P. to M. 25 41

1882, April 3 E. Hanlan R. W. Boyd Tyne 21 25

1882, May 1 E. Hanlan E. Trickett P. to M. 28 0

1884, May 22 E. Hanlan E. C. Laycock Nepean Riv., N.S.W. -

1884, Aug. 16 W. Beach E. Hanlan Paramatta Riv., N.S.W. -

1885, Feb. 28 W. Beach C. Clifford Paramatta Riv., N.S.W. 26 0

1885, Mch. 28 W. Beach E. Hanlan Paramatta Riv., N.S.W. 22 51

1885, Dec. 18 W. Beach N. Matterson Paramatta Riv., N.S.W. 24 11 1?4

1886, Sept. 18 W. Beach J. Gaudaur P. to M. 22 29

1886, Sept. 25 W. Beach Wallace Ross P. to M. 23 5

(a) This was virtually a row over for Kelley, and no time was taken.

(b) Won on a foul.

(c) The first occasion of the Championship being taken from England.

(d) Boyd passed the post first, but the race was awarded to Elliott on the foul.

Large

scale

map

(198 kB).

London: Longmans & Co.

E. Weller

* * *

THAMES NATIONAL REGATTA

FOR WATERMEN.

CHAMPION FOURS (Winners).

1854 Elswick Crew.-Winship, Cook, Davidson, Bruce, Oliver (cox.)

1855 Shakspeare Crew.-Wood, Carrol, Ault, Taylor, Malony (cox.)

1856 North and South Crew.-H. Clasper, W. Pocock, R. Chambers, T. Mackinney, G. Driver (cox.)

1857 Newcastle Crew.-J. H. Clasper, A. Maddeson, R. Chambers, H. Clasper, Short (cox.)

1858 Pride of the Thames Crew.-G. Francis, S. Salter, T. White, G. Hammerton, J. Driver (cox.)

1859 Newcastle Crew.-J. H. Clasper, R. Chambers, E. Winship, H. Clasper, R. Clasper (cox.)

1860 London Crew.-T. Pocock, J. Wise, T. White, H. Kelley, W. Peters (cox.)

1861 Kilmorey Crew.-G. Hammerton, J. W. Tagg, E. Winship, R. Chambers, R. Clasper (cox.)

1862 Newcastle Crew.-J. H. Clasper, R. Chambers, E. Winship, H. Clasper, R. Clasper (cox.)

1863 Thames Crew.-H. Harris, T. G. Tagg, J. W. Tagg, G. Hammerton, R. W. Hanna (cox.)

1864 Pride of the Thames Crew.-T. Hoare, H. Kelley, J. W. Tagg, G. Hammerton, R. Hammerton (cox.)

1865 Sons of the Thames Crew.-F. Kilsby, R. Cook, G. Cannon, J. Sadler, S. Peters (cox.)

1866 Pride of the Thames Crew.-T. Hoare, J. Pedgrift, J. Sadler, G. Hammerton, J. Hill (cox.)

SCULLS.

1854 H. Kelley, Fulham 1861 H. Kelley, Fulham

1855 R. Chambers, Newcastle 1862 R. Cooper, Redheugh

1856 H. Kelley, Fulham 1863 R. A. W. Green, Australia

1857 R. Chambers, Newcastle 1864 H. Kelley, Putney

1858 R. Chambers, Newcastle 1865 R. Chambers, Newcastle

1859 J. Wise, Kew 1866 R. Cooper, Redheugh

1860 G. Hammerton, Teddington

PAIR-OARS (Winners).

1854 Pocock and Clasper 1861 Winship and Chambers

1855 Winship and Bruce, Elswick 1862 Winship and Chambers

1856 Winship and Bruce 1863 Green and Kelley, Australia and Putney

1857 Hammerton and Francis, Teddington 1864 Kilsby and Cook, London and Oxford

1858 Hammerton and Francis 1865 Kilsby and Cook, London and Oxford

1860 Winship and Chambers, Newcastle 1866 G. Hammerton and J. Sadler, Surbiton

APPRENTICES' SCULLS: COAT AND BADGE (Winners).

1856 G. Hammerton, Teddington 1862 J. W. Tagg, Moulsey

1857 S. Salter, Wandsworth 1863 R. Cook, Oxford

1858 E. Bell, Richmond 1864 T. Wise, Hammersmith

1859 W. Hemmings, Richmond 1865 J. Callas, Richmond

1860 E. Eagers, Chelsea 1866 W. Sadler, Putney

1861 T. Hoare, Hammersmith

* * *

THAMES NATIONAL REGATTA (Second Series).

FOURS.

1868 Newcastle Crew.-J. Taylor, M. Scott, A. Thompson, R. Chambers (Wallsend) (stroke), T. French (cox.)

1869 Surbiton Crew.-J. Sadler, J. Pedgrift, W. Messenger, G. Hammerton (stroke), R. Hammerton (cox.)

1870 Newcastle Crew.-R. Hepplewhite, J. Percy, J. Bright, R. Chambers (stroke), F. M'Lean (cox.)

1871 Glasgow Crew.-J. Moody, T. Smillie, J. Calderhead, W. Calderhead (stroke), J. M. Green (cox.)

1872 Hammersmith Crew.-H. Thomas, T. Green, J. Anderson, W. Biffen, jun. (stroke), G. Martin (cox.)

1873 Hammersmith Crew.-T. Green, H. Thomas, J. Anderson, W. Biffen (stroke), H. Goldsmith (cox.)

1874 Hammersmith Crew.-T. Green, H. Thomas, J. Anderson, W. Biffen (stroke), G. Holder (cox.)

1875 Newcastle Crew.-R. Hepplewhite, W. Nicholson, R. Bagnall, R. W. Boyd (stroke), J. Cox (cox.)

1876 Thames Crew.-W. F. Spencer, H. Thomas, J. Higgins, T. Green (stroke), J. Holder (cox.)

PAIRS.

1868 J. Taylor and M. Scott, Newcastle

1869 J. Taylor and T. Winship, Newcastle

1870 G. Carr and T. Matfin, Newcastle

1871 W. Biffen, jun. and G. Hammerton

1872 J. Taylor and T. Winship, Newcastle

1873 R. Bagnall and J. Taylor, Newcastle

1874 W. Biffen and H. Thomas

1875 R. Bagnall and R. W. Boyd, Newcastle

1876 T. Green and H. Thomas, Thames

SCULLS.

1868 J. Renforth, Newcastle 1873 b A. Hogarth, Sunderland

1869 J. Renforth, Newcastle 1874 b R. W. Boyd, Newcastle

1870 J. H. Sadler, Surbiton 1875 b T. Blackman, London

1871 a J. Anderson, Hammersmith 1876 T. Blackman, Dulwich

1872 b J. Anderson, Hammersmith

(a) Limited to men who have never sculled for a stake of 50l.

(b) For men who have never sculled for a stake of 100l.

APPRENTICES' SCULLS: COAT AND BADGE.

1868 W. Biffen, Jun., Hammersmith 1873 J. Phillips, Putney

1869 J. Griffiths, Wandsworth 1874 W. Phillips, Putney

1870 W. Messenger, Teddington 1875 J. Tarryer, Rotherhithe

1871 T. Green, Hammersmith 1876 H. Clasper, Oxford

1872 H. Messum, Richmond

* * *

THAMES INTERNATIONAL REGATTA.

CHAMPION SCULLS.

1876 R. W. Boyd, 1877 T. Blackman,

1878 W. Elliott.

CHAMPION FOURS.

1876 a Tyne crew, 1877 Thames crew,

1878 Tyne crew.

(a) After a foul, the Tyne men won on the second day.

CHAMPION PAIRS.

1876 R. W. Boyd and W. Lumsden.

1877 J. Higgins and H. Thomas.

1878 R. W. Boyd and W. Lumsden.

* * *

ROYAL THAMES REGATTA,

Established 1843.

WATERMEN'S PRIZES.

1843 No race for professionals.

1844 Fours.-London four, T. Coombes, Phelps, Newell, and R. Coombes beat H. Clasper's crew for 100l. prize.

Sculls.-H. Clasper won in the first 'outrigged' sculling boat.

1845 Fours.-H. Clasper, R. Clasper, W. Clasper, and Hawtor beat Coombes's four.

1846 Fours.-T. Coombes, Newell, Phelps, and R. Coombes won.

1847 No race.

1848 Clasper's crew won (Coombes in the boat).

1849 Clasper's crew won fours. (This was the last year of the regatta.)

* * *

BRITISH REGATTA IN PARIS, 1867

(EXHIBITION YEAR).

CHAMPION FOURS.

1867 Albion Crew, Newcastle.-J. Taylor, M. Scott, A. Thompson, R. Chambers (St. Anthony's) (st.), T. Richardson (cox.)

PAIR-OARS.

R. Cook and H. Kelley, Oxford and London.

SCULLS.

H. Kelley, Putney.

* * *

WORLD'S REGATTA ON THE THAMES.

1880 On November 18 a sculling regatta organised by an American

firm, 'The Hop Bitters' Co., was commenced on the Thames. It

lasted three days, and prizes amounting to 1,000l. were given

and won as under:-

1. Elias C. Laycock, Sydney, N.S.W. ￡ 500

2. Wallace Ross, St. John's, New Brunswick 300

3. George Hosmer, Boston, U.S.A. 140

4. Warren Smith, Halifax, Nova Scotia 60

* * *

WINNERS OF DOGGETT'S COAT AND BADGE.

1791 T. Easton, Old Swan 1840 W. Hawkins, Kidney Stairs

1792 J. Kettleby, Westminster 1841 R. Moore, Surrey Canal

1793 A. Haley, Horselydown 1842 J. Liddey, Wandsworth

1794 J. Franklin, Putney 1843 J. Fry, Kidney Stairs

1795 W. Parry, Hungerford 1844 F. Lett, Lambeth

1796 J. Thompson, Wapping Old Stairs 1845 J. Cobb, Greenwich

1797 J. Hill, Bankside 1846 J. Wing, Pimlico

1798 T. Williams, Ratcliff Cross 1847 W. Ellis, Westminster

1799 J. Dixon, Paddington Street 1848 J. Ash, Rotherhithe

1800 J. Burgoyne, Blackfriars 1849 T. Cole, jun., Chelsea

1801 J. Curtis, Queenhithe 1850 W. Campbell, Winchester

1802 W. Burns, Limehouse 1851 G. Wigget, Somer's Quay

1803 J. Fowler, Hungerford 1852 C. Constable, Lambeth

1804 C. Gingle, Temple 1853 J. Finnis, Tower

1805 T. Johnson, Vauxhall 1854 D. Hemmings, Bankside

1806 J. Godwin, Ratcliff Cross 1855 H. White, Mill Stairs

1807 J. Evans, Mill Stairs 1856 G. W. Everson, Greenwich

1808 G. Newell, Battle Bridge 1857 T. White, Mill Stairs

1809 F. Jury, Hermitage 1858 C. J. Turner, Rotherhithe

1810 J. Smart, Strand 1859 C. Farrow, jun., Mill Stairs

1811 W. Thornton, Hungerford 1860 H. J. M. Phelps, Fulham

1812 R. May, Westminster 1861 S. Short, Bermondsey

1813 R. Farson, Bankside 1862 J. Messenger, Cherry Garden Stairs

1814 R. Harris, Bankside 1863 T. Young, Rotherhithe

1815 J. Scott, Bankside 1864 D. Coombes, Horselydown

1816 T. Senham, Blackfriars 1865 J. W. Wood, Mill Stairs

1817 J. Robson, Wapping Old Stairs 1866 A. Iles, Kew

1818 W. Nicholls, Greenwich 1867 H. M. Maxwell, Custom House

1819 W. Emery, Hungerford 1868 A. Egalton, Blackwall

1820 J. Hartley, Strand 1869 G. Wright, Bermondsey

1821 T. Cole, sen., Chelsea 1870 R. Harding, Blackwall

1822 W. Noulton, Lambeth 1871 T. J. Mackinney, Richmond

1823 G. Butcher, Hungerford 1872 T. G. Green, Hammersmith

1824 G. Fogo, Battle Bridge 1873 H. Messum, Richmond

1825 G. Staples, Battle Bridge 1874 R. W. Burwood, Wapping

1826 J. Foett, Bankside 1875 W. Phelps, Putney

1827 J. Foss, Fountain Stair 1876 C. T. Bullman, Shadwell Dock

1828 R. Mallett, Lambeth 1877 J. Tarryer, Rotherhithe

1829 S. Stubbs, Old Barge House 1878 T. E. Taylor, Hermitage Stairs

1830 W. Butler, Vauxhall 1879 Henry Cordery, Putney

1831 R. Oliver, Deptford 1880 W. G. Cobb, Putney

1832 R. Waight, Bankside 1881 G. Claridge, Richmond

1833 G. Maynard, Lambeth 1882 H. A. Audsley, Waterloo

1834 W. Tomlinson, Whitehall 1883 J. Lloyd, Chelsea

1835 W. Dyson, Kidney Stairs 1884 C. Phelps, Putney

1836 J. Morris, Horselydown 1885 J. Mackinney, Richmond

1837 T. Harrison, Bankside 1886 H. Cole, Deptford

1838 S. Bridge, Kidney Stairs 1887 W. G. East

1839 T. Goodrum, Vauxhall Stairs

* * *

RIVERS AND COURSES.

RIVER LEA.

Distance from

Limehouse Hertford

m. f. m. f.

Hertford 27 7 0 0

Hertford Lock 27 2 0 5

Ware Lock 25 7 2 0

Ware 25 2 2 5

Hard Mead Lock 24 3 3 4

Amwell Lock 23 4 4 3

Stanstead Lock 22 7 5 0

Rye House, Hoddesdon 21 4 6 3

Feildes Weir Lock 21 2 6 5

Dobbs's Weir Lock 20 3 7 4

Carthagena Lock 19 6 8 1

Broxbourne Lock 19 1 8 6

Aqueduct Lock 17 5 10 2

Cheshunt Mill 16 7 11 1

Waltham Common Lock 15 7 12 0

Waltham Abbey Lock 14 7 13 0

Romney Marsh Lock 14 3 13 4

Enfield Lock 13 1 14 6

Ponder's End Lock 11 2 16 5

Pickett's Lock 10 2 17 5

Edmonton Lock 9 2 18 5

Stone Bridge Lock 8 2 19 5

Tottenham Lock 7 3 20 4

Tottenham Railway Bridge. 6 7 21 0

Lea Bridge. 5 0 22 7

Homerton Lock 4 2 23 5

Duckett's Canal Junction 3 1 24 6

Old Ford Lock 2 6 25 1

Bow Railway Bridge 2 3 25 4

Bow Bridge 2 1 25 6

Bromley Lock 1 4 26 3

Britannia Lock 0 1 27 6

Limehouse Cut Entrance 0 0 27 7

LENGTH OF RACING COURSES.

Barnes Regatta Course 11?2 mile

Barrow, Walney Channel 2 miles 600 yards

Bedford Regatta 3?4 mile

Blyth, Flanker to Cowper Gut 2 miles

Bristol, from Hotwells to Bristol 11?2 mile

Boston, River Witham 21?2 miles

Cambridge 11?2 mile

Chester 11?4 mile

Clydesdale 11?2 mile

Cork 2 miles

Derby 1 mile

Dublin 21?4 miles

Durham 1 mile 300 yards

Ely, Littleport to Adelaide Bridge 21?2 miles

Exeter 21?2 miles

Halton Water 13?4 mile

Henley-on-Thames 1 mile 21?2 furlongs

Huntington 13?4 mile

? for time races 3 miles

Hollingworth Lake 3 miles

Hereford 1 mile 536 yards

Ipswich 1 mile 700 yards

King's Lynn, Champion Course 2 miles

? Prince of Wales's Course 11?4 mile

Kingston-on-Thames, Seething Wells to Kingston Bridge 11?4 mile

Lincoln, sculling and pair-oared 3?4 mile

? four-oared 11?2 miles

London Bridge to Old Swan, Chelsea 4 miles 3 furlongs

Manchester 2 miles

Moulsey (down stream) 11?4 mile

Newark, Devonmouth to Magnus Boathouse 1 mile

Oxford, Iffley to the Barges 11?8 mile

? Abingdon Lasher to Nuneham Cottage 11?2 mile

Putney to Barnes Bridge 3 miles 6 furlongs

? to Chiswick 2 miles 4 furlongs

? to Hammersmith 1 mile 6 furlongs

? to Mortlake 4 miles 3 furlongs

Richmond, Sion House to Richmond Bridge 1 mile 7 furlongs

? Cross Deep, Twickenham, to Richmond Railway Bridge 1 mile 5 furlongs

Stockton-on-Tees, Portrack Course 4 miles

? ? ? above bridges 11?2 mile

Stourport 11?4 mile

Sunderland, North Hylton to Spa Well 1 mile

Tyne, High Level Bridge to Waterson's Gates 1 mile

? ? ? Meadow's House 13?4 mile

? ? ? Armstrong's Crane 2 miles

? ? ? West Point of Paradise Quay 21?2 miles

? ? ? Scotswood Suspension Bridge 3 miles 713 yards

? ? ? Lemington Point 41?2 miles

Tewkesbury 2 miles

Walton-on-Thames (up stream) 1 mile

Warwick 11?2 mile

Worcester 1 mile

DISTANCES OF WEIRS ETC. OXFORD TO LECHLADE.

Distance from

Oxford

Bridge Lechlade

Bridge

m. f. m. f.

Oxford Bridge 0 0 36 0

Godstow Lock 3 3 33 0

King's Weir 4 4 31 4

Ensham Bridge 7 5 28 3

Pinkhill Lock 10 0 26 0

Skinner's Weir 11 0 25 0

Badlock Ferry 12 4 23 4

Ridge's Weir 16 0 20 0

Newbridge 17 2 18 6

Shifford Weir 19 0 17 0

Dexford Weir 20 0 16 0

Tenfoot Weir Bridge 22 0 14 0

Kent or Tadpole Bridge 23 5 12 3

Bushey Weir 24 5 11 3

Old Nan's Weir 26 1 9 7

Old Man's or Harper's Weir 26 7 9 1

Radcot Bridge 28 3 7 5

Eaton or Hart's Upper Weir 31 3 4 5

Buscot Lock 33 3 2 5

St. John's Bridge 35 2 0 6

Lechlade Bridge 36 0 0 0

TABLES OF DISTANCES OF LOCKS ETC. ON THE THAMES.

Distance from

Oxford

Folly

Bridge London

Bridge

m. f. m. f.

Oxford Folly Bridge (stone) and Lock 0 0 110 1 1?4

Iffley Lock 1 1 109 0 1?4

Rose Island 1 7 1?2 108 1 3?4

Sandford Lock 2 5 3?4 107 3 1?2

Abingdon Lock 7 0 1?4 103 1

Abingdon Bridge (stone) 7 3 102 5 1?2

Culham Lock 9 5 1?4 100 4

Clifton Lock 12 2 3?4 97 6

Clifton Hampden Bridge (brick) 12 6 3?4 97 2 1?2

Day's Lock 15 3 1?4 94 6 1?2

Shillingford Bridge (stone) 17 7 1?2 92 1

Benson Lock 19 0 1?4 91 1

Wallingford Bridge (stone) 20 2 3?4 89 6 1?2

Wallingford Lock 20 6 3?4 81 7

Little Stocke Ferry 23 0 3?4 87 0 1?2

Moulsford Ferry 24 3 1?2 85 5 3?4

Cleeve Lock 25 5 1?2 84 3 3?4

Goring Lock 26 3 83 6 1?4

Basildon Railway Bridge 27 5 82 4 1?4

Whitchurch Lock 30 3 79 6 1?4

Pangbourne Bridge 30 4 1?2 79 4 3?4

Maple Durham Lock 32 5 1?2 77 3 3?4

Caversham Bridge (iron) 36 0 3?4 74 0 1?2

Caversham Lock 36 6 73 3 1?4

Sonning Lock 39 3 70 6 1?4

Sonning Bridge (brick) 39 5 1?4 70 4

Shiplake Lock 42 0 1?4 68 1

Wargrave Railway Bridge 42 2 1?2 67 7 3?4

Wargrave Ferry 42 4 1?2 67 4 3?4

Marsh Lock 44 5 65 4 1?4

Henley Bridge (stone) 45 4 64 5 1?2

Regatta Island (from this to Henley Bridge is

the usual Regatta course) 46 7 1?2 63 1 3?4

Hambledon Lock 47 6 1?2 62 2 3?4

Medmenham Abbey and Ferry 49 6 1?2 60 2 3?4

Hurley Lock 51 2 58 7 1?4

Temple Lock 51 7 1?2 58 1 3?4

Marlow Suspension Bridge (iron) 53 3 1?2 56 5 3?4

Marlow Lock 53 5 56 4 1?4

Cookham Railway Bridge (wooden) 56 0 1?4 54 1

Cookham Bridge (iron) 57 2 52 7 1?4

Cookham Lock 57 5 52 4 1?4

Boulter's Lock 60 0 3?4 50 0 1?2

Maidenhead Bridge (stone) 60 6 1?2 49 2 3?4

Maidenhead Railway Bridge (brick) 60 0 1?4 49 1

Bray 61 6 1?2 48 2 3?4

Bray Lock 62 0 1?2 48 0 3?4

Monkey Island 62 0 1?4 47 3

Queen's Island 63 2 1?4 46 7

Boveney Lock 64 7 1?2 45 1 3?4

Windsor Railway Bridge (iron) 66 6 1?4 43 3

Windsor Bridge (iron) 67 1 1?4 43 0

Windsor Lock 67 4 3?4 42 4 1?2

South-Western Railway Bridge (iron) 67 7 42 2 1?4

Victoria Bridge (iron) 68 3 41 6 1?4

Datchet 68 7 1?2 41 1 3?4

Albert Bridge (iron) 69 6 40 3 1?4

Old Windsor Lock 70 4 1?2 39 4 3?4

Magna Charta Island 71 7 1?2 38 1 3?4

Bell Weir Lock 73 3 3?4 36 5 1?2

Staines Bridge (stone) 74 3 1?2 35 5 3?4

Staines Railway Bridge (iron) 74 6 1?4 35 3

Penton Hook Lock 76 1 1?2 33 7 3?4

Laleham Ferry 76 7 1?4 33 2

Chertsey Lock 77 7 3?4 32 1 1?2

Chertsey Bridge (stone) 78 0 3?4 32 0 1?2

Shepperton Lock 79 6 30 3 1?4

Shepperton 80 4 29 5 1?4

Halliford 81 0 3?4 29 0 1?2

Walton Bridge (iron) 81 7 1?2 28 1 3?4

Sunbury Lock 83 4 3?4 26 4 1?2

Hampton Ferry 85 5 3?4 24 3 1?2

Moulsey Lock 86 4 3?4 23 4 1?2

Hampton Court Bridge (iron) 86 5 3?4 23 3 1?2

Thames Ditton Ferry 87 4 3?4 22 4 1?2

Messenger's Island 88 5 3?4 21 3 1?2

Kingston Bridge (stone) 89 5 1?4 20 4

Kingston Railway Bridge (iron) 89 6 1?4 20 3

Teddington Lock 91 2 1?4 18 7

Twickenham Ferry 92 5 1?2 17 3 3?4

Richmond Bridge (stone) 94 0 1?4 16 0 3?4

Richmond Railway Bridge (iron) 94 3 1?2 15 5 3?4

Isleworth (Railhead) Ferry 94 7 1?2 15 1 3?4

Isleworth 95 2 1?2 14 6 3?4

Brentford Ferry 96 4 1?2 13 4 3?4

Kew Bridge (stone) 97 1 13 0 1?4

Strand-on-the-Green Railway Bridge (iron) about 97 5 12 4 1?4

Barnes Railway Bridge (iron) 99 0 3?4 11 0 1?2

Hammersmith South Bridge (iron) 100 7 3?4 9 1 1?2

Putney Bridge (wooden) 102 5 3?4 7 3 1?2

Battersea Railway Bridge 104 4 1?4 5 5

Battersea Bridge (wooden) 105 1 1?4 5 0

Chelsea Suspension Bridge (iron) 106 1 1?4 4 0

Vauxhall Bridge (iron) 107 1 1?2 2 7 3?4

Lambeth Suspension Bridge (iron) 107 6 2 3 1?4

Westminster Bridge (iron) 108 1 1?2 1 7 3?4

Charing Cross Railway Bridge (iron) 108 4 1?2 1 4 3?4

Waterloo Bridge (stone) 108 6 1?2 1 2 3?4

Blackfriars Bridge (iron) 109 3 0 6 1?4

Southwark Bridge (iron) 109 6 3?4 0 2 1?2

Cannon Street Railway Bridge (iron) 110 0 0 1 1?4

London Bridge (stone) 110 1 1?4 0 0

ON THE RIVER MEDWAY.

Distance from

Sheerness Tonbridge

m. f. m. f.

Tonbridge 46 4 0 0

Tonbridge Lock 46 2 0 2

Giles's Lock 45 5 0 7

Eldridge's Lock 44 4 2 0

Porter's Lock 43 5 2 7

East Lock 42 0 4 4

Nook Weare Lock 41 3 5 1

New Lock 40 4 6 0

Sluice Weare Lock 40 0 6 4

Brandbridge's Lock 39 3 7 1

South-Eastern Railway Bridge 39 0 7 4

Stoneham Lock 38 6 7 6

Yalding Village 37 6 8 6

Hampstead Lock 37 3 9 1

Wateringbury Bridge 35 4 11 0

Yeston Lock 34 2 12 2

Yeston Bridge 34 1 12 3

East Farleigh Lock 32 0 14 0

East Farleigh Bridge 32 0 14 4

Maidstone Lock 29 7 16 5

Maidstone Bridge 29 6 16 6

Gibraltar Lock 27 6 18 6

Aylesford Bridge 25 6 20 6

Snodland Ferry 20 4 26 0

Lower Halling Ferry 18 4 28 0

Rochester Bridge 14 0 32 4

Rochester Railway Bridge 14 0 32 4

Chatham 12 4 34 0

Chatham Dockyard 12 0 34 4

Upnor Castle 11 0 35 4

Gillingham 8 4 38 0

River Swale 2 0 44 4

Sheerness 0 0 46 4

ON THE RIVER WEY.

Distance from

Thames Lock Godalming

m. f. m. f.

Godalming 20 1 0 0

Catshail Lock 19 3 0 0

Unsted Lock 18 3 1 6

Broadford Bridge 17 5 2 6

Shalford Railway Bridge 17 0 3 0

St. Catherine's Lock 16 5 3 4

St. Catherine's Ferry 16 3 3 6

Guildford Lock 15 5 4 4

Guildford Bridge 15 4 4 5

Stoke Lock 12 4 7 5

Bower's Lock 11 5 6 4

Trigg's Lock 9 5 10 0

Scud Heath 9 1 11 5

Worsfold's Gates 8 7 11 2

Paper Court Lock 7 3 12 6

Newark Lock 6 1 14 0

Pirford Lock 5 2 14 0

South-Western Railway Bridge 3 0 17 1

New Haw Lock 2 4 17 0

Cox's Lock 1 5 18 4

Weybridge Lock 1 0 19 1

Thames Junction Lock 0 0 20 1

* * *

APPENDIX.

THE EARLY HISTORY OF BOAT RACING AT THE UNIVERSITIES.[23]

[23] Reprinted from Land and Water of December 17, 1881.

The history of early college boat racing is not strictly that of the University boat race itself, but it is closely wound up with it, and it was, moreover, the origin of that aquatic rivalry between the two Universities which led to the first match of 1829.

Oxford had inaugurated eight-oared rowing; that introduced inter-college bumping races. Cambridge followed suit and established similar races, and hence arose the constant study of aquatics which produced the first match. For these reasons, we think that the history here given will be read with interest by all University oarsmen, the more so because it, to the best of our knowledge, has never before appeared in print. No official record of their early races has been preserved; the oldest boating record in Oxford is the Brasenose Club Book, dating 1837. That of the O.U.B.C. commences with its establishment, 1839. The 'Charts' of the boat races from 1837, published by Messrs. Spiers & Sons, and which were not invented till after the year 1850, obtain the retrospective racing, prior to the time when they first appeared, from the MS. records of the B.N.C. book, the contents of which were communicated to the publishers by the late Rev. T. Codrington. But prior to 1837 all is blank. For the lost history here unearthed we are indebted to the reminiscences and diaries of oarsmen of those days still in the land of the living.

Oxford started college boat racing before Cambridge. It does not seem quite clear as to when bumping races actually commenced. Two or three colleges had boat clubs and manned eight oars, and at first it seems to have been the practice for out-college men to join the club and crew of colleges to which they did not belong.

The eight oars seem to have been in the habit of going down to Sandford or Nuneham to dine, and of rowing home in company. From Iffley to Oxford they were inclined to race to see who could be home first. They could not race abreast, so they rowed in Indian file, and those behind jealously tried to overtake the leaders. Hence began the idea of starting in a fixed order out of Iffley Lock, of racing in procession, and of an overtaken boat giving place to its victor on the next night of procession.

In 1822, at all events, there were bumping races. Christ Church seems to have been head. There was a disputed bump between B.N.C. and Jesus, and some violence seems to have occurred, B.N.C. trying to haul down the Jesus flag, and the Jesus men defending their colours. The dispute was finally closed by Post of B.N.C. saying, 'These cries of "Jesus" and "B.N.C." remind me of the old saying:-

Different people are of different opinions;

Some like leeks, some like onions.'

(The oars of Jesus were decorated with leeks.) The quarrel was made up, and the crews went together to Nuneham in their racing boats. Unfortunately Musgrave, one of the party, fell overboard and was drowned during the festivities. In 1823 there were no eight-oared races, the sad accident of the year before having cast a gloom over the pursuit. But several boats were manned. Christ Church refused to put on a boat in consequence of Stephen Davis, the boat-builder, rowing in the B.N.C. eight, and Isaac King (who eventually took Davis's business) in the Jesus boat. Some strong feeling was displayed on this point. When the B.N.C. boat came up the river, the Christ Church men used to run alongside of it for many nights shouting, 'No hired watermen.' After this year no watermen rowed in the college crews. Exeter had a boat afloat that year, built by Hall of Oxford. She was called the 'Buccleuch' in honour Of the Duke of that ilk.

Among the Exeter men was one Moresby, who was a relative of a naval captain of that name, and through his advice Exeter ordered an eight-oar of Little, of Plymouth. She was finished in time to be put on in 1824, and became famous as the 'Exeter white boat.' Stephen Davis was sent with a carriage constructed for the purpose, to meet the boat at Portsmouth, whither she was brought by sea. As this boat was built of deal, a raft was provided to receive her-the first use of a raft for this purpose at Oxford. The oars sent with the boat were such as are used at sea, and made of ash. They were discarded in favour of ordinary oars, such as those already in use for fresh-water rowing. She was found to be too high out of the water, so Isaac King cut her down one streak. The boat, as depicted in Turner's water-colour drawing of her, was taken when she was afloat and unmanned; her crew were painted in her afterwards; consequently she rides too high out of the water. The boats on the river in 1824 were, at the beginning of the season, Christ Church 1, B.N.C. 2, Exeter 3. Exeter bumped B.N.C. under the willows on the first night; the next night of racing Christ Church took off, and Exeter became head by the other's default. The races were renewed another day, and B.N.C. bumped Christ Church. This was the last year in which the boats started out for Iffley Lock. The racing has hitherto been conducted on this principle; the start between the boats were just so much as the dexterity of the stroke could obtain. He, the stroke, stood on the bow thwart, and ran down the row of thwarts; pushing the boat along with his shoulder against the lock gates, he reached his own thwart, by which time the impetus had shot the boat clear of the lock, he dropped on to his own seat, and began to row. The oarsmen had their oars 'tossed' meantime. The boat next in order then followed the same process, and so on. The boats lay in échelon while waiting for the start. Bulteel, who was stroke of B.N.C. in the disputed race of 1822 (above mentioned), and who afterwards was elected Fellow of Exeter in 1823, was especially skilful at this. The Exeter crew of 1824 were: Wareing, Dick, Parr, Dowglass, J. C. Clutterbuck, Cole, R. Pocklington (father of D. Pocklington, stroke of Oxford in 1864), Bulteel (stroke), S. Pocklington (cox.) The Rev. J. C. Clutterbuck, now rector of Long Wittenham, near Abingdon, is well known as a conservator of the Thames, to whom the Universities and rowing men are much indebted for the clauses in the Conservancy Acts which give that body powers to clear the river for boat racing. The names of the other two crews of 1824 have not come fully to posterity, but among B.N.C. are Meredith, North and Karle (stroke); and in the Christ Church crew were Hussey, Baring and Smyth (stroke).

In 1825 the boats started in line along the bank, each having its umpire to regulate the distance between it and its neighbours (one length). The boats at starting were Exeter, Christ Church Worcester, Balliol (in this order). Exeter had discarded their old love, and had got a 'black boat,' larger than the old 'white boat,' but not so fast, according to later experiments. However, they elected to row in her at first, and Christ Church bumped them, also Worcester on a subsequent night. Later on Exeter rebumped Worcester, and at the close of the racing the order was: Christ Church, Exeter, Worcester, Balliol. Smyth was again stroke of Christ Church, and R. Pocklington stroke of Exeter, in which Messrs. Clutterbuck, Parr, Dowglass, Cole, and Wareing rowed again, with Messrs. Harndon and Day as recruits.

The term 'Torpid' seems to have arisen about this date, and to have been applied to the 'second' boats of colleges, such as Christ Church, who launched a second boat in 1826. Later on the 'Torpids' took to racing among themselves as a separate class, and under distinct qualifications.

In 1826 the following rules were drawn up for the boat-racing, and we give them verbatim:-

Rule 186.-Resolved (1) That racing do commence on Monday, May 1.

(2) That the days for racing be Monday and Friday in each week, and that if any boat does not come out on those days its flag do go to the bottom.

(3) That no out-college crews be allowed to row in any boat, except in cases of illness or other unavoidable absence, and then that the cause of such absence be signified to the strokes of the other boats.

(4) That the boats below the one that bumps stop racing, and those above continue it.

(5) That there be a distance of fifty feet between each boat at starting.

(6) That the boats start by pistol shot.

(7) That umpires be appointed by each college to see each boat in its proper position before starting, and to decide any accidental dispute.

H. Saunders, Ch. Ch. Henry Towers, Ch. Ch.

H. Moresby, Ex. Coll. T. North, B. N. Coll.

E. A. Hughes, Jes. Coll. H. Roberts, Ball. Coll.

Of the details of the racing, all that we can gather is that Christ Church finished head.

In 1827 rules were again drawn up and signed at a meeting of strokes; the new code being much the same as its predecessor, but with one or two small alterations. There was no U.B.C. in existence, and therefore no fixed code, but only such as was agreed on from year to year.

Rules for Boat-Racing, 1827.

(1) That the racing do begin on May 29.

(2) That the days of racing be Tuesday and Friday in each week, and that if any boat does not come out on those days its flag do go to the bottom.

(3) That no out-college man be allowed to row in any boat.

(4) That no boat be allowed to race with less than eight oars.

(5) That the boats below the one that bumps stop racing, those above continue it.

(6) That there be a distance of fifty feet between each boat at starting.

(7) That the boats start by pistol shot.

(8) That umpires be appointed by each college to see each boat in its proper place at starting, and to settle any accidental dispute.

The rules of the racing signed by:-

C.H. Page, Ch. Ch. F. C. Chaytor

R. T. Congreve, B.N.C. Geo. D. Hill, Trin. Coll.

A. C. Budge, Ex. Coll. David Reid

R. Pennefather, Ball. Coll. T. Fox

During these races Christ Church lost their pride of place. Balliol seems to have first displaced them, and they in turn fell victims to B.N.C. who remained head. The exact details of the racing and full list of boats in this are unfortunately wanting.

The racing of 1828 began as usual. No MS. copy of the rules has come to our hands for this year, but they are believed to be a reproduction of those of 1827.

The racing resulted thus:-

June 1.-Order of starting B.N.C., Balliol, University, Christ Church, Trinity, Oriel.

B.N.C. and Balliol remained in statu quo; Christ Church claimed a bump against University which the latter disputed. Oriel bumped Trinity. The disputed race between University and Christ Church was renewed on June 3, and the Christ Church men put wet paint on their bows so as to make sure of leaving their mark if they should touch their opponents. They effected their bump. The other boats do not seem to have raced on June 3.

The next race was on June 4 between B.N.C., Balliol, Christ Church, University, Trinity, and Oriel. Balliol bumped B.N.C., and the other boats therefore ceased rowing according to the rules.

The third race was on June 7. Balliol, B.N.C., Christ Church, University, Trinity, and Oriel, started in this order: Balliol kept ahead; Christ Church bumped B.N.C., and the two between them had therefore to cease rowing; Trinity then took off. On June 10 the races were renewed, but no bump was effected by any boat.

On June 13 there was another race, and Christ Church displaced Balliol and went head.

The races concluded on June 16, when Christ Church retained the headship, and B.N.C. rebumped Balliol.

The Christ Church crew of 1828 were:-(bow) Goodenough; 2, Gwilt; 3, Lloyd; 4, Moore; 5, Hamilton; 6, Mayne; 7, Bates; (stroke) Staniforth. Hamilton became Bishop of Salisbury.

In 1829, in consequence of the first match of its kind being then arranged with Cambridge, and the date being fixed for March 10, there were no bumping races. Christ Church were accredited as head of the river, from their having held that position from the preceding year; and they were saluted as such. A scratch race, however, was improvised on Commemoration afternoon, between the boats, apparently manned by mixed crews of all colleges. It seems to have been a bumping and not a level race, for the record of the race is 'no bump.'

In 1830 the races were renewed, and the following colleges put on eights:-Christ Church, B.N.C., Balliol, University, St. John's, in the order named.

The racing began on June 8, and Balliol bumped B.N.C.

On June 11, another race, and no bump by any boat.

On June 15, St. John's bumped University, the others above them retaining their places and rowing to the end, as the bump was astern of them.

On June 18 another race, but no bump.

On June 20 another race, and no bump.

We hope at a later period to supply the hiatus in history between this last mentioned year and 1837, in which year the written records of the B.N.C. book commenced, and for which charts of the races are published. Meanwhile we shall thankfully receive any information on this subject from the heroes of those days who may now be alive and hearty.

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HENLEY, PAST AND FUTURE.[24]

[24] From the Field, July 5, 1886.

The inauguration of a new era in the history of Henley Regatta naturally tends to make the mind wander into vistas of the past, perhaps even more than into speculations of the future. There are oarsmen living who can recollect when Henley Regatta did not even exist, and yet we are within an appreciable distance (three years) of the 'jubilee' of the gathering. There are sundry old Blues of the 1829 match still hale and hearty, and the regatta was not founded until ten years after that date. Apropos of that 1829 match, we have never seen it officially recorded that in the race Cambridge steered up the Bucks and Oxford in the Berks channel of the river, where the island divides it. Yet we have heard the Rev. T. Staniforth, the Oxford stroke, relate the fact. For some strange reason, the general opinion of habitués of the river prior to that match was that the Bucks channel gave the better course. The boughs of the island trees obstructed the Berks channel more than now, and this may explain the delusion. However, the Oxonians doubted the soundness of local opinion, and tested in practice the advantages of the two channels by timing themselves through each. They naturally found the inside course the shorter cut. In the race they adopted it, while Cambridge, so we hear, took the outside channel; and the previous lead of Oxford was more than trebled by the time that the boats came again into the main river.

Times and ideas of rowing have changed much since the first regatta at Henley opened and closed with contests for the Grand Challenge Cup, the only prize at its foundation. The 'Town' Cup seems to have been the next addition, under the name of the 'District Challenge' Cup, in 1840; but it does not figure again until 1842, and in 1843 takes the name of the Town Cup. There were first class fours 'for medals' in 1841, but the Stewards' Cup was not founded till the following year. The 'Diamonds' appeared in 1844. 'Pairs' came into existence in 1845, styled 'silver wherries,' and the then winners, Arnold and Mann, of Caius, have ever been handed down by tradition as something much above the average. The prize became 'silver goblets' in 1850, and the first winners of them were Justice Sir Joseph Chitty and Dr. Hornby, provost of Eton. The Ladies' Plate was called the 'New' Cup when it appeared in 1845. At that time it was open to the world, like the Grand. Clubs from the Thames won it on sundry occasions. In 1857 it was restricted to schools and colleges as now, copying the 'Visitors' Cup' for fours, founded upon parallel principles in 1847. The Wyfold Cup dates from 1847, though it does not figure in the local official calendar of the regatta as a four-oar prize until 1856. In the latter year it became a four-oar prize, open to all, and the Argonauts won it and the 'Stewards,' with the same crew. Later on it obtained its present qualification. As to the forgotten functions of the 'Wyfold' between 1847 and 1856, we venture to record them. The cup originally was held by the winner of the trial heats for the Grand. If the best challenger won the Grand also, or if the 'holders' did not compete, then the same crew would take both Grand and Wyfold for the season; but the Grand holders were ineligible to row for the Wyfold. This latter anomaly in time induced the executive to obtain leave from the donor to alter the destination of the cup and to devote it to fours. Local races flourished in the forties and fifties. Besides the Town Cup, there were local sculls, sometimes for a 'silver wherry,' and sometimes for a presentation cup. Local pairs existed from 1858 to 1861 inclusive. The Thames Cup began life in 1868 as a sort of junior race, but later on obtained its present qualification. There was a presentation prize for fours without coxswains in 1869, but the Stewards' Cup was not opened for fours of the modern style till 1873; and the Visitors' and Wyfold were similarly emancipated a year later. The advent and disappearance of the Public Schools' Cup need no comment.

We well recollect the sensation produced by the first keelless eight, that of Chester, in 1856. The club came like a meteor, and won both Grand and Ladies' (the latter being an open race for the last time in that year). The art of 'watermanship' had not then reached its present pitch. The Chester men could not sit their boat in the least; they flopped their blades along the water on the recovery in a manner which few junior crews at minor regattas would now be guilty of; but they rowed well away from their opponents, who were only college crews. In that year, in consequence of the Chester ship being some dozen feet shorter than the iron keeled craft of Exeter and Lady Margaret, a question arose as to how the boats should be adjudicated past the post. The boats started by sterns, therefore Chester would be giving several feet start if adjudged at the finish by bows. So the stewards ordered the races to be decided by sterns past the post. This edict remained in force, but unknown to the majority of competitors, till after 1864. In that year the winner of the Diamonds reached the post several lengths before his opponent, but stopped opposite to it in a stiff head wind. The loser came up behind him leisurely, chatted, and shoved the winner past the post by rowlocks locking. Presently it transpired that the official fiat was 'won by a foot,' and that the judge did not consider the race over until the winner's stern was clear of the line! This discovery caused some inquiry, and the half-forgotten edict of 1857 was thus repealed; and races have since then been adjudged again by bows. Among other reminiscences, we can recall the old starting 'rypecks,' with bungs and cords attached; these bungs had to be held by competitors till the signal to start; the ropes often fouled rudder lines, and were awkward to deal with. In 1862 the system of starting with sterns held from moored punts, now in vogue, was first adopted.

Such are some of the recollections which evolve themselves at this date, when we are on the eve of a new era and a new course. The old 'time' records, which have been gradually improving and which, to our knowledge, are recorded in the most random manner in the local calendar, will now have to stand or fall by themselves. A new course, with less slack water in it, will hardly bear close comparison with an old one as to time. The old soreness of fluky winds, and 'might have beens,' laid to the discredit of much-abused Poplar Point, must now find no longer scope. Luck in station there still will be, inevitably, when wind blows off shore; but there now will be no bays to coast, and no Berks corner to cut. The glories of Henley bridge have been on the wane for some years past; we can remember when enterprising rustics ranked their muck carts speculatively along the north side of the bridge; but fashion and the innovation of large moored craft have lost the bridge much of its old popularity. Besides, the newly planted aspens along the towpath, which were given to replace the old time-honoured 'poplars,' shut off the view of the reach from the bridge. It is no longer possible, telescopically, to time opponents in practice from the Lion and Angel window, as of old. It is not so much as twenty years ago that steamers were unknown on the reach. The 'Ariel' (the late Mr. Blyth's) was the first of her kind built by Mr. Thornycroft. Till then, row-boats had the reach to themselves. We are old enough to recall the Red Lion flourishing as a coaching inn; then came its breakdown, when 'rail' broke the 'road,' and it shut up, until Mrs. Williams, the veteran landlady, who erst welcomed, and is still welcomed by, so many retired generations of oarsmen, migrated from the Catherine Wheel in 1858, and re-opened the Lion once more.

The strength of amateur talent is treble what it was twenty-five years ago. After the pristine Leander retired from action, and the St. George's shut up, and the Old Thames Club dispersed, the Universities had Henley almost to themselves as to eights and fours until Chester woke them up in eights in 1856, and the Argonauts four a year or two before produced the nucleus of the talent which in 1857 burst upon the world under the new flag of the L.R.C. They were joined by Kingston in a four in 1859. In 1861 Kingston had their first eight. Thames, in like manner, began modestly with a four, which in due time developed winning Grand eights. We have already spoken of the march of watermanship. A quarter of a century ago the idea of amateurs sitting a keelless eight or four, without rolling rowlocks under, until they had first practised for days or weeks in a steady craft, would have been derided. In these days three or four scratch eights can be manned any day at Putney, capable of sitting a racing ship, and of trying starts with trained University crews. We are not laudatores temporis acti as to oarsmanship; sliding seats spoilt form and style at first until they were better understood; but, in our opinion, there are now (c?teris paribus as to slides versus fixed seats) many more high-class oarsmen than were to be found thirty, or even twenty, years ago. There are more men rowing, and more science, and better coaching than of old. 'Vixere fortes ante Agamemnona;' but we believe that there are on the average some five Agamemnons now afloat for every two in the fifties and early years of the sixties. Nor do we wonder at it with four or five times as many men on the muster rolls of rowing clubs of the present day. As to boat-building, we think that the 'lines' of racing eights have fallen off. We can recall no such capacity for travelling between the strokes as in Mat Taylor's best craft, e.g. the Chester boat and the old 'Eton' ship; both of which did duty and beat all comers for many years. While looking back with interest, we look forward with hope, and believe that the new Henley will maintain, and perhaps improve, its modern enhanced and extended standard of oarsmanship, and that the new course, when fairly tried, will encourage, rather than discourage, competition that looks for fair field and no favour.

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THAMES PRESERVATION ACT.

In 1884 a Committee of the House of Commons sat to inquire into the best method of preserving public rights and those of riparians on the Thames. The latter had developed so much pleasure traffic during the last quarter of a century that some 'highway' legislation on the subject became imperative. An Act for regulating steam-launch traffic on the Thames had been passed in 1883. The report of the Committee produced the following Act, which should be read by all who intend to navigate the Thames for pleasure.

Draft by-laws, to carry out the provisions of this Act in detail, have twice been propounded by the Thames Conservancy during 1886, and a third code was drafted early in 1887, but the first two editions provoked so much hostile criticism that the Conservancy withdrew them; and, up to the date of going to press, the third edition of proposed by-laws, which still seems too objectionable in many details, has not received the sanction of the Board of Trade, which is necessary before the code can become law.

THAMES PRESERVATION ACT, 1885.

48 & 49 Vict. cap. 76.

An Act for the preservation of the River Thames above Teddington Lock for purposes of public recreation, and for regulating the pleasure traffic thereon. [August 14, 1885.]

Whereas the River Thames is a navigable highway; and whereas, by reason of the increase of population in London and other places near the said river, it has come to be largely used as a place of public recreation and resort, and it is expedient that provision should be made for regulating the different kinds of traffic in the said river between the town of Cricklade and Teddington Lock, and upon the banks thereof within the limits aforesaid, and for the keeping of public order and the prevention of nuisances, to the intent that the said river should be preserved as a place of regulated public recreation;

Be it therefore enacted by the Queen's most Excellent Majesty, by and with the advice and consent of the Lords Spiritual and Temporal, and Commons, in this present Parliament assembled, and by the authority of the same, as follows:

Part I.-Navigation.

1. Public right of navigation.-It shall be lawful for all persons, whether for pleasure or profit, to go and be, pass and repass, in boats or vessels over or upon any and every part of the River Thames, through which Thames water flows, between the town of Cricklade and Teddington Lock, including all such backwaters, creeks, side-channels, bays and inlets connected therewith as form parts of the said river within the limits aforesaid.

2. Private artificial cuts not to be deemed parts of the river.-All private artificial cuts for purposes of drainage or irrigation, and all artificial inlets for moats, boathouses, ponds, or other like private purposes, already made or hereafter to be made, and all channels which by virtue of any conveyance from or agreement with the Conservators, or the Commissioners acting under any of the Acts mentioned in the First Schedule to this Act, or by any lawful title have been enjoyed as private channels for the period of twenty years before the passing of this Act, shall be deemed not to be parts of the said river for the purposes of the last preceding section, or any provisions consequent thereon.

3. Conservators may exclude the public.-Notwithstanding anything in the first section contained, it shall be lawful for the Conservators from time to time to exclude the public for a limited period from specified portions of the said river, for purposes connected with the navigation, or with any public work or uses, or for the preservation of public order.

4. Right of navigation to include anchoring and mooring.-The right of navigation hereinbefore described shall be deemed to include a right to anchor, moor, or remain stationary for a reasonable time in the ordinary course of pleasure navigation, subject to such restrictions as the Conservators shall from time to time by by-laws determine; and it shall be the duty of the Conservators to make special regulations for the prevention of annoyance to any occupier of a riparian residence, by reason of the loitering or delay of any house-boat or steam-launch, and for the prevention of the pollution of the river by the sewage of any house-boat or steam-launch. Provided that nothing in this Act, or in any by-law made thereunder, shall be construed to deprive any riparian owner of any legal rights in the soil or bed of the river which he may now possess, or of any legal remedies which he may now possess for prevention of anchoring, mooring, loitering, or delay of any boat or other vessel, or to give any riparian owner any right as against the public, which he did not possess before the passing of this Act, to exclude any person from entering upon or navigating any backwater, creek, channel, bay, inlet, or other water, whether deemed to be part of the River Thames as in this Act defined or not.

Provided also, that the powers given by this clause shall be in addition to, and not to be deemed to be in substitution for, any powers already possessed by the Conservators.

5. Riparian owner to remove obstructions unless maintained for twenty years.-Any person obstructing the navigation hereinbefore described, by means of any weir, bridge, piles, dam, chain, barrier, or other impediment, shall be liable to be called upon by the Conservators to remove the same, and his refusal to do so shall be deemed to be a continuing offence within the meaning of this Act, and the obstruction itself shall be deemed to be a nuisance to the navigation unless the same, or substantially the same, has been maintained for the period of twenty years before the commencement of this Act.

6. Provision against shooting or use of firearms on the river.-From and after the passing of this Act it shall be unlawful to discharge any firearm, air-gun, gun, or similar instrument over or upon the said river within the limits aforesaid, or the banks or towpaths thereof, or any land acquired by the Conservators under the provisions of this Act, and every person discharging any firearm, air-gun, gun, or similar instrument over or upon the said river limits as aforesaid, or the banks or towpath thereof, or any such land as aforesaid, shall be deemed to have committed an offence under this Act.

Part II.-Regulation of Pleasure-boats.

7. Registration of boats.-In addition to the rights and duties of the Conservators relating to registration and tolls already created by the Thames Navigation Act, 1870, the Thames Conservancy Act, 1878, and the Thames Act, 1883, or by any other of the Acts in the First Schedule to this Act mentioned, it shall be lawful for the Conservators to direct by by-law that all boats or vessels, with the exception of any such class of boats or vessels as may, together with the reasons of such exception, be specified in any such by-law for pleasure navigation, shall be registered, together with the true names and addresses of the owners thereof respectively, in a General Register to be kept at their chief office in a form by them to be prescribed, and as to all vessels propelled by steam power, and all house-boats, and all rowing or sailing boats plying for hire, and any such other particular class of boats or vessels as by them from time to time by by-law, may be prescribed to issue licences to ply upon any part of the upper navigation, or upon a limited part thereof only, according to regulations in each case by them to be made by by-law in manner hereinafter provided.

8. Navigating without registration to be an offence.-From and after the dates by any such by-law to be fixed respectively, it shall be an offence under this Act to use any boat or vessel of the class mentioned in the same by-law, on any part of the river to which such by-law applies, unless such boat or vessel shall have been previously registered or licensed in manner therein provided.

9. Lists to be kept of private boats and boats for hire.-In the General Register in the seventh section of this Act mentioned, separate lists shall be kept of boats and vessels used for pleasure navigation by private owners, and of boats and vessels let for hire. The former class of boats or vessels shall be distinguished, according to regulations to be made from time to time by the Conservators, by a registered number, crest, badge, or mark, and the latter class by a registered number; and the provisions of section eleven and section thirteen of the Thames Act, 1883, as to displaying or concealing the same or number of any steam-launch shall be deemed in all cases to apply to the said registered numbers, crests, badge, and marks respectively, with such modifications as the Conservators may by such regulations from time to time direct.

10. Renewal of yearly registration.-It shall be lawful for the Conservators by by-law to enact as to any or all of the classes of boats or vessels by them from time to time required to be licensed or registered as aforesaid, that such licence or registration shall be renewed at any interval not being less than one year.

11. Fee for registration.-It shall be lawful for the Conservators to charge, in respect of boats or vessels registered under this Act, sums not exceeding the sums following; that is to say, for each registration of a pleasure-boat not being a house-boat, a sum not exceeding two shillings and sixpence, and for each registration of a house-boat a sum not exceeding five pounds; and if such house-boat shall be more than thirty feet in length, a further sum not exceeding twenty shillings in respect of every complete five feet and the fraction of an incomplete five feet by which such house boat shall exceed thirty feet in length.

Provided always that nothing in this Act shall require a boat or vessel not being a house-boat to be registered oftener than once in three years.

12. Present registration or licence not to be affected.-Nothing in this Act shall require any vessel which may under any Act be required to be registered or licensed by the master, wardens, and commonalty of watermen and lightermen of the River Thames to be registered or licensed under this Act.

13. First registration.-For the purposes of the last preceding section a fresh registration or licence of any boat or vessel in a class other than that in which the same was first registered or licensed shall be deemed a first registration or licence.

14. Application of ss. 7, 8, 9, and 14 of The Thames Act, 1883, to all registered boats and vessels.-The provisions of sections seven, eight, nine, and fourteen of The Thames Act, 1883, as to registered owners of steam-launches, shall apply to the registered owners of all boats or vessels for the time being registered pursuant to the provisions of this Act, and of the by-laws in that behalf from time to time in force, and the same section nine and section fourteen shall be read as if the words 'boat or vessel' therein were substituted for the word 'steam-launch,' and as if the words 'this Act' therein referred to the present Act.

15. Every boat or vessel to be deemed to be in charge of one person.-Every boat or vessel used for pleasure navigation upon any part of the River Thames within the limits aforesaid shall be deemed to be in charge of one person, who shall be in every case a registered owner, or the person duly appointed or permitted by him to be in charge, or the person hiring such boat or vessel, and, in the absence of any such person, then any person having control or being in command of such boat or vessel.

16. Person in charge to be responsible for order.-Every person who for the time being is in charge of any boat or vessel shall be responsible for the preservation of order and decency, and for the observance of the provisions of this Act; and upon proof that an offence under this Act has been committed by any person on board such boat or vessel, and that the person in charge has refused to give the name and address of the offender, then the person in charge shall be deemed to have committed an offence under this Act.

Part III.-General Powers.

17. Conservators may accept and hold land for certain purposes.-In addition to their existing powers to take and hold land, it shall be lawful for the Conservators to accept and hold any land which any person may offer to them for dedication to public uses in connection with the purposes of this Act, upon such terms and conditions as they may see fit, and it shall be lawful for the Corporation of the City of London, or the Metropolitan Board of Works, and for the University of Oxford, or, subject to the provisions of the Municipal Corporations Act, 1882, so far as they are applicable, for the Corporation of the City of Oxford, or any corporation or other person, to give, grant, dedicate, convey, or devise any land or right over land to the extent of their estates and interests respectively, unto the Conservators, for the purpose of enabling the public to use such and or any part thereof as a public highway, or as a place of public resort, or for the purpose of creating bathing-places or camping-grounds or landing-places, or for any other purposes connected with this Act, any of the provisions of the Act passed in the ninth year of the reign of King George the Second, chapter thirty-six, or any other statute or any rule of law to the contrary notwithstanding.

18. Acquisition by agreement of right of abstracting water from the river.-Where any company or person is entitled under any Act of Parliament, grant, custom, or otherwise, to any right of abstracting or appropriating water which might otherwise flow or find its way into the river, it shall be lawful for any such person on the one hand and the Conservators or any other person on the other hand, to enter into and carry into effect an agreement or agreements for the conveyance of such right to the Conservators; and every such right may be conveyed to the Conservators by deed, and shall as from the date of such conveyance be absolutely extinguished to the intent that such water shall thereafter be allowed to flow into the river.

And it shall be lawful for any of the companies supplying water within the Metropolis to make contributions out of their capital or revenue in aid of the acquisition and extinguishment of any such right, and for the Conservators to accept such contributions and contributions from any other person or persons and employ them for that purpose.

19. Alteration and suspension of by-laws.-It shall be lawful for the Conservators, in addition to all powers of making by-laws already possessed by them under the Acts mentioned in the First Schedule hereto, to make, and from time to time to suspend or alter in the same manner and with the same consent as in the same Acts is provided, all by-laws which they may deem necessary for the purposes mentioned in this Act, or in the Second Schedule hereto.

20. Continuing offences.-Any act or default in contravention of any of the said by-laws or of the provisions of this Act, which after due notice is repeated or continued, shall be a continuing offence under this Act.

Part IV.-Procedure.

21. Penalty for offence against the Act.-Any person convicted of an offence under this Act shall, where no other penalty is provided by this Act or any of the Acts mentioned in the First Schedule hereto, or by any by-law made thereunder respectively, be liable to a penalty not exceeding forty shillings.

22. Penalty for continuing offence.-Any person convicted of an offence which is a continuing offence under this Act shall, where no greater penalty has been provided for such offence by any of the Acts mentioned in the First Schedule hereto, be liable to a penalty not exceeding five pounds.

23. Jurisdiction of certain justices.-For the purposes of this Act, and of every by-law to be made by the Conservators thereunder, the jurisdiction of all justices of the peace for the counties of Surrey, Berkshire, Wiltshire, Gloucester, Oxford, Buckingham, and Middlesex, and of the magistrates for the city of Oxford, and of every other borough, the police jurisdiction of which extends to any place upon the River Thames within the limits aforesaid, and the jurisdiction, powers, and authority of the Proctors of the University of Oxford and the marshals and officers acting under them, and the power and authority of the Metropolitan Police, and of all police officers and constables acting for any of the said counties or boroughs, shall extend over the whole of the River Thames, and the towpaths, banks, and precincts thereof, within the limits aforesaid.

24. As to place where offence committed.-For the purposes of any proceedings in respect of any offence under this Act, or under any of the Acts mentioned in the First Schedule hereto, every such offence shall be deemed to have been committed, and every cause of complaint in respect thereof shall be deemed to have arisen either in the place in which the same actually was committed or arose, or in any place in which the offender or person complained against may be.

25. Bailiffs and servants of Conservators may be sworn in as police constables.-It shall be in the power and at the discretion of the Conservators to procure all or any of their water-bailiffs, river-keepers, lock-keepers, or other servants, to be sworn in as police constables for any of the counties or boroughs aforesaid, but they shall not be liable, without the consent of the Conservators, to be called upon to perform the duties of such police constables, except for the purposes of this Act or of the Acts mentioned in the First Schedule hereto.

26. Proceedings for summary conviction.-Proceedings in relation to any offence or continuing offence under this Act or any of the Acts mentioned in the First Schedule hereto, or under any by-law already made or hereafter to be made by the Conservators, or for the recovery of any penalty under this Act or any of the said Acts mentioned in the First Schedule hereto, or any by-law made thereunder respectively, may be taken before a court of summary jurisdiction, according to the provisions of the Summary Jurisdiction Acts, and all such penalties, whether recovered summarily or otherwise, shall be paid to the Conservators, and shall form part of their funds.

27. Moneys paid to the Conservators to be carried to the Conservancy Fund.-All moneys recovered or received by the Conservators or their secretary, or other officer under any of the provisions of this Act, shall be carried to the Conservancy Fund, and all moneys arising in respect of the Upper River, as defined by the Acts mentioned in the schedule hereto, shall be credited to the Upper Navigation Fund.

28. Saving clause.-Saving always to the Queen's most Excellent Majesty, her heirs and successors, and to all and every other person or persons and body or bodies politic, corporate or collegiate, and his, her, or their heirs, successors, executors, and administrators, all such right, title, estate, and interest, as they or any of them could or ought to have had or enjoyed of, in to or in respect of the river and the banks and towpaths thereof within the limits aforesaid in case this Act had not been passed, excepting so far as relates to the said right of navigation and other rights expressly declared and provided for by this Act.

29. Definitions.-In this Act the following terms have the several meanings hereby assigned to them, unless there be something in the subject or context repugnant to such construction (that is to say):

The terms 'the River Thames' and 'the said river' shall for the purposes of this Act mean and include all and every part of the River Thames specified in section one, excepting the cuts, inlets, and channels specified in section two;

The term 'the Conservators' means the Conservators of the River Thames;

The term 'due notice' means a notice in writing given by the Conservators or any person duly authorised in writing by them to act in their behalf;

The words 'consent of the Conservators' shall mean permission in writing signed by the secretary of the Conservators;

The term 'by-law' includes rules, orders, and regulations;

The term 'person' includes corporation;

The term 'land' includes land of any tenure, and tenements and hereditaments, corporeal or incorporeal, and houses and other buildings, and also an undivided share in land, and any rights over land whatsoever, whether appendant, appurtenant, or in gross;

The term 'precincts' includes any place within a hundred yards of the said river on either side thereof;

The term 'vessel' shall include any ship, lighter, barge, launch, house-boat, boat, randan, wherry, skiff, dingey, shallop, punt, canoe, raft, or other craft.

30. Short title.-This Act may be cited as 'The Thames Preservation Act, 1885.'

Schedule I.

24 Geo. II. c. 8, 30 Geo. II. c. 21, 11 Geo. III. c. 45, 14 Geo. III. c. 91, 15 Geo. III. c. 11, 17 Geo. III. c. 18, 28 Geo. III. c. 51, 35 Geo. III. c. 106, 50 Geo. III. c. cciv., 52 Geo. III. c. xlvi., 52 Geo. III. c. xlvii., 54 Geo. III. c. ccxxiii., 20 & 21 Vict. c. cxlvii. (the Thames Conservancy Act, 1857), 27 & 28 Vict. c. 113 (the Thames Conservancy Act, 1864), 29 & 30 Vict. c. 89 (the Thames Navigation Act, 1866), 30 & 31 Vict. c. ci. (the Thames Conservancy Act, 1867), 33 & 34 Vict. c. cxlix. (the Thames Navigation Act, 1870), 41 & 42 Vict. c. ccxvi. (the Thames Conservancy Act, 1878), 45 & 47 Vict. c. lxxix. (the Thames Act, 1883).

Schedule II.

Purposes for which By-laws may be made under the Powers and Provisions of this Act.

1. For preventing offences against decency by persons using the River Thames, and the banks and towpaths thereof, or any land acquired by the Conservators under the provisions of this Act.

2. For preventing disorderly conduct, or the use of obscene, scandalous, or abusive language to the annoyance of persons using the said River Thames or the banks or towpaths thereof, or any land acquired by the Conservators under the provisions of this Act.

3. For preventing any nuisance to riparian residents or others by persons using the river.

4. For preventing trespasses upon any riparian dwelling-houses or the curtilages or gardens belonging thereto.

5. For regulating the navigation with a view to the safety and amenity of the said river in relation to the purposes of this Act.

6. For preventing injury to flowering and other plants, shrubs, vegetation, trees, woods and underwoods on or near the said river.

7. For preventing bird-catching, bird-nesting, bird-trapping, and the searching for, taking, or destruction of swans' and other birds' nests, eggs, or the young of any birds or other animals on or about the said river, saving all existing rights of fowling, shooting, hunting, and sporting.

8. For preserving the various notice-boards and other works and things set up by the Conservators or with their consent.

9. For preventing disturbance of the navigation provided for by this Act.

10. For registering and licensing boats or vessels, and for regulating the conditions of such licences, and the letting or hiring of boats, vessels, conveyances, horses or other animals, in connection with the purposes of this Act.

11. For imposing penalties for breaches of by-laws, subject to the provisions of this Act and of the Acts in the First Schedule mentioned.

* * *

INDEX.

Abdominal strains, treatment of, 175

Ailments, 172-176

Amateur, the, anomalous status of, 193;

definition of term, 48, 194;

Henley executive definition, 194;

foundation of Amateur Rowing Association, 195;

A.R.A. rules, 195;

regulations for the conduct of amateur regattas, 197-199;

conditions imposed on foreign crews, 199;

laws of boat-racing approved by A.R.A., 239

Amateur Rowing Association, 195-199, 239, 240

Amateurs, past and present:- Babcock, J. C., 105;

Barnes, 35;

Bayford, J., 35, 36;

Birch, R. O., 104;

Bishop, 35;

Brickwood, E. D., 29, 107, 138, 172, 174, 185, 234;

Brown, M., 86;

Brown, W., 105;

Bulteel, 315;

Carter, 35;

Casamajor, 134, 137, 138;

Chambers, J. G., 44, 223, 239;

Chinnery, Walter and Harry, 231;

Close, J. B., 105;

Clutterbuck, Rev. J. C, 315;

Cobb, Rhodes, 234;

Copplestone, 35, 36;

Corkran, Colonel Seymour, 86;

Cox, J. R., 138;

Donaldson, Rev. S. A., 209;

Edwardes-Moss, T. C, 181, 227;

Fawcus, 184;

Godfrey, 85, 86;

Goldie, J. H. D., 86, 117, 181;

Griffiths, W. R., 86;

Gulston, F. S., 87, 88, 105, 107;

Henley, E. F., 152;

Herbert, C., 184;

Hoare, W., 86, 176;

Hornemann, 35;

Hughes, G., 156;

Jacobson, 89;

Labat, R. H., 226;

Le Blanc Smith, 195, 197;

Lesley, R., 86;

Lewis, 35;

Lloyd, 35;

Long, A. de L., 105;

Long, W., 87;

Lowndes, 141;

Marsh, 35;

Marshall, T. H., 92;

Menzies, F., 156;

Montagu, C. F., 203;

Morrison, Allan, 234, 235;

Morrison, George, 89, 234, 235;

Mossop, 87;

Musgrave, 32, 314;

Nadin, 184;

Parker, J. E., 134, 137;

Payne, 141;

Peard, 35, 36;

Pelham, 34-46;

Percy, 103;

Phillips, R. M., 37;

Pitman, 86;

Playford, Frank, 134, 227, 234;

Playford, H. H., 234, 235;

Revell, 35;

Rhodes, H., 86, 116, 117;

Risley, Rev. R. W., 234, 235;

Rowe, G. D., 179;

Shadwell, Rev. A., 92, 156;

Shaw, Captain, 35, 36;

Staniforth, Rev. T., 30, 32, 34, 319;

Unwin, W. S., 134;

Wallace, 184;

Warre, 209, 213;

Way, 116, 117;

Weedon, 35;

West, 86;

Wood, 182;

Wynne, 89;

see under Temple of Fame, 243-296

Aquatic championship, winners of the, 296

Authors quoted, see under Books

Bathing, 156

Beach, W., champion of the world, 236, 237

Biglin-Coulter crew, the, 105

Biremes, 12, 15-17

Blisters, treatment of, 173, 175

Boats, early history of, 3;

sanpans, 4, 6, 10;

Ulysses' boat, 5;

dug-outs, 6;

canoes, 7;

cayaks, 8;

Madras surf-boats, 9;

analogy of construction with that of orders of fishes, 9;

Chinese junks, 10;

Egyptian boats, 12;

Ph?nician vessels, 13;

ships of Homer, 13;

biremes, 15-17, 25;

triremes, 17, 18, 20-23;

pace of the ancient Greek galleys, 24;

early Roman vessels, 24;

boat-building, 142;

wherries, 142;

skiffs, 143, 144;

gigs, 143, 144;

'carvel' build, 143;

inrig and outrig, 144;

dingies, 145;

dimensions, 145-152;

prices, 146, 148;

shape, 150, 151;

position of seats, 151

Boat-builders:- Archer (of Lambeth), 35;

Clasper, Jack, 146, 147;

Goodman, 213;

Hall (of Oxford), 314;

Little (of Plymouth), 314;

Perkins (Sambo), 213;

Salter, Messrs., 145, 152;

Searle, 35, 213;

Sewell, 147;

Swaddell and Winship, 147;

Taylor, Mat, 87, 147-149, 151, 213, 322;

Thornycroft, 322;

Tolliday, 213

Boils, treatment of, 173, 174

Books, &c. and authors quoted: Archéologie Navale, 25;

Aristophanes, 18;

'Argonaut,' 147, 148;

Bell's Life, 28, 34, 35, 110, 147;

Boating Calendar, 206;

Boat Racing, 27, 31, 162, 172, 185;

Brickwood, E. D., 27, 31, 32, 95, 103, 104, 162;

Denkm?ler (Lepsius's), 10;

Egan, T., 110, 147;

Encyclop?dia Britannica, 20;

Field, the, 40, 107, 188, 319;

Fleet of an Egyptian Queen (Duemichen's), 10;

Frogs, 18;

Graser, Dr., 20;

Glossaire Nautique, 25;

Herodotus, 9;

Homer, 4, 5, 13;

Horace, 3;

Jal, M., 25;

Land and Water, 30, 313;

Lane, 122;

Merivale, Dr., 33;

Notes on Coaching (Dr. Warre's), 77;

Oars and Sculls, 161;

Old Blues and their Battles, 34;

Record of the University Boat Race, 34;

Rowing Almanack, 241;

Socrates, 154;

Stonehenge, 174;

Staniforth, Rev. T., 30, 32;

Treherne, G. T., 34;

Urkunden über das Seewesen des attischen Staates, 20;

Warre, Dr., 64, 77;

Westminster Water Ledger, 27;

Williamson, Dr., 28;

Xenophon, 24

Brandy, as a restorative, 172

Building (boat), see under Boats

Bumping races, 33, 313-315, 318

By-laws of boat clubs, 187

Cambridge University Boat Club, 32, 36, 42; head of the river, 292;

pair-oars, 293;

four-oars, 294;

sculls, 295;

races with Oxford, &c., 252-288;

college and club races, 292-296;

see Temple of Fame

Canoes, 7

Captains, 79; qualifications for, 80;

multitude of counsellors, 80;

dealing with malcontents, 82-84;

enforcement of punctuality, 84;

position in boat, 85, 207;

former identity of stroke and captain, 86;

duties of, 87;

recruiting, 87;

selection by, of candidates for trial eights, 88;

coaching of juniors by, 89;

conduct of, on retirement from office, 90;

resident in college, 90;

lessons of the post, 91;

list of captains of Eton boats, 214-216

Championship of the world, 296, 297;

see also under Professional racing

Chitty, Sir Joseph, 320

Clothing, Henley rule concerning, 51

Clubs, practical advantages of, 178;

Star and Arrow, 179;

early records of the Leander, 179-181;

the Leander's matches with the Universities, 181;

the Argonauts, 182;

foundation of the London Rowing Club, 182;

past and present composition of the Leander, 183;

suburban clubs, 183;

provincial clubs, 184;

draft rules for the formation of, 185;

by-laws, 187;

extinction of small clubs, 188-191;

list of those contending at Henley, 245-73;

O.U.B.C. college and club races, 289-292;

C.U.B.C. college and club races, 292-296

Clubs:- Argonauts, 189, 269, 320, 322;

Ariel, 190;

Atalanta (New York), 106;

Bath, 184;

B.N.C. Oxon, 119, 122, 181, 267;

Burton-on-Trent, 184;

Cambridge London Rooms, 263;

Cambridge Subscription Rooms, 285, 289;

Chester, 182, 183;

Christ Church, 31, 208;

Corsair, 190;

C.U.B.C., see under;

Dublin, 106, 184;

Durham, 184;

Grove Park, 183;

Guy's Club (London), 264;

Ino, 190;

John o' Gaunt, 184;

Kingston, 43, 79, 87, 106, 109, 182, 183, 190, 210, 234, 322;

Lady Margaret, 38, 106;

Leander, 33, 34, 79, 117, 179, 180, 183, 190, 192, 211, 254-256, 258, 260, 272;

London, 79, 87, 88, 105, 106, 180, 182, 183, 189, 190, 210, 211, 226, 228, 272, 273;

Mersey, 184;

Molesey, 190;

Nautilus, 189;

Newcastle, 184;

Nottingham, 184;

Oscillators, 122;

Oxford Aquatic, 263;

Oxford Radleian, 119;

Oxford Etonians, 152, 180, 210;

O.U.B.C. (see under);

Pembroke (Oxon), 106, 109;

Queen's College, Oxford, 31, 38, 85, 86;

Radley College, 209;

St. George's, 182, 261, 262;

St. John's Canadian, 119;

Severn, 184;

Star, 189;

Thames, 42, 79, 182, 183, 233, 265;

Thames Subscription, 42, 234;

Twickenham, 183, 190;

University College, 87;

Wandsworth, 181;

West London, 183, 190;

Westminster, 208, 209;

see also Temple of Fame, 245-296

Coaching, 66; tendency to become 'mechanical,' 66;

coach should be a scientific oarsman, 67;

testing rowing apparatus, 67;

cause of faults in rowing, 68;

'lateness,' 68;

over-reach of shoulders, 69;

meeting oar, 70;

faulty swing, 70;

screwing, 70;

feather under water, 71;

swing across boat, 71;

prematurely bending the arms, 71;

exercise of crew in paddling, 72, 73;

watermanship, good and bad, 74, 75;

firmness in dealing with pupils, 75;

selection and arrangement of crew, 76;

Dr. Warre's 'Notes on Coaching,' 77;

consumption of liquid in training, 161

Colds and coughs, treatment of, 176

College races, 245-251

Colquhoun Challenge Sculls, 38;

winners of, 295, 296

Conservators, Thames, powers of, 323-327

Course, boat's, 238

Coxswains, Henley Regatta rules concerning, 51;

see also under Steering

Diamond Challenge Sculls, rules, 48;

Edwardes-Moss's victory, 227;

winners of, 248

Diarrh?a, treatment of, 175

Diet, 153-163

Dingey, the, 145, 146

Doggett's coat and badge, 26;

list of winners of, 303, 304

Drink, 158

Dublin Trinity College, results of matches at Henley Regatta, 210, 211

Dug-outs, 6

Egyptian boats, 12

Entries, regulations concerning, 49

Eton, rowing at, 86, 87, 200;

fishing and shooting at, 201;

the river out of bounds, 201;

Dr. Keate and the sham eight, 201;

shirking abolished, 202;

swimming enforced, 202;

river masters and bathing places, 203;

'passing,' 203;

changes in the course of the Thames, 203;

first race under official patronage, 204;

watermen as stroke or coach, 204;

upper and lower boats, 204;

names and number of boats, 204, 205;

entries for eights, 205;

captains and 'choices,' 205;

procession on opening day, 206;

practice, 207;

procession on June 4, 207;

position of captain of boat, 207;

v. Christ Church four, 208;

v. Westminster, 208, 209;

v. Radley, 209;

lists of results of races at Henley Regatta, 210-211;

upper sixes, 211;

four v. watermen, 212;

punting and tub-sculling, 212;

courses and winning point, 212;

the Brocas, 212;

times, 212;

build of boats, 213;

style of rowing, 213;

list of captains of boats and notable events, 214-216

Festers, treatment of, 175

'Field,' article on Henley Past and Present, 319-323

Firearms, use of, on river, 325

Foreign crews, regulations concerning, 199

Fouls, 239

Four-oars, 118; without coxswain, 119;

steering apparatus, 119;

in practice, 122;

winners of races, 249-251, 292, 294, 298, 299, 301, 302

Gigs, 143, 144

Gold Cup for eights, 42, 260

Goodford, Dr., 202, 209

Grand Challenge Cup, 40; rules concerning, 47;

racing record, 182, 183, 210, 211, 253, 258, 259, 261, 262, 264-268, 270, 272, 273, 319, 320;

list of winners, 245

Hanlan, E., Canadian champion, 227, 229-231, 236

Hawtrey, Dr., 204

Henley Regatta, foundation of, 38;

old and new courses, 40;

qualification rules for cups, 47;

general rules, 48;

definition of an amateur oarsman, 48;

entries, 49;

objections to entries, 50;

course and stations, 50;

a row over, 50;

heats, 50;

clothing, 51;

coxswains, 51;

flag, 51;

umpire and judge, 51;

prizes, 51;

committee, 52;

restrictions on foreign crews, 199;

Eton eight first at, 209;

results of Eton racing at, 210;

advantage of Berks station at, 228;

Oxford v. Cambridge at, 254;

Leander v. Oxford at, 254;

random recollections of, 319-323;

see also Temple of Fame, 245-253, 258-262, 264-270, 272, 273

Hornby, Dr., 320

House-boats, 324, 325

Junks, Chinese, 10

Keate, Dr., 201, 202

Kelley, Harry, and his contests, 218, 220, 221, 223

Ladies' Challenge Plate, rules, 47;

racing record, 210, 211;

winners of, 248

'Land and Water,' article on Boat-racing at the Universities, 313-319

Laws of boat-racing, 238; boats' course, 238;

fouls, 239;

code adopted by Amateur Rowing Association, 239, 240;

rule of the road on river, 241, 242

Limehouse to Hertford and intermediate distances, 304, 305

Medway (Sheerness to Tonbridge, and intermediate distances), 310

Milk, cautious use of, 161

Navigation of the Thames, regulations for, 324

Oxford and Cambridge University Boat Race, list of winners since 1828, 252

Oxford to Lechlade and intermediate distances, 306, 307

Oxford to London and intermediate distances of locks, &c., 307-310

Oxford University Boat Club, races of, with C.U.B.C. and other clubs, 32, 36, 42, 89, 252-258, 260-288;

college eights (head of the river), 289;

winners of pair-oars, 290;

winners of sculls, 291;

winners of four-oars, 292;

college and club races, 289-292;

see Temple of Fame

Paddling, 72, 73

Pair-oars, the acme of watermanship, 123;

give-and-take action, 124;

'jealous' rowing, 124;

balance and steering, 126;

the start, 126;

manipulation of the oars, 126;

winners of, at Henley, 246, 293

Paramatta, rowing on the, 229, 236

Passing swimmers at Eton, 203

Ph?nicians, the, 13

Pleasure-boats, regulation of, 325

Professional races and their winners:- The aquatic championship, 296, 297;

Thames National Regatta (champion fours), 298;

sculls, 299;

apprentices' sculls (coat and badge), 299;

T.N.R. (second series), fours, 299;

pairs, 300;

sculls, 300;

apprentices' sculls (coat and badge), 300;

Thames International Regatta, champion sculls, fours, and pairs, 301;

Royal Thames Regatta, watermen's prizes, 301;

British Regatta in Paris, fours, pairs, and sculls, 302;

World's Regatta on the Thames, 302;

winners of Doggett's coat and badge, 303

Professional racing, 217; the London waterman, 217;

first championship of the Thames, 218;

defeat of Kelley by Chambers, 218;

Green defeated by Chambers, 220;

Chambers beaten by Kelley, 220;

Cooper and Chambers defeated by Kelley, 221;

Hammill beaten by Kelley, 221;

Hoare defeated by Sadler, 221;

second defeat of Chambers by Kelley, 221;

anecdote of Chambers, 222;

Kelley defeats Sadler, 223;

Renforth beats Kelley, 223;

Sadler defeats Boyd, 224;

Trickett defeats Sadler, 225;

Boyd beats Higgins, 225;

Higgins beats Boyd, 225;

Higgins defeats Elliott, 226;

Elliott beats Boyd and Higgins, 226;

Elliott defeated by Hanlan, 227;

Trickett beaten by Hanlan, 229;

Hanlan's victories over Laycock and Boyd, 230;

he beats Kennedy and Wallace Ross, 231;

cause of deterioration in professional rowing, 232, 233;

bad form with sliding seats, 224, 225, 229, 230, 232, 235;

lapse of professional regattas, 233;

Beach defeats Hanlan, 236;

Gaudaur beaten by Beach, 237;

Beach paddles away from Wallace Ross, 237

Professionals, past and present:- Anderson, Jock, 225;

Bagnall, 224;

Beach, William, 236, 237;

Biffen, 229, 234;

Blackman, 225, 229;

Boyd, R. W., 224, 225, 226, 229-231;

Bubear, 146, 231, 236;

Cannon, Tom, 204;

Chambers, Robert, 103, 105, 137, 218-222, 228;

Campbell, 28, 218;

Clasper, Harry, 124,143, 218;

Clasper, Jack, 103, 124;

Clifford, T., 236;

Cole, 29, Cooper, 220, 221;

Everson, 219;

Fish, 204;

Gaudaur, 236, 237;

Green, 137, 138, 220;

Elliott, W., 226, 231;

Hall, Jack, 204;

Hammill, 221;

Hanlan, Edward, 134, 137, 225-230, 235, 236;

Haverley, Jack, 204;

Hoare, T., 221;

Kelley, Harry, 138,172, 218-223, 228;

Kemp, 29;

Kennedy, J. L., 231;

Largan, 231;

Laycock, Elias, 230, 231, 235;

Lee, 199, 227;

Luke, 226;

Lumsden, 225;

Matterson, Neil, 236;

Noulton, 36;

Paddle Brads, 204;

Perkins, 231, 236;

Piper, 204;

Renforth, 104, 105, 223;

Ross, Wallace, 230, 231, 237: Rush, 229;

Sadler, J. H., 103, 221-223;

Strong, 184;

Tagg, 234;

Taylor, 105;

Teemer, 236;

Trickett, 224, 225, 229, 230;

West, George, 33;

White, Tom, 219;

Williams, 28;

Williams, C., 218;

Wise, 234;

see also 296-304

Prizes, rules regarding, 51

Public Schools Challenge Cup for fours, winners of, 251

Punctuality, 84

Racing courses, length of, 305

Raws, cure of, 174

Regattas, amateur rules governing, 197-199;

lapse of professional, 233;

see Temple of Fame

Regattas:- Barnes, 43;

British Regatta in Paris, 302;

Harvard, 279;

Henley, see under;

International, 44;